This document discusses chitin and chitosan. It provides information on their origin from sources like crustacean shells and insect exoskeletons. It describes their physico-chemical properties and how chitosan is derived from chitin through deacetylation. Various applications of chitosan are listed in areas like water treatment, paper production, medicine, cosmetics, biotechnology, agriculture, and food. Key properties exploited include antimicrobial effects, film forming ability, and binding capacity. Examples of specific uses include flocculation, filtration, wound dressings, drug delivery, and more.

1. By/ Huda Eid AbdelWahab

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•Origin and sources
• Physico-chemical properties
• Applications and uses

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Crustacean shells, insect exoskeleton
and some fungi =
mainly chitin.

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Chitin
Chitosan
Deacetylation
(boiling 40-50%
NaOH)

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β(1 4) linked D-glucose units
β(1 4) linked N-acetyl-D-glucos-
2-amine units
β(1 4) linked D-glucos-2-amine
units
Degree of DeAcetylation > 60%

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7. -OH: esterification, etherification,
oxidation,Elimination, protection reactions
-NH2: amidation, reduction, mono-, di- and
trialkylation (electrophile subsitution),
protection reactions
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8. Complexation ability
• metal ions
• anionic polymers
• amino acids, proteins, DNA, cells
• dyes
• fats and cholesterol
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9. SYNTHESIS OF SOME TEREPHTHALOYL THIOUREA
CROSS-LINKED CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN HYDROGELS
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10. SYNTHESIS OF SILICA-CHITOSAN HYBRIDS FOR
ANTIWETTING COATINGS
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11. DEVELOPING A CHITOSAN SUPPORTED IMIDAZOLE
SCHIFF-BASE FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY GENE DELIVERY
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12. Characterization of a Conjugate between
Rose Bengal and Chitosan for Targeted
Antibiofilm and Tissue Stabilization
Effects as a Potential Treatment of
Infected Dentin
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14. N-Phthaloylated Chitosan as
an
Essential Precursor for
Controlled
Chemical Modifications of
Chitosan
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16. Synthesis And Characterization Of Chitosan Bi guanidine
Hydrochloride Under Microwave Irradiation
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17. Carboxymethyl chitosan and
its
applications
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22. SYNTHESIS ROUTE TO THE CHITOSAN DERIVATIVES OF
OCTADECYL-QUATERNIZED CARBOXYMETHYL CHITOSAN
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23. SYNTHESIS OF PALMITOYL GLYCOL CHITOSAN
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1-Water treatment
2-Paper
Removal of metal ions
Flocculant/coagulant (proteins, dyes,
aminoacids)
Filtration
Surface treatment
Photographic paper
Carbonless copy paper
Application
Examples

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3-Medical
4- Cosmetics
Bandages, sponges
Artificial blood vessels
Blood cholesterol control
Tumor inhibition
Skin burns, artificial skin
Eye humor fluid
Contact lenses
Controlled release of drugs
Nanoparticles for drug delivery
Make-up powder
Nail polish
Mosturizers

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5- Biotechnology
6- Agriculture
Enzyme/cell immobilization
Protein separation
Chromatography
Glucose electrode
Seed/leaf coating
Fertilizer
Controlled agrochemical
release

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7- Food Removal of dyes and acids
Preservative
Color stabilization
Animal feed additive
As dietary food
Main properties used: antimicrobial ,
film forming, binding
capacity.