Intelligent Solar Water Pump Monitoring Using IoT

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1635
An Intelligent Solar water pump monitoring system using IOT
technology
Nidhi Sharma1, Yogesh Shejwal2
1Btech student , National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology , Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
2Senior Project Engineer, National Institute of Electronics & Information Technology, Aurangabad, Maharashtra,
India
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ABSTRACT -Indian economy is 70% dependent on
agriculture. Nowadays for irrigating fields farmers are
shifting from non renewable methods of power generation
to renewable methods of power generation. Basically we
are shifting our focus to Solar energy. At present most of
the agriculture field is having solar water pumps to water
their crops. This article is based on intelligent monitoring
of the solar water pumping stations using IOT technology.
The monitoring system has been developed by modifying
the controller by providing a proper feedback mechanism
to maintain constant temperature. In this we are
integrating outputs obtained from the sensors which are
implanted on the PV panels , controller and water pump to
the ESP-32 micro controller board . The main controller
unit integrates with software , gather all data from every
modules and with the help of GSM module display on the
administrators mobile phone whether the motor is ON or
OFF .If the motor is off it will tell which subsystem is faulty
. This will help the administrator to inspect the pumping
system without being physically present there.The system
can be modified further to connect large areas.
KEYWORDS: Solar, water pump, solar pump, monitoring
system, PV panel
1. INTRODUCTION
Solar water pumps is an attractive technology to
supply water. These pumps can supply water to locations
which are beyond the reach of power lines.In general such
places rely on human or animal power which can not fulfill
the crop water requirement properly Solar water pumps is
a socially and environmentally . Sometimes they rely on
diesel engines resulting in environmental pollution. Even
using natural gas based engines was a problem due to its
periodic maintenance. Solar water pumps can replace the
current pump systems and result in both socioeconomic
benefits as well as climate related benefits.
This system consists of PV panels, system
controller, water pumps of different kinds, and water tank.
A solar water pump system is basically an electrical pump
system in which the electricity is provided by one or
several Photo Voltaic (PV) panels. This solar panel array
output is fed to the controller which in turn will regulate
certain parameters and its output is use to power the
electric motor which in turn powers a water pump.
Two main types of solar water pump technology:
1) Centrifugal pump: It uses high speed rotation to suck
water through the middle of the pump. When it is
operating at low power the performance of the pump
drops drastically . This makes it less suitable for solar
applications.
Example- Conventional Alternating Current(AC) pumps.
2) The positive displacement pump : This type of pump
uses a piston to transfer water. Many solar water pumps
use the positive displacement pump, which brings water
into a chamber and then forces it out using a piston or
helical screw.
They generally pump slower than other types of
pumps , but have good performance under low power
conditions and can achieve high lift compared to
centrifugal pump.
A solar pump is considered of good quality only if
it’s efficiency is high.
Efficiency of the pump is defined as water
pumped per watt of electricity used.
Two types of pump exist :
Suitability of the type depends on the type of
source of water :
a) Submersible pumps: In the case of a well , the pump
needs to be placed under water. This type is expensive as
compared to the surface pumps.
b) Surface pumps: It can be placed at the side of a lake or,
in the case of a floating pump, on top of water source.
These are less expensive but they are not well suited for
suction and can only draw water from about 6.5 meters of
vertical height.

2. Literature Survey:
Conclusion drawn after going through various
research papers:
1) Monitoring system for 5kW solar pumping system:
What’s new: A system for recording the performance of
solar pumping system consisting of various sensors such
as voltage /current/power temperature/flow rate. The
system also includes data display and export to
communication devices.
Conclusion: After installing the monitoring system , the
user can easily check the system status and parameter and
not necessary to measure data by themselves .The system
can report information to user directly. User can plan
service/ maintenance while they are in office.
2) Developing monitoring system for solar water
pump based on wireless sensor network:
What’s new: Monitoring solar pump using RF transmitter
and GPRS cellular network and sharing the data on a cloud
server.
Conclusion: The monitoring system based on wireless
sensor network consists of Sensor Node Series and Sensor
Gateway Series. Data transmission between sensors uses
an RF transmitter while an internet connection uses GPRS
cellular networks. The monitoring results are displayed
through the internet network on a predetermined cloud
server.
3) Solar water pumping system using IOT monitoring
system:
What’s new:
Unique design for moisture sensing of fields.
Conclusion:
The research paper has executed the complete design and
operation of IOT based automatic water pump controller
from the engineering perspective and created an enhanced
water pump controller integrated with sensors having
significant improvement in moisture sensing which makes
the design very unique.
3. HARDWARE INTERFACES:
3.1 ESP-32
Fig1: ESP-32 module
A feature rich microcontroller with inbuilt Bluetooth and
Wi-Fi module. Below mentioned are some of the
properties related to ESP-32:
1) Robust Design:
ESP32 can function efficiently in industrial
environments, with an operating temperature ranging
from –40°C to +125°C. It is powered by advanced
calibration circuitries. This module can easily adapt to
changes in external environment and can remove external
circuit imperfections if any.
2) Ultra-Low Power Consumption:
This module is basically engineered for mobile
devices, wearable electronics and IoT applications.With
the help of certain proprietary software it is designed such
that it consumes ultra -low power. It also includes state-of-
the-art features, such as fine-grained clock gating, various
power modes as well as dynamic power scaling.
3) ESP32 is integration of in-built antenna switches,
power amplifier,power management modules and filters.
4) ESP32 can perform as a complete standalone system
or as a slave device to a host MCU, reducing
communication stack overhead on the main application
processor. ESP32 can interface with other systems to
provide Wi-Fi and Bluetooth functionality through its
I2C ,UART or SPI , SDI interfaces.

3.1 GSM module:
Figure:2 GSM SIM-900 module
The SIM900 shield packs a surprising amount of
features into its little frame. Some of them are listed below:
1) It supports Quad-band: GSM850, EGSM900, DCS1800
and PCS1900.
2) We can connect onto any global GSM network with any
available 2G SIM.
3) With the help of external earphone it can make and
receive calls.
4) Send and receive SMS messages
5) Send and receive GPRS data (TCP/IP, HTTP, etc.)
6) Scan and receive FM radio broadcasts
7)It can transmit power, below are the two classes based
on power:
 Class 1 (1W) for DCS1800
 Class 4 (2W) for GSM850
8) It is having serial-based AT Command Set
9) Contains connectors such as U.FL and SMA for cell
antenna.
10) It accepts full size SIM cards.
3.2 Water Pumps
reservoirs , underground or other natural water resources.
It basically controls the speed of the water and is
incredibly used in conserving water.
4. SOFTWARE INTERFACES
4.1 Arduino Software( IDE)
Arduino software has text editor which is used
for writing codes and programs , which are known as
sketches. These sketches along with the extension ‘.ino’
are stored at a standard place called sketchbook . After
completion of programming part IDE software compile
and upload the program on the microcontroller (here ESP-
32). IDE is also used as simulator for some application.
5. SYSTEM DESIGN
The IOT based remote controlled solar water
pump consist of number of sensors, water pump, system
controller connected with the micro controller(ESP-
32) .This system is operated through PV panels.
Communication can take place either through Bluetooth or
Wi-Fi as ESP-32 is both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth enabled.
Micro-controller output is fed to the GSM module. After
receiving the signal through the GSM module
administrator can inspect that particular solar water
pumping station.
By providing a proper feedback to the system
controller we will be able to maintain a constant
temperature through the system controller which will
resolve one issue due to which pump can be off . This
technique will save the repair cost. No human involvement
required for such issue. Voltage and current sensor will
help to maintain constant temperature whereas
temperature sensor for maintaining constant temperature
specially across the system controller.
Connection of every subsystem to the ESP-32
micro controller will ease out the inspection work through
Figure:3 Water pumps
It is an essential tool to pump out water from the

which administrator will decide which subsystem is faulty.
If the Pump will be off it will be displayed on his phone
which subsystem is not producing output . If system
controller is not producing output we will get to know the
wire across that portion is cut . If this happens with water
pump then the administrator will check whether it is
getting output from the system controller or not.
This clears how involving IOT will make the solar water
pump monitoring system more efficient.
Fig-4 Block diagram of system
Fig-4:Working model of system
Fig-6: Flowchart of system
8. CONCLUSION
With the help of the proposed system we can
reduce the human involvement. This system will help the
administrator to remotely inspect the site without
physical appearance. Using Internet Of Things will even
reduce the inspection cost making it an ease for the
farmers or the solar pump users. As earlier they were
bearing double the cost since administrators first used to
visit the site for inspecting the problem then they again
come for resolving the issue and bring the needy
equipment’s to resolve the problem. This kind of
monitoring will provide the fields with sufficient amount
of water for the respective crops.
7. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all I would like to thank GOD for letting me
through all the difficulties. I have experienced your
guidance day by day. I will keep trusting on you
throughout my journey.
The completion of this undertaking was a mix
effort of so many people . Without their love and immense
support this would have been impossible. I am sincerely
thankful to my Guide Mr Yogesh Shejwal sir for his support
and belief in me. I express my deep sense of gratitude

towards my elder sister, guardian and my parents for
being constant pillar of support through every ups and
downs, for teaching me to work hard and being patient
which has enabled me to come so far.
8. REFERENCES
[1]. S.S. Chandel , M. Nagaraju Naik, and R .Chandel,
“Review of solar photovoltaic water pumping system
technology for irrigation and community drinking water
supplies,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
2015.
[2]. IEA (International Energy Agency) 2010. Technology
Road map - Solar photovoltaic energy
[3] IPCC 2010. Special Report on Renewable Energy
Sources and Climate Change Mitigation, In Press.
[4]. NYSERDA, (2004). Guide to Solar Powered Water
Pumping Systems in New York State. New York State
Energy Research and Development Authority.
BIOGRAPHIES
Nidhi Sharma
B.Tech, NIELIT Aurangabad,
Maharashtra, India.
Yogesh Shejwal
Senior Project Engineer, NIELIT
Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.

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