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Design of Pre-Engineered Building (PEB) Structure
1.
© 2022, IRJET
| Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2227 Design of Pre-Engineered Building (PEB) Structure Mohd Aamir1, Ravinder2, Sheela Malik3 1 (M.tech Scholar) 2nd year, Department of Civil Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Jhajjar Haryana (India) 2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Jhajjar Haryana (India) 3Assitant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Jhajjar Haryana (India) ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Our project focuses on the designing of PEBs structure and the green building aspect of the structure. In India 67 million tons of food get wasted annually accounting for 92000 crores and being a developing country there will always be a need for an industrial structure for storing and other industrial activity. With the increasing demand for industrial sheds, the structures need to be designed fast and accurately. Any discrepancy and clash in the design of structure cause wastage and the use of BIM software can easily detect and solve such problems before the work even started. The PEB structure has 21,840 m3 and consists of non- prismatic members designed for bending moments at their respective nodes. The members are designed as per IS800 and connection as per AISC and IS. The project uses different software for designing such as ETABS, STAAD PRO, RAM CONNECTION and IDEASTAICA along with hand calculation following IS 875 parts 1, 2, and 3 for load calculation and IS 800 Key Words: Structure, Designing, Steel, Green Building, Pollution, wastage, BIM, Technology, software. 1. INTRODUCTION Advances in Technology make possible to design structure more accurately with least possible clashes with other aspects of the structure. This is now possiblewiththehelpof BIM and different software interoperability. With the growing demand of industry, housing sector,needofstorage units etc. The PEBs structure is intelligently design to take forces and can be constructedrapidly.ThePEBsplannedand members are fabricated in factory and only need to be assembled at site, this help in reducing construction time considerably. . The advantage of PEB structure is that it can be constructed quickly with lesser amount of material in weight being used. As all the members are fabricated in factory and members need to be transported so it also cost lesser in transportation charges and easier to reach places that are harder to reach. The greenhouse gases due to steel construction is lesser comparing to concrete construction and the need of framing for concreting, hydrating, and curing period is not required in steel construction. With the help of BIM and interoperability of different software to create and design structure we can reduce the wastage of material and time of construction. 1.1 OBJECTIVE & RESEARCH PROPOSAL In the project we studied that extent of integration possible using different software’s on one projects working on single point. We use ETABS to design members of structures and import the design file to STAAD Pro to design connection using RAM connection in STAAD pro. STAAD pro RAM connection only able to design generic connection inside STAAD PRO, so we used IDEASTATICA BIMLink to design connection from scratch using same design file 2. MATERIALS AND METHOD There are various types of methods available according to the Indian Standard code – Limit State Method (LSM) Working State Method (WSM) Load Factor Method (LFM) or Ultimate Load Method (ULM) Here LSM is used for member analysis. In philosophy, LSM is such that the structure safely carries all the load over its entire life span without failing. The structure is unfit when its collapses or violates the serviceability requirement such as cracking and deflections. With the probabilistic approach design, load and design strength are determined. This philosophical method, design structure in such a way that it remains fit for its entire design life remaining within acceptable limits of safety and serviceability requirements. We use LSM methodology to design the PEB structure. 2.1 DESIGN PRINCIPLE OF LIMIT STATE METHOD A well designed and well-planned structure has the least probability of its failure. The structure is designed based on the characteristic valuesofitsmaterial strengthsandapplied loads taking account of variation in materials property and International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2228 load to be supported. Design value is obtained by applying partial safety factors. The reliability of the design is expressed as Design Action (Qd) ≤ Design Strength ( ) The design action Qd is expressed as And, the design strength Sd is obtained as = Where, = characteristic load = ultimate strength = partial safety factor for loads. = partial safety factor for materials. 2.2 STRUCTURE SPECIFICATION – Table 1 - Structure specification 01 The span of the PEB 40 m 02 Spacing of the PEB frame 7.66 m 03 Height of column 5 m 04 Length of building 91.1 m 05 Rise of the PEB 7 m 06 Slope of the roof (ϴ ) 10 degree 07 Length along the sloping roof 20.1 m 08 Length of each panel (c/c spacing of purlin) 7.66 m 09 Spacing of gable from PEB frame 7.42 2.3 WIND LOAD CALCULATION Basic wind speed (Vb) = 33 m/s Design Wind speed ( ) is given by k1 = probability factor (risk coefficient) k2 = terrain, height and structure size factor k3 = topography factor k4 = Cyclonic Factor Vz = 33 m/s Design wind pressure ( Design Wind Pressure, Wind Directionality Factor, = 0.9 Clause 7.2.1 of IS 875 - Part 3 Area Averaging Factor, =0.80 Clause 7.2.2 of IS 875 - Part 3 Combination Factor, = 0.90 Clause 7.3.3.13 of IS 875 - Part 3 = 0.648 > 0.7 Design Wind Pressure, = 0.457 KN/m2 Pressure Coefficients: Area of the face = 455 Area of the opening = 44 Percentage Area of the Opening = 9.65% Encloser condition of the building = Partially Enclosed Enclosed 0.2 Partially Enclosed 0.5 Open 0.7 = 0.125 = 2.28 3/2 ≤ < 4 External PressureCoefficient – Usetable4fromIS:875part3 1987 2.4 MATERIAL REQUIRED Table 2 -Material List by Section Property Section Object Type No of Pieces Length Weight m kN member_ 700mm Beam 34 154.098 166.0928 mem_1_prismatic_ 800mm_to_700mm Beam 22 147.3982 173.1145 member_2_prismat_ 700mm_to_900mm Beam 22 147.3981 227.7299 Column 400mm Column 21 138.6 133.8249 Column middle Column 26 130 124.8399 member_3_900_to_ 700 Beam 22 73.6992 113.8653 ISMC Beam 104 791.54 273.43 ROD50 Beam 36 366.54 16.72 ROD50 Brace 12 109.83 5.08
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2229 3 RESULT Following are the design result on PEB structure 3.1 SUPPORT REACTION Table 3 - Support reaction Horizontal Vertical Moment KN-m Fx kN Fz kN Fy kN Mx My Mz Max Fx 88.44 0.084 130.07 0 0 0 Min Fx -88.43 0.083 130.10 0 0 0 Max Fy 0 0.001 313.436 0 0 0 Min Fy -0.04 -4.61 -6.452 0 0 0 Max Fz -0.015 14.723 21.973 0 0 0 Min Fz -0.024 -14.73 36.62 0 0 0 Max Mx 20.784 0.056 48.817 0 0 0 Min Mx 20.784 0.056 48.817 0 0 0 Max My 20.784 0.056 48.817 0 0 0 Min My 20.784 0.056 48.817 0 0 0 Max Mz 20.784 0.056 48.817 0 0 0 Min Mz 20.784 0.056 48.817 0 0 0 3.2 BEAM END FORCES Table 4 - Beam End Forces Fx kN Fy kN Fz kN Mx kN-m My kN-m Mz kN- m Max Fx 313.436 0 0.001 0 0 0 Min Fx -14.427 -0.017 0.149 -1.2 1.498 -0.215 Max Fy 57.543 158.13 0 - 0.001 -0.004 523.103 Min Fy 57.543 - 158.13 0 0.001 -0.004 523.105 Max Fz 0.839 4.892 5.04 0.038 -7.611 3.625 Min Fz 2.139 8.111 -5.04 - 0.038 9.273 9.017 Max Mx 0.697 6.392 2.116 1.923 8.024 3.288 Min Mx 0.957 -3.791 - 2.116 - 1.923 9.442 -0.124 Max My 0.418 3.837 - 0.406 1.409 14.448 1.97 Min My 0.699 6.372 0.408 - 1.409 -14.64 3.28 Max Mz 57.543 - 158.13 0 0.001 -0.004 523.105 Min Mz 150.85 72.991 0 0 0 - 364.957 3.3 DISPLACEMENT Table 5 - Displacement X mm Y mm Z mm Resulta nt mm rX rad rY rad rZ rad Max X 9.62 7 - 14.42 - 0.127 17.339 0 0 - 0.00 1 Min X - 9.62 - 14.42 - 0.128 17.34 0 0 0.00 1 Max Y - 5.56 8 2.513 0.012 6.109 0 0 0 Min Y 2.65 -24.5 -0.03 24.657 0 0 - 0.01 Max Z 0.00 3 - 0.037 29.56 1 29.561 0.00 4 0.00 2 0 Min Z 0.00 4 - 0.061 - 29.83 6 29.836 -0 -0 0 Max rX 1.2 - 10.48 7 5.231 11.781 0.04 6 0.00 5 - 0.00 1 Min rX 1.20 2 - 10.50 2 - 5.268 11.81 - 0.05 - 0.01 - 0.00 1 Max rY 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 0.05 1 - 0.00 1 Min rY 0 0 0 0 0.00 1 - 0.05 0.00 1 Max rZ 0.90 7 - 9.266 - 0.036 9.311 0 0 0.00 4 Min rZ - 0.91 - 9.264 - 0.036 9.309 0 0 - 0.00 4 Max Rst 0.00 4 - 0.061 - 29.83 6 29.836 -0 -0 0
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2230 Chart 1 – Tabulated plot Coordinates of Displacement 3.4 CONNECTION DESIGN Some of the connection are – 3.4.1 Apex Connection – Fig 1 – Apex type connection detail diagram Members Configuration Is apex : Yes Vertical angle (deg) : 0 Right beam Beams Beam type : Tapered member Beam section : Taper_7 Beam initial height : 699.999 mm Beam final height : 699.999 mm Beam length : 3.35 m Beam material : STEEL_275_NMM2 Moment - Flange and web welded Beam side Top flange weld type : Fillet Top beam flange weld: E70XX D1: Weld size to top beam flange (1/16in) : 4 Bottom flange weld type : Fillet Bottom beam flange weld : E70XX D3: Weld size to bottom beam flange (1/16in) : 4 Welding electrode to beam web: E70XX D2: Weld size to beam web (1/16in) : 3 Connecting plate tp: Thickness : 25.4 mm Material : A36 3.4.2 PURLIN CONNECTION Material Steel - E 165 (Fe 290) Project item - Purlin Connection Design Name - Purlin connection Analysis - Stress, strain/loads in equilibrium Table 6 – Load effects (forces in equilibrium) Name Mem N Vy Vz Mx My Mz LE1 M1 - 126.6 0.1 - 121 0 106.6 0 M2 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 LE2 M1 - 141.8 0.1 -91 0 47.1 0 M2 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 Table 7 - Summary of purlin connection result Name Value Check status Analysis 100.00% OK Plates 0.0 < 5.0% OK Welds 0.6 < 100% OK Buckling Not calculated Fig 2 – Purlin connection
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2231 Fig 3 – Purlin connection equivalentstresscheckforloadLE1 3.4.3 APEX CONNECTION Fig 4 – Apex connection detail Members Configuration Is apex : Yes Vertical angle (deg) : 0 Right beam Beams Beam type : Tapered member Beam section : Taper_7 Beam initial height : 699.999 mm Beam final height : 699.999 mm Beam length : 3.35 m Beam material : STEEL_275_NMM2 Moment - Flange and web welded Beam side Top flange weld type : Fillet Top beam flange weld: E70XX D1: Weld size to top beam flange (1/16in): 4 Bottom flange weld type : Fillet Bottom beam flange weld : E70XX D3: Weld size to bottom beam flange (1/16in): 4 Welding electrode to beam web : E70XX D2: Weld size to beam web (1/16in) : 3 Connecting plate tp: Thickness : 25.4 mm Material : A36 3.4.4 BEAM COLUMN FLANGE CONNECTION Fig 5 – Beam Column Flange (BCF) connection type Fig 6 – Beam Column Flange (BCF) connection type detail Members Configuration Is apex : Yes Vertical angle (deg) : 0 Right beam Beams Beam type : Tapered member Beam section : Taper_7 Beam initial height : 699.999 mm Beam final height : 699.999 mm Beam length : 3.35 m Beam material : STEEL_275_NMM2 Moment - Flange and web welded Beam side Top flange weld type : Fillet Top beam flange weld: E70XX D1: Weld size to top beam flange (1/16in): 4 Bottom flange weld type : Fillet Bottom beam flange weld : E70XX
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2232 D3: Weld size to bottom beam flange (1/16in): 4 Welding electrode to beam web: E70XX D2: Weld size to beam web (1/16in): 3 Connecting plate tp: Thickness : 25.4 mm Material : A36 Members Configuration Exists opposite connection: No Beam General Beam section : Taper_7 Beam material : STEEL_275_NMM2 Beam initial height : 699.999 mm Beam final height : 699.999 mm Beam length : 6.7 m Vertical angle (deg) : 5.711 Include flange stiffener: No Column General Support section : Taper_2 Support material : STEEL_275_NMM2 Support initial depth : 749.999 mm Support final depth : 399.999 mm Support length : 5 m End plate Connector Plate extension: Extended external edge Width : 203.2 mm tp: Plate thickness : 6.35 mm Plate material : A36 Fy : 0.248 kN/mm2 Fu : 0.4 kN/mm2 Hole type on plate : Standard (STD) Flush extension length: 25.4 mm Plate alignment : Vertical alignment Weld External flange weld type: Fillet Weld to external flange: E70XX D1: Weld size to external flange (1/16in): 3 Internal flange weld type : Fillet Weld to internal flange : E70XX D3: Weld size to internal flange (1/16in): 3 Web weld : E70XX D2: Weld size to web (1/16in): 3 Bolts tp: Connection plate thickness: 6.35 mm Bolts: 1/2" A325 N g: Gage - transverse c/c spacing: 139.7 mm Hole type : Standard (STD) Lev: Vertical edge distance : 31.75 mm Leh: Horizontal edge distance : 31.75 mm Bolt group (external extension) pfo t: Distance from bolt rows to flange: 31.75 mm Bolt group (external flange) Bolts rows number : 1 pfi t: Distance from bolt rows to flange : 31.75 mm Bolt group (internal flange) Bolts rows number : 1 pfi b: Distance from bolt rows to flange: 31.75 mm Fig 7 – Beam Column Flange (BCF) connection detail Transverse stiffeners Section : PL 12.7x76.2x727.65 Full depth : Yes Length : 727.649 mm bs: Transverse stiffeners width: 76.2 mm cc: Corner clips : 19.05 mm ts: Transverse stiffener thickness: 12.7 mm Material : AS_Class 4.6 Weld type : Fillet Welding electrode to support : AS E41XX D: Weld size to support (1/16 in) : 3 3.4.5 BRACING CONNECTION Fig 8 – Bracing connection
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2233 Fig 9 – Bracing connection detail Members Existing members Right beam : No Left beam : No Upper right brace : Yes Upper left brace : No Lower left brace : No Lower right brace : No Align beams to top edge: No Bracing cleat assembly: No Column General Column section : Taper_2 Column material : STEEL_275_NMM2 Column orientation : Transversal Is column end : No Upper right brace General Section : Cir 0.05_0 Material : Q345 Slope angle (degrees) : 33.11 Additional vertical force: 0 kN Additional geometric data wpx: WP horizontal displacement: 0 mm wpy: WP vertical displacement: 0 mm Le: Minimum distance to other members: 25 mm Le1: Left distance : 25 mm Le2: Right distance : 25 mm Interfaces Upper right brace Gusset General tg: Thickness: 20 mm Material : E 250 A LV: Length on column: 324.458 mm Gusset-to-Brace connection General Connection type: Bolted Bolts : M_20 G8_8 Hole type : STD Hole type on gusset : STD np: Number of rows of bolts longitudinally: 2 nc: Number of lines of bolts transversely: 1 sp: Longitudinal bolt spacing : 70 mm ae1: Longitudinal distance to edge: 45 mm ae3: Transverse distance to edge: 45 mm Material : E 250 A t: Thickness: 5 mm Setback : 20 mm Weld : E 49 Weld size : 5 mm Weld length : 100 mm Weld clearance: 5 mm Gusset-to-Column connection General Connection type to column: Directly welded Directly welded Welding electrode : E 49 Weld size : 6 mm 3.4.6 BASE PLATE Fig 10 – Base plate connection detail Members Column Section : Taper_2 Material : STEEL_275_NMM2
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2234 Longitudinal offset : 0 mm Transversal offset : 0 mm Connector Base plate Connection type : Unstiffened Position on the support: Center N: Depth : 460 mm D: Gross width : 610 mm tp: Thickness : 6 mm Material : E 250 A Column weld : E 41 s: Column weld size : 3 mm Override A1/A2 ratio : No Shear key type : None Support With pedestal : No Longitudinal dimension : 2500 mm Transversal dimension : 2500 mm Thickness : 500 mm Material : M40 Include grouting : No Cover : 70 mm Anchor Anchor position : Transversal position Rows number per side : 1 Anchors per row : 2 Longitudinal edge distance on the plate: 50 mm Transverse edge distance on the plate : 50 mm Head type : Hexagonal Include lock nut : No Anchor : M-8 Effective embedment depth : 150 mm Total length : 166.56 mm Material : Class 8.8 Fy : 640 N/mm2 Fu : 800 N/mm2 Splitting Failure : No Cracked concrete : No Non-ductile steel : No Fasteners welded to base plate: No Lever arm : No Anchor supplementary reinforcement Tension reinforcement: No Shear reinforcement : No Fig 11 – Base plate connection 3.5 RENDER VIEW Fig 13 - Shear diagram of the structure DISCUSSION – We are able to design the structure and connection by codal provision and preliminary data. With the use of Etabs and Staad Pro we designed members of the structures and Fig 12 – Render view of the PEB structure by STAAD pro 3.6 SHEAR DIAGRAM OF THE STRUCTURE
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2235 connection with the help of RAM connection and IdeaStatica. The data of model is transferred from one software to other with help of IFC file or plugins. Both the methods for transferring the data isn’t completely successful in our case and some of the members need to redesign for further designing. CONCLUSION – The structureis prefabricated and it is only assembledonthe site. The structure is pre planned according to the site conditions, wind conditions, earthquake forces, MEP loads and temperature stresses. Once the planning of structure is completed, the member is fabricated in the factory and assembled on the site requiring lesser time and fewer man power. Accuracy The member and connection are designed specifically for each node and use of Ram connection and Ideastaticaconnectioncandesignedtheconnectiontohighest accuracy. The software designed file can be shared with various software using plugin. The file shared contain designed data from parent software which cannowintegrate with other data on other software like Revit to create highly accurate 3d Model. Low wastage the PEBs structure after designing is fabricated in a factory part by part and only requisite amount of material is cut from bigger sheet of rolls to form a fabricated member of a PEBandthescrapsfromthe sheets can be collected for recycling. The structure is prefabricated and it is only assembled on the site. The structure is pre planned according to the site conditions, wind conditions, earthquake forces, MEP loads and temperature stresses. Once the planning of structure is completed, the member is fabricated in the factory and assembled on the site requiring lesser time and fewer man power. Accuracy The member and connection are designed specifically for each node and use of Ram connection and Ideastatica connection can designed the connection to highest accuracy. The software designed file can be shared with various software using plugin. The file shared contain designed data from parent software which can now integrate with other data on other software like Revit to create highly accurate 3d Model. REFERENCES [1] Geeta Mehta, Bidhan Sharma and Anuj Kumar, (2016) Optimization of Member Size and Materials for Multistoried RCC Buildings using ETABS [2] T.Subramani and K.Murali (2018) Analytical Study of Tall Building with Outtrigger System with Respect to Seismic and Wind Analysis Using ETABS [3] Guangfeng Wang (2014) Research on ETABS Steel Tower a Top Building Structural System [4] K. Surender Kumar, N.Lingeshwaran, Syed Hamim Jeelani (2020) Analysis of residential building with STAAD. Pro & ETABS [5] Yonghe Wua, Jianchun Mub, ShengqiangLicandHuifeng Xi (2011) Dynamic Response AnalysisonSteel-Concrete Composite Frame Based on ETABS [6] Yongwei SHAN, Paul GOODRUM, Carl HAAS, and Carlos CALDAS (2012) Assessing Productivity Improvementof Quick Connection Systems in the Steel Construction Industry Using Building Information Modeling (BIM) [7] Nitin K. Dewani, Sanjay Bhadke (2018) STUDY OF PRE- ENGINEERED BUILDING, IRJET [8] Mr. Vaibhav Thorat, Mr. Samyak Parekar 2022 Pre Engineering Building as a Modern Era: A Review, IJRASET [9] Mitaali Jayant Gilbile, S. S. Mane (2020) A Review on Comparative Study on the Structural Analysis and Design of Pre-Engineered Building [PEB] with Conventional Steel Building [CSB], IJERT [10] Angela Acree Guggemos, A.M.ASCE; and Arpad Horvath, A.M.ASCE (2005) Comparison of Environmental Effects of Steel- and Concrete-Framed Buildings BIOGRAPHIES Mohd Aamir, M.Tech, Department of Civil Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Jhajjar Haryana, (INDIA) Email.Id: aamir.ahmed433@gmail.com Ravinder, Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Jhajjar Haryana, (INIA) Email.Id: ravinderpanwar7043@gmail.com
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International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 2236 Sheela Malik, Assistant Professor, DepartmentD of Civil Enginnering, Ganga Institute of Technology and Management, Jhajjar Haryana, (INDIA) Email.Id: sheelamalik2209@gmail.com
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