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KULIAH 
UMUM 
TENTANG 
PERUBAHAN 
IKLIM 
“SCIENCE 
TO 
POLICY 
TO 
INVESTMENTS” 
1. Renewed 
PerspecAve: 
How 
to 
AFract 
Renewable 
Energy 
Investments 
Feasibility 
Study: 
Crop 
to 
Energy 
2. Crop 
to 
Energy 
on 
Degraded 
Land: 
A 
Step 
toward 
Energy 
Independence, 
Carbon 
Sink 
Agriculture 
and 
ProtecAon 
of 
REDD+ 
Designated 
Areas 
Artissa Panjaitan 
Low Emission Development Strategies 
Bandung 
26 April 2014
PENINGKATAN 
NYATA 
KANDUNGAN 
CO2 
DALAM 
ATMOSFIR 
è 
ANCAMAN 
PADA 
PENINGKATAN 
SUHU 
BUMI 
> 
2⁰ 
C 
Maksimum 400 – 450 ppm CO2 , T ≤ 2⁰ 
Penemuan Mesin 
Uap oleh James Watt 
C 
Industrialisasi 
Penyebab Utama: 
Permintaan Energi 
Transportasi dan Listrik
TINDAKAN 
UTAMA 
MENGURANGI 
EMISI 
CO2 
KE 
ATMOSFIR 
• Efisiensi Pemakaian Energi 
• Daur Ulang 
• Energi Terbarukan, Gas Alam & Nuklir 
• Mengurangi Perubahan Pemakaian Lahan 
• Menangkap CO2 (Sequestration)
STATUS 
KOMERSIALISASI 
TEKNOLOGI 
UTAMA 
BIO-­‐ENERGI 
Sumber: Dimodifikasi dari Bauen, et al., 2009
Renewed Perspective 
How to Attract Renewable Energy Investments 
Feasibility Study: Crop to Energy
KONSEP 
STRATEGIS: 
LISTRIK 
UNTUK 
SELURUH 
WILAYAH 
INDONESIA 
Tantangan paling sulit setelah 70 tahun merdeka: 
• Sekitar 15 juta KK tanpa sambungan listrik. 
• Wialayah berpenduduk jarang dan di daerah terpencil, termasuk kepulauan (ada yang hanya 
berpenduduk 15 – 20 ribu) dan sebagian Konsumen memiliki daya beli yang lemah. 
• Tawaran Public-Private Partnership yang tidak menarik. 
• è PERTUMBUHAN dengan “Minimal atau Tanpa Subsidi” and “Rendah Emisi”
KONSEP 
STRATEGIS: 
MANFAAT 
LISTRIK 
UNTUK 
SELURUH 
INDONESIA 
Indonesia: Tingkat Kelistrikan 
(100% = 61,105,458) 
75% 25% 
Konsumsi Rata-rata: 
= 1561 kWh/year/HH 
= 4.3 kWh/day/HH 
Teraliri Listrik Tanpa Listrik 
46,220,000 HH 
Negara Penduduk 
(juta) 
≈ 14,886,000 KK 
≈ 60 juta WNI 
GDP(PPP)/Kapita 
(US$) 
kWh 
Harian/Kapita 
GDP(PPP)/kWh 
(US$) 
Thailand 66 8,318 6.2 3.7 
Vietnam 87 2,782 2.4 3.2 
Philippines 98 3,425 1.7 5.2 
Indonesia 240 3,821 1.7 6.1 
China 1,339 5,969 7.0 2.3 
Japan 127 34,173 23.3 4.0 
USA 307 47,036 39.3 3.3 
Germany 82 35,671 20.6 4.7 
Global 6,784 10,325 8.2 3.5 
* Sumber: 2012 Statistik PLN; IEA, PBB & Analsisi ICCC. 
Persoalan Nasional Kelistrikan: 
• Pendidikan 
• Kesehatan 
• Layanan Kesehatan 
• Telekomunikasi 
• Kantor Pemerintahan 
• Kesatuan/Keamanan Nasional 
Produksi listrik 
berhubungan 
langsung dengan: 
1. Daya saing 
ekonomi, 
2. Perbaikan 
penghasilan, 
3. Keamanan 
Nasional.
PERILAKU 
PERMINTAAN 
LISTRIK 
DI 
DAERAH 
TERPENCIL 
SEBAGAI 
PERTIMBANGAN 
DAYA 
TARIK 
INVESTASI 
ENERGI 
TERBARUKAN 
Tata Kelola dari Sumber Feedstock 
KONSEP 
DASAR 
Bahan Baku 
Energi Yang 
dibeli dari 
masyarakat 
17.9% 
41.6% 
84.8% 
100% 
90% 
80% 
70% 
60% 
50% 
40% 
30% 
20% 
10% 
0% 
Jaminan Kinerja: 
• Kapasitas awal untuk siang 
hari 
• Pertumbuhan untuk layanan 
publik Kegiatan Ekonomi y 
Jaminan Kinerja 
100% di malam 
hari 
Discount Harga(?) Harga Normal Harga Premium (?) 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TANAMAN 
RUMPUT 
GAJAH 
VAR. 
TAIWAN 
DENGAN 
TEKNOLOGI 
PEMBANGKIT 
LISTRIK 
TENAGA 
BIOMASSA 
@ 
US$ 
3 
JUTA/MW 
2.700 
2.600 
2.500 
2.400 
2.300 
2.200 
2.100 
2.000 
1.900 
1.800 
Year Price 
1 2 3 4 5 6 
1 
MW 
Without 
Incentive 
50% 60% 70% 75% 80% 85% 
2,600 
2,225 
60% 70% 75% 80% 85% 
2,400 
2,070 
70% 75% 80% 85% 
2,250 
1,980 
75% 80% 85% 
2,200 
1,920 
80% 85% 
2,150 
1,885 
85% 
2,130 
1,865 
Capacity 
Utilization 
45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 
Price (IDR/kWh) 
Capacity 
Utilization 
5 
MW 
With 
Incentive 
1 
MW 
without 
incentive 1 
MW 
with 
incentive 3 
MW 
with 
incentive 5 
MW 
with 
incentive
Crop to Energy on Degraded Land: 
A Step toward Energy Independence, Carbon 
Sink Agriculture and Protection of REDD+ 
Designated Areas
45,000 
40,000 
35,000 
30,000 
25,000 
20,000 
15,000 
10,000 
5,000 
0 
Indonesia 
Oil 
& 
Gas 
Trade 
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 
Export Import 
million 
US$ 
Indonesia 
Fuel 
Import 
Components 
38.6 36.8 44.4 53.7 64.8 78.8 
97.1 
90.0 
67.5 
76.9 
76.4 52.9 
66.2 
60.9 
36.2 
27.5 
28.2 23.0 
21.1 
16.9 
12.3 
180 
160 
140 
120 
100 
80 
60 
40 
20 
0 
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 
Others IDO ADO Gasoline 
million 
barrel/year 
164.8 
131.7 
149.5 153.1 
138.8 
161.8 
170.2 
MENCARI 
PENGGANTI 
BENSIN 
UNTUK 
MENGURANGI 
DEFISIT 
PERDAGANGAN 
MINYAK 
& 
GAS 
• Defisit Neraca Perdagangan Minyak & Gas Indonesia dipicu oleh tingginya permintaan 
impor bensin (pertumbuhan rata-rata 16.6% per tahun selama 2005 – 2011). 
• Tahun 2012, defisit Minyak & Gas mencapai US$ 5.6 M dan mencapai US$ 10 M di 2013. 
• Penguranagn impor Bensin dan pengurangan emisi dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa 
insiatif: Efisiensi, Konversi ke Gas Alam, Konversi ke Bio-ethanol.
KETENTUAN 
CAMPURAN 
ETHANOL 
DALAM 
BAHAN 
BAKAR 
BENSIN 
DI 
INDONESIA 
HARUS 
DIIKUTI 
DENGAN 
KETERSEDIAAN 
LAHAN 
Bioethanol 
Sector 2008 2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 
Bioethanol 
for 
Transportation 
Public 
Service 
Obligatio3n% 
(PSO) 1% 3% 5% 10% 15% 
Bioethanol 
for 
Transportation 
Non 
-­‐ 
PSO 5% 5% 7% 10% 12% 15% 
Bioethanol 
for 
Industry 5% 7% 10% 12% 15% 
Biodiesel 
Sector 2008 2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 
Biodiesel 
for 
Transportation 
Public 
Service 
Obligation1 
(%PSO) 1% 2.5% 5% 10% 20% 
Biodiesel 
for 
Transportation 
Non 
-­‐ 
PSO 1% 3% 7% 10% 20% 
Biodiesel 
for 
Industry 2.5% 2.5% 5% 10% 15% 20% 
Biodiesel 
for 
Electricity 0.1% 0.25% 1% 10% 15% 20% 
108 12 5 4 5 
203 10 12 11 
12 
1,121 1,503 
662 735 762 790 816 
2,057 2,124 2,192 2,262 2,334 
9,180 
1,600 
1,400 
1,200 
1,000 
800 
600 
400 
200 
0 
12,000 
10,000 
8,000 
6,000 
4,000 
2,000 
0 
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Total 
Years 
DL Area Demand New Production Current Production 
‘000 ha 
‘000 liters 
Tersedia tanah yang cukup untuk 
mendukung kebijakan biofuel tetapi perlu 
dukungan pemerintah untuk menjaga 
daya saing industri melalui kepastian 
hukum.
KETENTUAN 
CAMPURAN 
ETHANOL 
DALAM 
BAHAN 
BAKAR 
BENSIN 
DI 
INDONESIA 
HARUS 
DIIKUTI 
DENGAN 
KETERSEDIAAN 
LAHAN 
8.8 
12.56 
9.72 
8.12 
4.17 
16.1 
3.52 
6.27 
7.84 
9.27 
6.97 
17.26 
0.92 
2.72 2.35 
3.52 
1.92 
10.6 
0.31 0.53 0.68 1.09 0.8 
1.86 
20.0 
18.0 
16.0 
14.0 
12.0 
10.0 
8.0 
6.0 
4.0 
2.0 
0.0 
Sanctuary 
Reserve+Nature 
Conservation 
Area 
Protection 
Forest Limited 
Production 
Forest 
Fixed 
Production 
Forest 
Convertible 
Production 
Forest 
Other 
Land 
Use 
(Non 
Forest 
Area) 
Potentially 
Critical Slightly 
Critical Critical Very 
Critical 
Million 
ha 
Degraded Land Use for bio-ethanol 
in- and outside-forest areas 
• Hutan Produksi “Kritis” dan “Konversi” saja cukup untuk 
menyediakan keperluan lahan untuk memenuhi sasaran 
campuran BBM yang ditetapkan Pemerintah RI. 
• Tetapi, kecocokan lahan dengan kondisi sosial masyarakat dan 
perusahaan akan menentukan penerapannya.
TERSEDIA 
2.1 
JUTA 
HA 
LAHAN 
DI 
6 
PROPINSI 
INDONESIA 
DARI 
1.6 
JUTA 
HA 
YANG 
DIPERLUKAN 
DL in Convertible Forest Areas by Province 
723,281 
692,883 
350,432 
Province 
132,794 
102,976 
99,794 
85,618 
47,099 
34,312 
22,660 
14,035 
9,646 
7,652 
4,533 
2,638 
2,349 
- 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 
Papua 
Central Kalimantan 
Riau 
Maluku 
North Maluku 
Riau Island 
West Papua 
Screening Criteria 
South Kalimantan 
West Sumatera 
South East Sulawesi 
West Kalimantan 
NTT 
South Sumatera 
North Sumatera 
West Sulawesi 
Central Sulawesi 
ha 
Degraded 
Land 
Carbon 
≤ 35tonC/Ha 
Non Peat 
Flat area (<25%) 
Outside existing 
Plantation 
Outside new 
granted license
KETENTUAN 
CAMPURAN 
BBM 
BISA 
MEMBUAT 
INDONESIA 
MENJADI 
PENGEKSPOR 
BIO-­‐ETHANOL 
ATAU 
TERPAKSA 
MENJADI 
IMPORTIR 
% of Fuel Consumption 
22% 
20% 
18% 
16% 
14% 
12% 
10% 
8% 
6% 
India (5%) 
4% 
2% 
0% 
U.S (10%) 
Biofuel Consumption 
per Capita (liters) 
Brazil (18-20%) 
European Union 
(5 (Current) - 10% (2020 
Target))4) 
Australia (4%) 
Canada (5%) 
Thailand (17% 
(2021 Target))2 
China 
(10%) 
Colombia 
(10%) 
Indonesia (3-7%(2010 
Minimum Requirement))3) 
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 
Note: 1) As of 2012, unless stated otherwise; 2) Thailand 2021 Blending Mandates is calculated using the 2021’s 9 Million liter/day consumption target. In 2021, 
Biofuel production of 24 Million liter per day is expected to replace 44% of Fossil Fuel Consumption; 3) 2010 minimum Biofuel blend mandates as regulated by the 
Ministry of Energy & Mineral Resources; 4) European Union blending mandates are Biofuel blending mandates 
Indonesia harus mampu mengadopsi kebijakan dari negara yang 
berhasil agar industrinya mampu bersaing di pasar internasional.
Terima Kasih

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20140426 plcc leds

  • 1. KULIAH UMUM TENTANG PERUBAHAN IKLIM “SCIENCE TO POLICY TO INVESTMENTS” 1. Renewed PerspecAve: How to AFract Renewable Energy Investments Feasibility Study: Crop to Energy 2. Crop to Energy on Degraded Land: A Step toward Energy Independence, Carbon Sink Agriculture and ProtecAon of REDD+ Designated Areas Artissa Panjaitan Low Emission Development Strategies Bandung 26 April 2014
  • 2. PENINGKATAN NYATA KANDUNGAN CO2 DALAM ATMOSFIR è ANCAMAN PADA PENINGKATAN SUHU BUMI > 2⁰ C Maksimum 400 – 450 ppm CO2 , T ≤ 2⁰ Penemuan Mesin Uap oleh James Watt C Industrialisasi Penyebab Utama: Permintaan Energi Transportasi dan Listrik
  • 3. TINDAKAN UTAMA MENGURANGI EMISI CO2 KE ATMOSFIR • Efisiensi Pemakaian Energi • Daur Ulang • Energi Terbarukan, Gas Alam & Nuklir • Mengurangi Perubahan Pemakaian Lahan • Menangkap CO2 (Sequestration)
  • 4. STATUS KOMERSIALISASI TEKNOLOGI UTAMA BIO-­‐ENERGI Sumber: Dimodifikasi dari Bauen, et al., 2009
  • 5. Renewed Perspective How to Attract Renewable Energy Investments Feasibility Study: Crop to Energy
  • 6. KONSEP STRATEGIS: LISTRIK UNTUK SELURUH WILAYAH INDONESIA Tantangan paling sulit setelah 70 tahun merdeka: • Sekitar 15 juta KK tanpa sambungan listrik. • Wialayah berpenduduk jarang dan di daerah terpencil, termasuk kepulauan (ada yang hanya berpenduduk 15 – 20 ribu) dan sebagian Konsumen memiliki daya beli yang lemah. • Tawaran Public-Private Partnership yang tidak menarik. • è PERTUMBUHAN dengan “Minimal atau Tanpa Subsidi” and “Rendah Emisi”
  • 7. KONSEP STRATEGIS: MANFAAT LISTRIK UNTUK SELURUH INDONESIA Indonesia: Tingkat Kelistrikan (100% = 61,105,458) 75% 25% Konsumsi Rata-rata: = 1561 kWh/year/HH = 4.3 kWh/day/HH Teraliri Listrik Tanpa Listrik 46,220,000 HH Negara Penduduk (juta) ≈ 14,886,000 KK ≈ 60 juta WNI GDP(PPP)/Kapita (US$) kWh Harian/Kapita GDP(PPP)/kWh (US$) Thailand 66 8,318 6.2 3.7 Vietnam 87 2,782 2.4 3.2 Philippines 98 3,425 1.7 5.2 Indonesia 240 3,821 1.7 6.1 China 1,339 5,969 7.0 2.3 Japan 127 34,173 23.3 4.0 USA 307 47,036 39.3 3.3 Germany 82 35,671 20.6 4.7 Global 6,784 10,325 8.2 3.5 * Sumber: 2012 Statistik PLN; IEA, PBB & Analsisi ICCC. Persoalan Nasional Kelistrikan: • Pendidikan • Kesehatan • Layanan Kesehatan • Telekomunikasi • Kantor Pemerintahan • Kesatuan/Keamanan Nasional Produksi listrik berhubungan langsung dengan: 1. Daya saing ekonomi, 2. Perbaikan penghasilan, 3. Keamanan Nasional.
  • 8. PERILAKU PERMINTAAN LISTRIK DI DAERAH TERPENCIL SEBAGAI PERTIMBANGAN DAYA TARIK INVESTASI ENERGI TERBARUKAN Tata Kelola dari Sumber Feedstock KONSEP DASAR Bahan Baku Energi Yang dibeli dari masyarakat 17.9% 41.6% 84.8% 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Jaminan Kinerja: • Kapasitas awal untuk siang hari • Pertumbuhan untuk layanan publik Kegiatan Ekonomi y Jaminan Kinerja 100% di malam hari Discount Harga(?) Harga Normal Harga Premium (?) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
  • 9. TANAMAN RUMPUT GAJAH VAR. TAIWAN DENGAN TEKNOLOGI PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA BIOMASSA @ US$ 3 JUTA/MW 2.700 2.600 2.500 2.400 2.300 2.200 2.100 2.000 1.900 1.800 Year Price 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 MW Without Incentive 50% 60% 70% 75% 80% 85% 2,600 2,225 60% 70% 75% 80% 85% 2,400 2,070 70% 75% 80% 85% 2,250 1,980 75% 80% 85% 2,200 1,920 80% 85% 2,150 1,885 85% 2,130 1,865 Capacity Utilization 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% Price (IDR/kWh) Capacity Utilization 5 MW With Incentive 1 MW without incentive 1 MW with incentive 3 MW with incentive 5 MW with incentive
  • 10. Crop to Energy on Degraded Land: A Step toward Energy Independence, Carbon Sink Agriculture and Protection of REDD+ Designated Areas
  • 11. 45,000 40,000 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Indonesia Oil & Gas Trade 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Export Import million US$ Indonesia Fuel Import Components 38.6 36.8 44.4 53.7 64.8 78.8 97.1 90.0 67.5 76.9 76.4 52.9 66.2 60.9 36.2 27.5 28.2 23.0 21.1 16.9 12.3 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Others IDO ADO Gasoline million barrel/year 164.8 131.7 149.5 153.1 138.8 161.8 170.2 MENCARI PENGGANTI BENSIN UNTUK MENGURANGI DEFISIT PERDAGANGAN MINYAK & GAS • Defisit Neraca Perdagangan Minyak & Gas Indonesia dipicu oleh tingginya permintaan impor bensin (pertumbuhan rata-rata 16.6% per tahun selama 2005 – 2011). • Tahun 2012, defisit Minyak & Gas mencapai US$ 5.6 M dan mencapai US$ 10 M di 2013. • Penguranagn impor Bensin dan pengurangan emisi dapat dilakukan melalui beberapa insiatif: Efisiensi, Konversi ke Gas Alam, Konversi ke Bio-ethanol.
  • 12. KETENTUAN CAMPURAN ETHANOL DALAM BAHAN BAKAR BENSIN DI INDONESIA HARUS DIIKUTI DENGAN KETERSEDIAAN LAHAN Bioethanol Sector 2008 2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 Bioethanol for Transportation Public Service Obligatio3n% (PSO) 1% 3% 5% 10% 15% Bioethanol for Transportation Non -­‐ PSO 5% 5% 7% 10% 12% 15% Bioethanol for Industry 5% 7% 10% 12% 15% Biodiesel Sector 2008 2009 2010 2015 2020 2025 Biodiesel for Transportation Public Service Obligation1 (%PSO) 1% 2.5% 5% 10% 20% Biodiesel for Transportation Non -­‐ PSO 1% 3% 7% 10% 20% Biodiesel for Industry 2.5% 2.5% 5% 10% 15% 20% Biodiesel for Electricity 0.1% 0.25% 1% 10% 15% 20% 108 12 5 4 5 203 10 12 11 12 1,121 1,503 662 735 762 790 816 2,057 2,124 2,192 2,262 2,334 9,180 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Total Years DL Area Demand New Production Current Production ‘000 ha ‘000 liters Tersedia tanah yang cukup untuk mendukung kebijakan biofuel tetapi perlu dukungan pemerintah untuk menjaga daya saing industri melalui kepastian hukum.
  • 13. KETENTUAN CAMPURAN ETHANOL DALAM BAHAN BAKAR BENSIN DI INDONESIA HARUS DIIKUTI DENGAN KETERSEDIAAN LAHAN 8.8 12.56 9.72 8.12 4.17 16.1 3.52 6.27 7.84 9.27 6.97 17.26 0.92 2.72 2.35 3.52 1.92 10.6 0.31 0.53 0.68 1.09 0.8 1.86 20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 Sanctuary Reserve+Nature Conservation Area Protection Forest Limited Production Forest Fixed Production Forest Convertible Production Forest Other Land Use (Non Forest Area) Potentially Critical Slightly Critical Critical Very Critical Million ha Degraded Land Use for bio-ethanol in- and outside-forest areas • Hutan Produksi “Kritis” dan “Konversi” saja cukup untuk menyediakan keperluan lahan untuk memenuhi sasaran campuran BBM yang ditetapkan Pemerintah RI. • Tetapi, kecocokan lahan dengan kondisi sosial masyarakat dan perusahaan akan menentukan penerapannya.
  • 14. TERSEDIA 2.1 JUTA HA LAHAN DI 6 PROPINSI INDONESIA DARI 1.6 JUTA HA YANG DIPERLUKAN DL in Convertible Forest Areas by Province 723,281 692,883 350,432 Province 132,794 102,976 99,794 85,618 47,099 34,312 22,660 14,035 9,646 7,652 4,533 2,638 2,349 - 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 Papua Central Kalimantan Riau Maluku North Maluku Riau Island West Papua Screening Criteria South Kalimantan West Sumatera South East Sulawesi West Kalimantan NTT South Sumatera North Sumatera West Sulawesi Central Sulawesi ha Degraded Land Carbon ≤ 35tonC/Ha Non Peat Flat area (<25%) Outside existing Plantation Outside new granted license
  • 15. KETENTUAN CAMPURAN BBM BISA MEMBUAT INDONESIA MENJADI PENGEKSPOR BIO-­‐ETHANOL ATAU TERPAKSA MENJADI IMPORTIR % of Fuel Consumption 22% 20% 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 8% 6% India (5%) 4% 2% 0% U.S (10%) Biofuel Consumption per Capita (liters) Brazil (18-20%) European Union (5 (Current) - 10% (2020 Target))4) Australia (4%) Canada (5%) Thailand (17% (2021 Target))2 China (10%) Colombia (10%) Indonesia (3-7%(2010 Minimum Requirement))3) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 Note: 1) As of 2012, unless stated otherwise; 2) Thailand 2021 Blending Mandates is calculated using the 2021’s 9 Million liter/day consumption target. In 2021, Biofuel production of 24 Million liter per day is expected to replace 44% of Fossil Fuel Consumption; 3) 2010 minimum Biofuel blend mandates as regulated by the Ministry of Energy & Mineral Resources; 4) European Union blending mandates are Biofuel blending mandates Indonesia harus mampu mengadopsi kebijakan dari negara yang berhasil agar industrinya mampu bersaing di pasar internasional.