The document discusses Carl Jung's theory of psychological types and how it relates to personality types. Specifically, it covers how human behavior is patterned according to two cognitive preferences - how we take in information (by sensing or intuiting) and how we make decisions (by thinking or feeling). These preferences combined with whether we are extroverted or introverted lead to 16 possible personality types. The document provides examples to illustrate how someone with a given combination of preferences may approach tasks differently than someone with a different combination.