Submit Search
Upload
IRJET- Quality Improvement of Ductile Iron Casting by Thermal Analysis
•
2 likes
•
29 views
IRJET Journal
Follow
https://www.irjet.net/archives/V6/i8/IRJET-V6I8281.pdf
Read less
Read more
Engineering
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 7
Download now
Download to read offline
Recommended
A Review: Welding Of Dissimilar Metal Alloys by Laser Beam Welding & Friction...
A Review: Welding Of Dissimilar Metal Alloys by Laser Beam Welding & Friction...
IJERA Editor
IRJET-Estimation/Assessment of Oxygen Content in Copper by Metallographic Method
IRJET-Estimation/Assessment of Oxygen Content in Copper by Metallographic Method
IRJET Journal
Ch 22 special casting
Ch 22 special casting
Nandan Choudhary
IRJET - Parametric Optimization of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding for Austenitic St...
IRJET - Parametric Optimization of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding for Austenitic St...
IRJET Journal
Microstructural and mechanical behaviour of zinc aluminium cast alloys
Microstructural and mechanical behaviour of zinc aluminium cast alloys
IAEME Publication
Ijciet 10 02_072
Ijciet 10 02_072
IAEME Publication
IRJET-Effect of Chemical Composition on Total Carbon Equivalent in Grey Iron ...
IRJET-Effect of Chemical Composition on Total Carbon Equivalent in Grey Iron ...
IRJET Journal
JOURNAL
JOURNAL
AJITH A
Recommended
A Review: Welding Of Dissimilar Metal Alloys by Laser Beam Welding & Friction...
A Review: Welding Of Dissimilar Metal Alloys by Laser Beam Welding & Friction...
IJERA Editor
IRJET-Estimation/Assessment of Oxygen Content in Copper by Metallographic Method
IRJET-Estimation/Assessment of Oxygen Content in Copper by Metallographic Method
IRJET Journal
Ch 22 special casting
Ch 22 special casting
Nandan Choudhary
IRJET - Parametric Optimization of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding for Austenitic St...
IRJET - Parametric Optimization of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding for Austenitic St...
IRJET Journal
Microstructural and mechanical behaviour of zinc aluminium cast alloys
Microstructural and mechanical behaviour of zinc aluminium cast alloys
IAEME Publication
Ijciet 10 02_072
Ijciet 10 02_072
IAEME Publication
IRJET-Effect of Chemical Composition on Total Carbon Equivalent in Grey Iron ...
IRJET-Effect of Chemical Composition on Total Carbon Equivalent in Grey Iron ...
IRJET Journal
JOURNAL
JOURNAL
AJITH A
Analysis and quantification of grain size in various dhp copper tubes manufac...
Analysis and quantification of grain size in various dhp copper tubes manufac...
Rautomead Limited
Effect of welding heat input on the microstructure of dissimilar metals: Inco...
Effect of welding heat input on the microstructure of dissimilar metals: Inco...
Mohamad Masaeli
D Day
D Day
gogtecl
G021202067071
G021202067071
theijes
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast
eSAT Publishing House
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast iron substrate
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast iron substrate
eSAT Journals
IRJET- Study and Characterization of Aluminium 7075 Hybrid Composites Rei...
IRJET- Study and Characterization of Aluminium 7075 Hybrid Composites Rei...
IRJET Journal
Influence of volume fraction, size, cracking, clustering of particulates and ...
Influence of volume fraction, size, cracking, clustering of particulates and ...
eSAT Journals
j.addma.2020.101130.pdf
j.addma.2020.101130.pdf
Charitha Ranwala ,CSWP
Ch 27.1 basic concepts on structure of solids
Ch 27.1 basic concepts on structure of solids
Nandan Choudhary
Analysis of Tensile Strength Properties for FG260 Welded Cast Iron : A Review
Analysis of Tensile Strength Properties for FG260 Welded Cast Iron : A Review
IRJET Journal
30120140502005 2
30120140502005 2
IAEME Publication
Effect of Modified AA5356 Filler on Corrosion Behavior of AA6061 Alloy GTA Welds
Effect of Modified AA5356 Filler on Corrosion Behavior of AA6061 Alloy GTA Welds
IJMER
Microstructural characterization and elastoplastic behaviour of high strengt
Microstructural characterization and elastoplastic behaviour of high strengt
IAEME Publication
Conferece Paper
Conferece Paper
Yi-Chen Lin
Effects of Continuous Cooling On Impact and Micro Structural Properties of Lo...
Effects of Continuous Cooling On Impact and Micro Structural Properties of Lo...
IJMER
Ir2515501556
Ir2515501556
IJERA Editor
IRJET- Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloy: A Review of Experimental Fin...
IRJET- Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloy: A Review of Experimental Fin...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Effect of Soft Annealing on Copper, Brass and Gunmetal
IRJET- Effect of Soft Annealing on Copper, Brass and Gunmetal
IRJET Journal
Analyzing the Effect of Alloying Addition in Steel samples
Analyzing the Effect of Alloying Addition in Steel samples
IRJET Journal
Corrosion Effects of Cr and Ni in Thermo-Mechanical Treated Steel Bar in Mari...
Corrosion Effects of Cr and Ni in Thermo-Mechanical Treated Steel Bar in Mari...
IRJET Journal
D. mercier
D. mercier
carolgl1
More Related Content
What's hot
Analysis and quantification of grain size in various dhp copper tubes manufac...
Analysis and quantification of grain size in various dhp copper tubes manufac...
Rautomead Limited
Effect of welding heat input on the microstructure of dissimilar metals: Inco...
Effect of welding heat input on the microstructure of dissimilar metals: Inco...
Mohamad Masaeli
D Day
D Day
gogtecl
G021202067071
G021202067071
theijes
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast
eSAT Publishing House
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast iron substrate
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast iron substrate
eSAT Journals
IRJET- Study and Characterization of Aluminium 7075 Hybrid Composites Rei...
IRJET- Study and Characterization of Aluminium 7075 Hybrid Composites Rei...
IRJET Journal
Influence of volume fraction, size, cracking, clustering of particulates and ...
Influence of volume fraction, size, cracking, clustering of particulates and ...
eSAT Journals
j.addma.2020.101130.pdf
j.addma.2020.101130.pdf
Charitha Ranwala ,CSWP
Ch 27.1 basic concepts on structure of solids
Ch 27.1 basic concepts on structure of solids
Nandan Choudhary
Analysis of Tensile Strength Properties for FG260 Welded Cast Iron : A Review
Analysis of Tensile Strength Properties for FG260 Welded Cast Iron : A Review
IRJET Journal
30120140502005 2
30120140502005 2
IAEME Publication
Effect of Modified AA5356 Filler on Corrosion Behavior of AA6061 Alloy GTA Welds
Effect of Modified AA5356 Filler on Corrosion Behavior of AA6061 Alloy GTA Welds
IJMER
Microstructural characterization and elastoplastic behaviour of high strengt
Microstructural characterization and elastoplastic behaviour of high strengt
IAEME Publication
Conferece Paper
Conferece Paper
Yi-Chen Lin
Effects of Continuous Cooling On Impact and Micro Structural Properties of Lo...
Effects of Continuous Cooling On Impact and Micro Structural Properties of Lo...
IJMER
Ir2515501556
Ir2515501556
IJERA Editor
IRJET- Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloy: A Review of Experimental Fin...
IRJET- Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloy: A Review of Experimental Fin...
IRJET Journal
What's hot
(18)
Analysis and quantification of grain size in various dhp copper tubes manufac...
Analysis and quantification of grain size in various dhp copper tubes manufac...
Effect of welding heat input on the microstructure of dissimilar metals: Inco...
Effect of welding heat input on the microstructure of dissimilar metals: Inco...
D Day
D Day
G021202067071
G021202067071
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast iron substrate
Preliminary study of on cladding process on gray cast iron substrate
IRJET- Study and Characterization of Aluminium 7075 Hybrid Composites Rei...
IRJET- Study and Characterization of Aluminium 7075 Hybrid Composites Rei...
Influence of volume fraction, size, cracking, clustering of particulates and ...
Influence of volume fraction, size, cracking, clustering of particulates and ...
j.addma.2020.101130.pdf
j.addma.2020.101130.pdf
Ch 27.1 basic concepts on structure of solids
Ch 27.1 basic concepts on structure of solids
Analysis of Tensile Strength Properties for FG260 Welded Cast Iron : A Review
Analysis of Tensile Strength Properties for FG260 Welded Cast Iron : A Review
30120140502005 2
30120140502005 2
Effect of Modified AA5356 Filler on Corrosion Behavior of AA6061 Alloy GTA Welds
Effect of Modified AA5356 Filler on Corrosion Behavior of AA6061 Alloy GTA Welds
Microstructural characterization and elastoplastic behaviour of high strengt
Microstructural characterization and elastoplastic behaviour of high strengt
Conferece Paper
Conferece Paper
Effects of Continuous Cooling On Impact and Micro Structural Properties of Lo...
Effects of Continuous Cooling On Impact and Micro Structural Properties of Lo...
Ir2515501556
Ir2515501556
IRJET- Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloy: A Review of Experimental Fin...
IRJET- Friction Stir Welding of Magnesium Alloy: A Review of Experimental Fin...
Similar to IRJET- Quality Improvement of Ductile Iron Casting by Thermal Analysis
IRJET- Effect of Soft Annealing on Copper, Brass and Gunmetal
IRJET- Effect of Soft Annealing on Copper, Brass and Gunmetal
IRJET Journal
Analyzing the Effect of Alloying Addition in Steel samples
Analyzing the Effect of Alloying Addition in Steel samples
IRJET Journal
Corrosion Effects of Cr and Ni in Thermo-Mechanical Treated Steel Bar in Mari...
Corrosion Effects of Cr and Ni in Thermo-Mechanical Treated Steel Bar in Mari...
IRJET Journal
D. mercier
D. mercier
carolgl1
Mechanism of Fracture in Friction Stir Processed Aluminium Alloy
Mechanism of Fracture in Friction Stir Processed Aluminium Alloy
Dr. Amarjeet Singh
An investigation of Effect of Mould Vibrations on Mechanical and Metallurgica...
An investigation of Effect of Mould Vibrations on Mechanical and Metallurgica...
journal ijrtem
Duplex 2209 Weld Overlay by ESSC Process
Duplex 2209 Weld Overlay by ESSC Process
IJERA Editor
CRACKS IN STEEL CASTING FOR VOLUTE CASING OF A PUMP
CRACKS IN STEEL CASTING FOR VOLUTE CASING OF A PUMP
ijiert bestjournal
Shell Molding-A paper review
Shell Molding-A paper review
IRJET Journal
An optimal design approach for adamite hot rolling mill roll
An optimal design approach for adamite hot rolling mill roll
Laukik Raut
L013167279
L013167279
IOSR Journals
4457301.ppt
4457301.ppt
mehrshad_mj
Modeling and finite element analysis for a casting defect in thin wall struct...
Modeling and finite element analysis for a casting defect in thin wall struct...
Dr.Vikas Deulgaonkar
Image segmentation, Rough set Theory, Game Theory, Image processing
Image segmentation, Rough set Theory, Game Theory, Image processing
ijsrd.com
Changes in Structural Features of Al-12Si-3Cu Alloy Due to Age Hardening
Changes in Structural Features of Al-12Si-3Cu Alloy Due to Age Hardening
IRJET Journal
Paper Publish
Paper Publish
Gautam Roy
IRJET- Impact of Accelerated Corrosion Test in Flexural Behaviour of RC B...
IRJET- Impact of Accelerated Corrosion Test in Flexural Behaviour of RC B...
IRJET Journal
IRJET- Optimization on Friction Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel-S31803
IRJET- Optimization on Friction Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel-S31803
IRJET Journal
1435936220 volume 2 issue 5 (may 2015)
1435936220 volume 2 issue 5 (may 2015)
ijiert bestjournal
Study of Pitting Corrosion Behavior of FSW weldments of AA6101- T6 Aluminium ...
Study of Pitting Corrosion Behavior of FSW weldments of AA6101- T6 Aluminium ...
IJERA Editor
Similar to IRJET- Quality Improvement of Ductile Iron Casting by Thermal Analysis
(20)
IRJET- Effect of Soft Annealing on Copper, Brass and Gunmetal
IRJET- Effect of Soft Annealing on Copper, Brass and Gunmetal
Analyzing the Effect of Alloying Addition in Steel samples
Analyzing the Effect of Alloying Addition in Steel samples
Corrosion Effects of Cr and Ni in Thermo-Mechanical Treated Steel Bar in Mari...
Corrosion Effects of Cr and Ni in Thermo-Mechanical Treated Steel Bar in Mari...
D. mercier
D. mercier
Mechanism of Fracture in Friction Stir Processed Aluminium Alloy
Mechanism of Fracture in Friction Stir Processed Aluminium Alloy
An investigation of Effect of Mould Vibrations on Mechanical and Metallurgica...
An investigation of Effect of Mould Vibrations on Mechanical and Metallurgica...
Duplex 2209 Weld Overlay by ESSC Process
Duplex 2209 Weld Overlay by ESSC Process
CRACKS IN STEEL CASTING FOR VOLUTE CASING OF A PUMP
CRACKS IN STEEL CASTING FOR VOLUTE CASING OF A PUMP
Shell Molding-A paper review
Shell Molding-A paper review
An optimal design approach for adamite hot rolling mill roll
An optimal design approach for adamite hot rolling mill roll
L013167279
L013167279
4457301.ppt
4457301.ppt
Modeling and finite element analysis for a casting defect in thin wall struct...
Modeling and finite element analysis for a casting defect in thin wall struct...
Image segmentation, Rough set Theory, Game Theory, Image processing
Image segmentation, Rough set Theory, Game Theory, Image processing
Changes in Structural Features of Al-12Si-3Cu Alloy Due to Age Hardening
Changes in Structural Features of Al-12Si-3Cu Alloy Due to Age Hardening
Paper Publish
Paper Publish
IRJET- Impact of Accelerated Corrosion Test in Flexural Behaviour of RC B...
IRJET- Impact of Accelerated Corrosion Test in Flexural Behaviour of RC B...
IRJET- Optimization on Friction Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel-S31803
IRJET- Optimization on Friction Welding of Duplex Stainless Steel-S31803
1435936220 volume 2 issue 5 (may 2015)
1435936220 volume 2 issue 5 (may 2015)
Study of Pitting Corrosion Behavior of FSW weldments of AA6101- T6 Aluminium ...
Study of Pitting Corrosion Behavior of FSW weldments of AA6101- T6 Aluminium ...
More from IRJET Journal
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
IRJET Journal
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
IRJET Journal
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
IRJET Journal
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
IRJET Journal
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
IRJET Journal
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
IRJET Journal
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
IRJET Journal
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
IRJET Journal
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
IRJET Journal
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
IRJET Journal
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
IRJET Journal
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
IRJET Journal
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
IRJET Journal
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
IRJET Journal
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
IRJET Journal
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
IRJET Journal
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
IRJET Journal
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
IRJET Journal
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
IRJET Journal
More from IRJET Journal
(20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTURE
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil Characteristics
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
A REVIEW ON MACHINE LEARNING IN ADAS
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD Pro
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare System
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridges
React based fullstack edtech web application
React based fullstack edtech web application
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic Design
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...
Recently uploaded
Sachpazis Costas: Geotechnical Engineering: A student's Perspective Introduction
Sachpazis Costas: Geotechnical Engineering: A student's Perspective Introduction
Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Architect Hassan Khalil Portfolio for 2024
Architect Hassan Khalil Portfolio for 2024
hassan khalil
Application of Residue Theorem to evaluate real integrations.pptx
Application of Residue Theorem to evaluate real integrations.pptx
959SahilShah
OSVC_Meta-Data based Simulation Automation to overcome Verification Challenge...
OSVC_Meta-Data based Simulation Automation to overcome Verification Challenge...
Soham Mondal
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
Suhani Kapoor
Gurgaon ✡️9711147426✨Call In girls Gurgaon Sector 51 escort service
Gurgaon ✡️9711147426✨Call In girls Gurgaon Sector 51 escort service
jennyeacort
Past, Present and Future of Generative AI
Past, Present and Future of Generative AI
abhishek36461
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
HARMONY IN THE NATURE AND EXISTENCE - Unit-IV
HARMONY IN THE NATURE AND EXISTENCE - Unit-IV
RajaP95
Gfe Mayur Vihar Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7 ^ De...
Gfe Mayur Vihar Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7 ^ De...
srsj9000
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
Suhani Kapoor
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
ranjana rawat
Call Girls Narol 7397865700 Independent Call Girls
Call Girls Narol 7397865700 Independent Call Girls
ssuser7cb4ff
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdf
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdf
Asst.prof M.Gokilavani
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
eptoze12
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
VICTOR MAESTRE RAMIREZ
Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineer...
Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineer...
Dr.Costas Sachpazis
(ANVI) Koregaon Park Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(ANVI) Koregaon Park Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
ranjana rawat
young call girls in Rajiv Chowk🔝 9953056974 🔝 Delhi escort Service
young call girls in Rajiv Chowk🔝 9953056974 🔝 Delhi escort Service
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
9953056974 Call Girls In South Ex, Escorts (Delhi) NCR.pdf
9953056974 Call Girls In South Ex, Escorts (Delhi) NCR.pdf
9953056974 Low Rate Call Girls In Saket, Delhi NCR
Recently uploaded
(20)
Sachpazis Costas: Geotechnical Engineering: A student's Perspective Introduction
Sachpazis Costas: Geotechnical Engineering: A student's Perspective Introduction
Architect Hassan Khalil Portfolio for 2024
Architect Hassan Khalil Portfolio for 2024
Application of Residue Theorem to evaluate real integrations.pptx
Application of Residue Theorem to evaluate real integrations.pptx
OSVC_Meta-Data based Simulation Automation to overcome Verification Challenge...
OSVC_Meta-Data based Simulation Automation to overcome Verification Challenge...
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Hitech City Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
Gurgaon ✡️9711147426✨Call In girls Gurgaon Sector 51 escort service
Gurgaon ✡️9711147426✨Call In girls Gurgaon Sector 51 escort service
Past, Present and Future of Generative AI
Past, Present and Future of Generative AI
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
Call Us -/9953056974- Call Girls In Vikaspuri-/- Delhi NCR
HARMONY IN THE NATURE AND EXISTENCE - Unit-IV
HARMONY IN THE NATURE AND EXISTENCE - Unit-IV
Gfe Mayur Vihar Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7 ^ De...
Gfe Mayur Vihar Call Girls Service WhatsApp -> 9999965857 Available 24x7 ^ De...
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
VIP Call Girls Service Kondapur Hyderabad Call +91-8250192130
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
(MEERA) Dapodi Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pune Escorts
Call Girls Narol 7397865700 Independent Call Girls
Call Girls Narol 7397865700 Independent Call Girls
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdf
CCS355 Neural Network & Deep Learning Unit II Notes with Question bank .pdf
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
Oxy acetylene welding presentation note.
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
Software and Systems Engineering Standards: Verification and Validation of Sy...
Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineer...
Sheet Pile Wall Design and Construction: A Practical Guide for Civil Engineer...
(ANVI) Koregaon Park Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
(ANVI) Koregaon Park Call Girls Just Call 7001035870 [ Cash on Delivery ] Pun...
young call girls in Rajiv Chowk🔝 9953056974 🔝 Delhi escort Service
young call girls in Rajiv Chowk🔝 9953056974 🔝 Delhi escort Service
9953056974 Call Girls In South Ex, Escorts (Delhi) NCR.pdf
9953056974 Call Girls In South Ex, Escorts (Delhi) NCR.pdf
IRJET- Quality Improvement of Ductile Iron Casting by Thermal Analysis
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1227 Quality Improvement of Ductile Iron Casting by Thermal Analysis S.D. Kininge1, P.B. Chikali2, V.D. Shinde3 1PG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, DKTE’s Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji- 416115, Maharashtra, India 2PhD Research Scholar, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgavi- 590018, Karnataka, India. 3Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, DKTE’s Textile and Engineering Institute, Ichalkaranji- 416115, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Solidification of ductile Iron is complex & often leads to shrinkage. Melt Chemistry of charge prepared is insufficient to explain the way ductile iron shrinkage occurs in castings. The variations in melting, holding, treating and inoculating processes during the manufacturing of ductile iron impacts ductile iron solidification. Experimentalresultsofthermalanalysisinthe casting where changes in cooling curves explained metallurgical characteristics to quality (shrinkage) of castings. Thermal Analysis of castings reduces quality issues such as shrinkage. Thermal Analysis (TA) is recording, analyzing the data & then interpret on the basis of temperature variation with respect to time of cooling or heated material. In ductile iron castings, the cooling curve gets recorded while solidifying metal in a mold and further analysis of this data is done. Interpretationisdoneonthebasisof beliefthat during solidification, different events occurring leave their mark on the shape of cooling curves. With the help of this theory, the quality problems especially sinking or shrinkage problems faced for this casting are resolved. Key Words: Thermal Analysis, Ductile iron casting, Shrinkage, Quality of casting, Cooling Curve 1. INTRODUCTION The automobile industry is becoming cost effective. Ductile Iron castings are cheaper and it’s possible to produce castings with lesser thickness. This reduces cost as wellas weight. So these day’s steelcastings and forgingsaregettingconvertedintoductile iron such as crank shaft, gear shifter fork,connectingrod.SolidificationofductileIroniscomplex&oftenleadstoshrinkage.Melt Chemistry of charge prepared is insufficient to explain the way ductile iron shrinkage occurs in castings. The variations in melting, holding, treatingandinoculating processes duringthe manufacturing of ductile iron impactsductileironsolidification. The Experimental results of thermalanalysisinthecastingwherechangesincoolingcurvesexplainmetallurgicalcharacteristics to shrinkage of castings. Different researchers and foundries classify the same defects using different classification methods and terminology. Shrinkage defects are classified in two distinct groups, presented in Figure 1: open shrinkage (macro shrinkage) and closed shrinkage defects (shrinkage porosity). Open shrinkage defectsare characterized by shrinkage cavities that are in contact with the surface of the casting and can have a pipe shape or simply a caved surface (on the side or top surface of the casting). These defectsare a consequence of metal contraction duringcooling in the liquid state(cavedsurfaces)andduringsolidification (pipe shape). Closed shrinkage defects are characterized by not having contact with the casting surface and are formed due to metal contraction during the solidification, asa consequence of the mushy zone. According tothe size of theshrinkagedefect,it canbe classified as macro-porosity when the defect is a single big shrinkage volume or micro-porosity/micro-shrinkage when the cavities are small and interconnected (inter-dendritic cavities) as shown in Figure1. Fig 1. Macro and micro porosity/shrinkage defects The different parameters which are responsibleforShrinkageDefectincastingcouldbe nicelyexplainedbyuseof different techniques. One on such method is man- machine diagram or Fish Bone Diagram is shown in figure 2.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1228 Fig.2: Fish Bone Diagram for Shrinkage Defect in particular casting 1.1 Typical casting procedure Molten metal is generally used to manufacture castings. Molten metal is poured into mould, cavities get filled with liquid metal & it takes the formation of mould cavity. Hence desired shape casting is achieved. This process looks very simple, but in general manufacturingcasting is complexprocessduetometallurgyofmetal.Heremouldusedcanbeexpendableorpermanent. 1.2 Different casting defects Liquid contraction of cooling metal is not compensated either from the sprue or from the riser. At the time of defect formation, the initialskin that formed on the casting surface is too thinat the location of the defect, due to a hot spot, soft mold, and/orany inclusion on the surface (low rate of heat extraction). As the feed metal supply is cut off due to in-gate freezing or riser top freezing, the thin skin at the defect area is punctured by atmospheric pressure and mold gases enter into the casting cavity compensating the shrinkage volume. This location in the casting acts as a feeder forthe restofthecastingandsometimesforthe riser also. If metal has to feed through a thinner section to a heavier section, the freezing time of the thin section will influence the shrink formation in the heavier section. 2. Solidification theory of ductile iron A) Pouring temperature, casting thickness (effects of each) During solidification, the graphite is precipitating from the liquid metal; the time that it does that is depending on the carbon equivalent. Hypo-eutectic iron is first solidifying by dendrites of iron in order to increase the carbon equivalent of the liquid metal to the eutectic one (CEeutectic = 4, 33). Fig.3: Solidification of Iron From the moment this eutectic composition is achieved,alsofreecarbonisappearing. Thiscarbonisrestrictedingrowth bythe already existing metal dendrites and will have a short time to form. They will mostly not float up in the casting. Hyper-eutectic iron is first releasing free graphite to align the liquid chemical composition with the eutectic one (CEeutectic = 4, 33). The free
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1229 carbon is continuously growing until the material is completelysolidified.Graphiteissignificantlylessdensethaniron,soithas the tendency to float when it precipitates in the liquid iron. The tendency is larger if the graphite nodule is larger. When this flotation occurs prior to the complete solidification of the metal, a concentration of graphite nodulesoccursatthecopesurface (top part of the mould) and immediately under cored surfaces. 2.1 Influencing factors for solidification The three most important factors associated with the presence of graphite flotation are: Carbon equivalent (CE) Casting section size and shape Size of the graphite Solidification rate Pouring temperature A) Carbon Equivalent Graphite flotation may occur in all hypereutectic irons (CE > 4, 33), but is mostly present in ductile iron with a carbon equivalent (CE) that exceeds 4, 5%. The nodule size will mostly be large and they can float up quickly. Carbon equivalent is defined by the expression: CE = %C + (%Si/3) + (%P/3) For alloyed irons, sometimes the following formula is used; CE = %C + (%Si/3) + (%P/3) + 0,076 (%Cu) + 0,051 (%Ni) + 0,4 (%S) – 0,028 (%Mn) The extent of flotation is small when irons are just hypereutectic (i.e., their CE values just exceed 4,33, depending on the wall thickness). B) Casting section size and shape The concentration of graphite can only happen if the nodules float up in the liquid. This requires a long solidification time, which means heavy section. Therefore flotation effects are confined mainly to heavier sections and the area below a riser. The shape is also important because if this is very complex, the graphite will never reach the top. If this is straight up, it is very easy to float up. C) Size of the graphite The larger the graphite nodule size, the higher the float up speed will be. The float speed can be calculated by Stokes law: V = 2 * (δmetal – δgraphite) * r² / g * η δmetal -density of metal δgraphite- density of graphite segregation r- Radius of graphite nodule g- Gravity factor: 9.81 m/s² η -viscosity of liquid metal: g.s / cm³
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1230 D) Solidification rate If the solidification rate of the metal is increased by chills (or another tool),themetal will completelysolidifymuchquickerand the time for floating up will be much lesser. So the effect will be less. E) Pouring temperature If the pouring temperature is high, the mould material will heat more, which leads to a longer solidification time of the metal because the heat will be removed more slowly. 2.2 Processing sequence A) molding, B) melting, C) desulphurization, D) inoculation, E) Mg addition. Processing sequence is normal sequence followed for ductile Iron. But, wefoundhighpercentrejectionofthis jobduetomacro shrinkage in the foundry unit. This part is of hydraulics industry in ductile iron & It has 600 bar pressure. For such high pressure it is required that this part should be defect free and having no shrinkage defect. Whenthiswaspartdevelopedit was having shrinkage as shown in fig3, Fig4, fig5. We did few gating modifications, but this defect was not completely removed. Hence, we did experimentation Fig.4 Fig.5
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1231 Fig.6 Fig.4, Fig.5 & Fig.6: Show actual micro shrinkage occurred 2.3 Experimentation In this work, experiments were conducted to record, analyze the data & then interpret on the basis of temperature variation w.r.t. time of heated material in ductile iron on casting with various sectionsofthickness.Simply,formetal castings,thecooling curve gets recorded while solidifying metal in a mold & then analysis of data is done. An aluminum pattern was made as per drawing of casting. Green sand mold was prepared using this pattern as shown in fig.6. A total of 9 moulds prepared. Four cavities are provided on each mould with common gating system. The casting produced in the other cavity was used for shrinkage studies. The thermocouples (K type) were connected to an 8-channel data logger (MCS make), which is capable of storing 2995 readings for each port. The data were used for plotting the cooling curves for each section thickness using Smartlog 2000 software. Out of Chemical composition, Inoculation, Si-Mg Alloy, Pouring temperature, Carbon Equivalent variables for thermal analysis are important. These critical variables are selected in the range on 0.2 to 0.6%. Hence, 9 experiments were planned based on range of these three variables with the help of Orthogonal Array method. Fig.7 Fig.8
6.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1232 Fig 9. Fig.7,8,9:Green sand Mould, Cup Pouring and Mould Pouring Table 1: Details of furnace charge mix along with spectroscopic analysis 150 kg (CRC) cold rolled steel scrap and 100kg foundry returns. The chemical compositions of raw materials were tested and reported in Table 1. The charge mix was melted in 300 kg capacity coreless medium frequency induction furnace. The molten metal was tapped into a preheated ladle of 300 kg capacity containing ferrosiliconmagnesiumalloygranulesofsize10–15mm at the bottom covered with steel scrap. The treatment was performed by sandwich method using steel punching to cover the magnesium alloy in a 300 kg treatment ladle. Same was used to take 300 kg of treated metal andpouritintothefirstmouldata temperature of 1400uC. Pouring temperature was maintained from1350uCto1400uC.Thiswasachievedbyadding finesized (2–6 mm) innoculant in the melt stream during pouring. A spectroscopy coin and one cup core attached to data logger using thermocouple were also poured at the same time. Then, copper was quickly added in the remaining metal in the ladle, stirred and poured into the second mould. In a similar manner, the third and fourth moulds were filled with molten metal with increasing amount of copper. The spectroscopy analysis of the coins was carried out (Bruker, model Q-4 Tasman), and the average values of three castings of each composition are shown in Table 2. Charge materials Amount Size/ Shape C Si Mn P S Mg Ca Al Ba Pig iron 50 kg Briquettes 4.3 1.55 0.12 0.05 0.027 … … … … Foundry returns 100 kg … 3.7 2.2 0.19 0.01 0.02 … …. …. … Steel scrap 150 kg Punching 0 0.038 0.14 0.01 0.017 … … … … Fe-Si-Mg 400g/ladle 10-15 mm … 46.55 … … … 5.89 1.25 0.9 … Innoculant 3.5 kg 2-6 mm … 73.52 … 0.04 0.003 … 0.2 1.07 2.02 Table 2 :Spectroscopy analysis C Si Mn P S Cu Mg Al Cr A 3.65 2.44 0.197 0.013 0.013 0.25 0.045 0.005 0.019 B 3.65 2.49 0.192 0.0156 0.0112 0.43 0.046 0.007 0.019 C 3.66 2.49 0.198 0.0135 0.0087 0.62 0.036 0.007 0.017
7.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 08 | Aug 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.34 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1233 3. CONCLUSION Defects in ductile iron manufactured in foundry for their grades are mainly decided by microstructure. Microstructure is decided by mainly section thickness & chemical composition of charge prepared. Summary of experimentation as follows. 1. A thermal analysis is very effective tool for understanding and controlling the melt qualityinductileironcastings.Nil under- cooling shows sufficient inoculation for a given composition and section thickness which avoids shrinkage. 2. Nodule count reduces with increase in casting thickness and increases with increase in copper addition (Cu = 0.62%) 3. Addition of copper in ductile iron improves nucleation, nodularity and reduces shrinkage. REFERENCES [1] Emadi D., Whiting L.V., Nafisi S. and Ghomashchi R. (2005)“Applications of Thermal Analysis in Quality Control of Solidification Processes”Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry,81,235-242. [2] White D.(2012)“Avoiding Shrinkage Defects and Maximizing Yield in Ductile Iron” AFS Proceedings American Foundry Society,Schaumburg,12,81,1-16. [3] Anjos A.(2015)“Use of Thermal Analysis to Control the Solidification Morphology of Nodular Cast Irons and Reduce Feeding Needs” M.Sc.Engg. Dissertation, University of Duisburg-Essen, 1-197. [4] Stefanescu D.M.(2015)“Thermal Analysis- Theory and Applications in Metalcasting”, International Journal of Metalcasting,9,1,1-17. [5] Biraje G.S., Jadhav D.M.,Shaikh A.M.(2016)“Study and ObservationofProcessParametersforSpheroidal Graphite(SG)Iron Casting”,International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering,3,1-4. [6] Udroiu A.(2002)“The Use of Thermal Analysis for Process Control of Ductile Iron”, NovaCast Seminar,1-19. [7] Cabanne P.M.(2006)“Thermal Analysis: A Useful Technique for the Foundryman”, Rio Tinto Technical Services,103,1-4. [8] Bhaskaran C.A., Wirth D.J.(2002)“Ductile Iron Shrinkage Evaluation through Thermal Analysis”,American Foundry Society,02-003,1-16. [9] Pedersen K.M., Tiedje N.(2006)“Solidification of Hypereutectic Thin Wall Ductile Cast Iron”,Materials Science Forum,508,63-68. [10] Seidu S.O., Riposan I.(2011)“Thermal Analysis of Inoculated Ductile Irons”,U.P.B. Science Bulletin,Series B,73,2,1-14.
Download now