passive voice

1. 10-1 Active sentences and passive sentences
10-2 Form of the passive
10-3 Transitive and intransitive verbs
10-4 Using the by-phrase
10-5 The passive forms of the present and past progressive
10-6 Passive modal auxiliaries
10-7 Using past participles as adjectives (stative passive)
10-8 Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing
10-9 Get + adjective; get + past participle
10-10 Using be used/accustomed to and get …
10-11 Used to vs. be used to
10-12 Using be supposed to
1
CONTENTS

2. 2
10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
The chair is being made
by the carpenter.

3. 3
10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
(a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood.
(b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the
carpenter.
same
meaning

4. 4
10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
by + O
S O
ACTIVE:
(c) Carol sold the house.
PASSIVE:
S
(d) The house was sold by Carol.
object of active subject of passive
subject of active object of by

5. 5
10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
Fuel is burned by cars

6. 6
10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
BE + PAST
PARTICIPLE
(a) Coffee is grown by farmers.
(b) The raise was given by the boss.
(c) The photo will be printed by Alex.

7. 7
10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT Cars burn fuel.
Fuel is burned by cars.
SIMPLE PAST
PRESENT PERFECT
FUTURE
The raise thrilled Ben.
Ben was thrilled by the raise.
Al has printed the photo.
The photo has been printed
by Al.
New cars will save fuel.
Fuel will be saved by cars.

8. 8
10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
The squirrel gathered the nuts.
PASSIVE
The nuts were gathered by the squirrel.

9. 9
10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Matthew painted the wall.
PASSIVE
The wall was painted by
Matthew.

10. 10
10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
The voters will determine
the election results.
PASSIVE
The election results will be determined by
the voters.

11. 11
10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Erica sneezed.

12. 12
10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(a) TRANSITIVE
S V O
Janet earned the promotion.
They saw the accident.
(b) INTRANSITIVE
S V
A problem occurred.
They arrived late.
TRANSITIVE
verb + object
INTRANSITIVE
verb + object

13. ACTIVE: Janet earned the promotion.
PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet.
13
10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(c) TRANSITIVE VERBS
(d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS
ACTIVE: Birds fly.
PASSIVE: (not possible)
(e) INCORRECT: Birds are fly.

14. ACTIVE: Janet earned the promotion.
PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet.
14
10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(c) TRANSITIVE VERBS
(d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS
ACTIVE: Birds fly.
PASSIVE: (not possible)
transitive verbs passive okay
intransitive verbs no passive

15. 15
10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive
?
It rained yesterday.

16. 16
10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive
?
Eva won a medal.
PASSIVE: _A_ _m_e_d_a_l_ w__a_s_ w_o_n_ _b_y_ E_v_a_._ _

17. 17
10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive
?
Tim Berners-Lee invented the
World Wide Web.
PASSIVE: The_ W__o_rl_d_ W__ide _W_eb_ w_a_s___
i_n_v_e_n_te_d_ _b_y_ T_i_m_ _B_e_rn_e_r_s_-L_e_e_.

18. 18
10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
This painting
was done by
my mother.

19. 19
10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
(a) This desk was made by Manuel.
by phrase important information

20. 20
10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
(b) This desk was made in Taiwan.
(c) Corn is eaten in many places.
(d) That apartment was built in 2007.
(e) Spanish is spoken in many countries.
usually NO by-phrase

21. PASSIVE
(g) This painting was done by my mother.
21
10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
ACTIVE
(f) My mother is a great artist.
She painted many beautiful portraits.
That one was done by her friend.
focus my mother
by-phrase focus on subjects

22. 22
10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
PASSIVE
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.

23. 23
10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Many students use computers.
PASSIVE
Computers are used by many students.

24. 24
10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Tina taught me how to knit.
PASSIVE
I was taught to knit by Tina.

25. 25
10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND
PAST PROGRESSIVE
A photo is being taken by Elton.

26. 26
10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND
PAST PROGRESSIVE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
He is taking photos. (a) Photos are being
taken by him.
She is writing a book. (b) A book is being
written by her.

27. 27
10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND
PAST PROGRESSIVE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
He is taking photos. (a) Photos are being
taken by him.
She is writing a book. (b) A book is being
written by her.
present progressive: passive form
am
is
are
+ being + past participle

28. 28
10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND
PAST PROGRESSIVE
ACTIVE PASSIVE
He was taking photos. (c) Photos were being
taken by him.
She was writing a book. (d) A book was being
written by her.
past progressive: passive form
was
were
+ being + past participle

29. 29
10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Two great teams are playing
hockey.
PASSIVE
Hockey is being played by two great teams.

30. Someone was building a guest house in Bhutan.
30
10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
A guest house was being built in Bhutan.

31. 31
10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
Alan is studying the memo.
PASSIVE
The memo is being studied by Alan.

32. 32
10-6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
Lin will e-mail you.

33. 33
10-6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
ACTIVE MODAL
AUXILIARIES
PASSIVE MODAL
AUXILIARIES
Lin will send it. It will be sent by Lin.
Lin can send it. It can be sent by Lin.
Lin must send it. It must be sent by Lin.
Lin may send it. It may be sent by Lin.
FORM: modal + be + past participle

34. 34
10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
Someone must mow the grass today.
PASSIVE MODALS
This grass _m_u_s_t_ b_e_ _m_o_w_e_d_ _to_d_a_y_.

35. 35
10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
You should not feed candy to babies.
PASSIVE MODALS
Babies _s_h_o_u_ld_ _n_o_t _b_e_ f_e_d_ c_a_n_d_y__.

36. 36
10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
People cannot control hurricanes.
PASSIVE MODALS
Hurricanes cannot be controlled.
__________________________

37. 37
10-7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
(STATIVE PASSIVE)
Lily is pleased with her life.

38. 38
10-7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
(STATIVE PASSIVE)
BE + ADJECTIVE
(a) Lily is brave.
(b) Lily is short.
(c) Lily is healthy.
BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
(d) Lily is divorced.
(e) Lily is excited.
(f) Lily is pleased.
like an adjective

39. 39
10-7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
(STATIVE PASSIVE)
(g) Lily is divorced from Jack.
(h) Lily was happy with her career.
(i) Lily will be excited for the trip.
past particular
participle + prepositions + object

40. 40
10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
married
Jenny is _m__a_rr_ie_d_ _to__ Grant.

41. 41
10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
happy
Alma is _h_a_p_p_y_ _w_it_h_ her new laptop.

42. 42
10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
young
Abe is 17.
He seems __y_o_u_n_g_ _fo_r___ his age.

43. 43
10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Emma makes pottery.
I am interested in making pottery.

44. 44
10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
(a) I am interested in pottery.
INCORRECT: I am interesting in pottery.
(b) Pottery is interesting.
INCORRECT: Pottery is interested.
past participle feelings
present participle cause of feeling

45. 45
10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Ben was thrilled with the promotion.
(c) Ben was thrilled.
(d) The promotion was thrilling.
past participle passive meaning
present participle cause of feeling

46. 46
10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
(e) I heard some disappointing news.
(f) Jill read the shortened version of
the book.
participial
adjectives nouns

47. 47
10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
surprised
surprising
Gail Gwen
surprising
Gwen’s news must be __________.
Gail looks very __s_u_rp_r_is_e_d__.

48. 48
10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
amazed
amazing
amazing
The Great Wall is ________.
Most people are truly ________ amazed
when
they first see it.

49. 49
10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
terrified
Some bugs are scary. terrifying
This spider is ________!
terrifying
I wonder if it is ________ of anything?
terrified

50. 50
10-9 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
People often get thirsty
when they exercise.

51. 51
10-9 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
GET + ADJECTIVE
(a) I am getting thirsty.
(b) Fahad got angry at him.
GET ADJECTIVE
change, beginning to be

52. 52
10-9 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
(c) I’m getting worried.
(d) My friend and his wife got divorced.
GET PAST PARTICIPLE
like an adjective, describes subject

53. 53
10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
get + sleep
got sleepy
He ___________ while he was working.

54. 54
10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
get + frustrated
is getting frustrated
He _________________ with his work.

55. 55
10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
get + cold
got cold
It ________ early this year.

56. 56
10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
We are used to driving in
traffic.

57. 57
10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(a) We are used to this city.
same meaning
(b) We are accustomed to this city.

58. 58
10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND
GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(c) We are used to living in this city.
(d) We are accustomed to living in this city.
to + -ing form
(gerund)

59. 59
10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(e) I just moved to Athens, Greece. I have
never lived in this city before, but I am
getting used to (accustomed to) it.
beginning to feel normal

60. 60
10-10 LET’S PRACTICE
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
I always go to the beach.
I _a_m_ _u_s_e_d_ t_o_ the sand and sea.

61. 61
10-10 LET’S PRACTICE
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
I’m confused. I _____________ am not used to
this new
computer.

62. 62
10-10 LET’S PRACTICE
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
Maybe I’ll call Eva. She is _____________
used to
this type of computer.

63. 63
10-11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
He used to eat meat, but
now he is a vegetarian.

64. 64
10-11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
(a) He used to eat meat, but now he is
a vegetarian.
INCORRECT: He used to be eating meat.
INCORRECT: He is used to eat meat.
habitual past
used to + simple form of verb

65. 65
10-11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
(b) He is used to eating meat.
be used to + -ing form of verb
(gerund)

66. 66
10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
be
Ø
When I was young, I often went skiing.
I w_a_s_ used to skiing back then.

67. 67
10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
I _____ Ø
used to like skiing, but
now I prefer snowboarding.
be
Ø

68. 68
10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
be
Ø
Now, I _a_m__ used to snowboarding.

69. 69
10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
You were supposed to
clean out the garage
this morning.

70. 70
10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(a) The flight is supposed to leave
in 10 minutes.
I expect the
flight to leave
in 10 minutes.

71. 71
10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(a) The flight is supposed to leave
in 10 minutes.
(b) I am supposed to write to Jim.
an expectation

72. 72
10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(c) The flight was supposed to leave
at 4:30.
expected event didn’t occur

73. 73
10-12 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
I expect to get email today .
I _a_m__ s_u_p_p_o_s_e_d_ t_o_ get email today.

74. 74
10-12 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
They were expected to arrive on May 4,
but they came on May 6.
They _w_e_r_e_ s_u_p_p_o_s_e_d_ t_o_ arrive on May 6.

75. 75
10-12 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
I expected you to
call me at noon!
were
You ______
___________
supposed to
call me at
noon!

76. 7676
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