5. Parts of
speech
Definition Examples
Noun
(kata
nama)
A word that names a person, place,
thing, animal, concept or activity or
idea.
Uncountable nouns : cannot be
counted
Countable nouns : can be counted
tree, apple, orange, kitten,
hospital, frog
e.g.: The cat jumps over the
fence.
Verb
(kata
kerja)
A word that describes an action or
state
talk, eat, run, shout, jump, is ,
was, am.
e.g. : The cat climbs.
Pronoun
(ganti
nama)
A word that takes the place of a noun
I, he, she, it, they, we, our, itself
e.g.: Ali likes durian. He is
eating it now.
Adjective
(sifat
nama)
A word that describes a noun or
pronoun
beautiful, tall, clever, blue, red,
kind
e.g.: A beautiful clever girl.
Adverb
(sifat kata)
A word that gives more information
about a verb, an adjective or an
adverb
quickly, fast, slowly, very,
carefully
e.g.: The cat walks slowly and
6. Parts Of
Speech
Definition Examples
Conjunction
(Kata
Hubung)
A word that joins two or
more words, phrases or
clauses.
and, or, but, however, therefore,
moreover, so, although
Interjection
(kata seruan)
A word used to show
strong feeling.
Ouch! Wow! Ah! Ops! Hey!
10. Singular (verb)
eat
catch
sleep
- - - - - -
eats
catches
sleeps
Plural (verb)
eat
catch
sleep
I
You
- - - - - - -
He
She
It
We
You
They
Simple Present
-Mother goes to the market twice a week.
- Aina is a good girl. She always sleeps early.
- He always comes to school early.
- I eat noodles everyday.
11. Present Continuous (to show habitual action / something
that is happening)
Singular
am
- - - -
are
- - - -
is
( verb + ing )
eating
catching
sleeping
Plural
are
( verb + ing )
eating
catching
sleeping
I
- - - - -
You
- - - - -
He
She
It
We
You
They
- The teacher is teaching now.
- I am sleeping early tonight.
- They are eating noodles.
12. Present Perfect (To describe something that has ended or still
continuing)
- I have eaten noodles.
- He has studied for PMR.
- They have slept for 12 hours!
- Ali ??? eaten two pieces of fried
chicken.
Singular
have
- - - - - -
has
(verb past
participle)
eaten
studied
slept
Plural
have
(verb past
participle)
eaten
studied
slept
I
You
- - - - - - -
He
She
It
We
You
They
13. Simple Past
-Mother went to the market yesterday.
- Aina studied very late last night.
- We ate fried fish for lunch.
Singular (verb)
ate
caught
studied
Plural (verb)
ate
caught
studied
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
14. Past Continuous (to show something that happened in the past
at the same time / something that happened at a specific moment in the past)
-Ali was eating fried chicken when I called.
- You were sleeping while the teacher was
teaching!
Singular
was
- - - --
were
( verb + ing )
eating
catching
lying
Plural
were
( verb + ing )
eating
catching
lying
I
He
She
It
- - - - - - -
You
We
You
They
15. Past Perfect (to show two events in the past)
-Ali had eaten fried chicken before he slept.
Singular
had
(verb past
participle)
eaten
caught
lied
Plural
had
(verb past participle)
eaten
caught
lied
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
16. Future Tense
-Ali will study for the test.
- You will eat with your uncle tomorrow.
Singular
will
(base form verb)
eat
catch
study
Plural
will
(base form verb)
eat
catch
study
I
You
He
She
It
We
You
They
17. Practice: Present Tense
Present Tense
Exercise 1
Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, choose the
best answer from the options A, B, C and D to fit the numbered blanks
Malaysians like to go on picnics. On weekends and public holidays, picnickers
________(1) on beaches with their family or friends to ________(2) their minds and bodies.
They ________(3) in the sea or just ________(4) on mats and ________(5) children
splashing about.
When it ________(6) time for lunch, they help themselves heartily to the delicious
food and drinks they ________(7) brought along with them. They listen to songs and
________(8) games. Children build sandcastles and ________(9) seashells.
Soon it is time to________(10) home. Everyone feels tired but happy.
1 A gather B gathered C gathers D gathering
2 A relax B relaxing C relaxed D relaxes
3 A swim B swum C swam D swimming
4 A lie B lay C laid D lies
5 A watch B watching C watched D watches
6 A was B is C were D are
7 A have B has C are D is
8 A play B playing C played D plays
9 A collects B collect C collected D collecting
10 A go B come C goes D comes
18. Practice: TensePast
Exercise 2
Each question in the text below refers to a numbered blank. For each question, choose the
best answer from the options A, B, C and D to fit the numbered blanks
A crowd of people ________ (1) inside the tent to see the circus. There ________ (2)
a lot of clowns with red noses which seemed to glow. One of the clowns had a little monkey
that ________(3) up a stick. Another one ________(4) to be a frog and jumped about on the
grass, croaking. Everybody ________(5). One played funny tune on a flute. Then some
acrobats _______(6) running into the ring while the band played some exciting music. They
bowed to the crowd and then took off their cloaks and climbed up some ropes to the roof of
the tent. The band ________ (7) playing. Then they began to swing from one rope to
another, flying through the air like bird men! One of them seemed to slip in the middle of a
flight. This ________(8) the crowd a fright, but he was only pretending. When acrobats
________(9), the band played a cheerful tune. This ________ (10) by a warm applause of
the crowd.
1 A go B went C goes D going
2 A is B are C was D were
3 A climbed B climbing C climb D climbs
4 A pretend B pretending C pretended D pretends
5 A laughing B laughed C laugh D laughter
6 A come B came C coming D comes
7 A stopped B stop C stopping D stops
8 A give B gave C given D give
9 A finished B finishing C finish D finishes
10 A was followed B were followed C is followed D are followed
19. Prepositions
To show the location or position of something (on, in, under, across)
To show direction (to, from, towards)
To show time (after, since, before)
20.
21. Practice 1
I had been warned that the twins were not called the ‘Horrible Twins’ without
any justification. However I was not prepared for the sight ________(1) my eyes. Eng
Hock was sitting________(2) Eng Seng’s shoulders while Eng Hock was balancing an
empty tin________(3) the tip of his nose.
When I told them to stop their act, Eng Hock jumped________(4) Eng Seng’s
shoulder and landed ________(5) me. Then he took out a matchbox ________(6) his
pocket. He held the box ________(7) my face and suddenly opened it. There was a big
spider________(8) in the box. Then, he held the spider ________(9) his thumb and
forefinger. Next, he threw the spider over my head and it landed________(10) the table
in front of me.
1 A before B by C at D in
2 A at B on C from D along
3 A near B from C over D on
4 A away B off C of D over
5 A over B at C beside D with
6 A in front of B under C from D below
7 A between B in C near D along
8 A in B on C beside D under
9 A over B on C between D in
10.A on B off C in D with
22. PMR 2010
Question 11 – 18 are based on the following text.
Ever had a common cold? It is infection occurring in the nose and throat. It is caused
by viruses and normally ____(11)___ two to five days to recover. Viruses causing common
colds are very contagious and ___(12)____ spread by sneezes and coughs.
The symptoms of a cold are runny nose and weepy eyes. ___(13)___ people also
suffer from sore throat, headache and fever.
Preventive measures can be taken to avoid being bitten ___(14)___ a cold bug.
Firstly, avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth with your hands. ___(15)___, always
cover your mouth when sneezing. It is advisable to use tissues rather than handkerchiefs as
they can be discarded after use. Besides, avoid sharing utensils and personal items. Lastly,
avoid contact with others suffering from cold.
If you suffer ___(16)___ a cold, you should rest. Resting helps to build up
___(17)___ immune system. Drinking at least eight glasses of water a day helps loosen
mucus, enabling you to cough or blow out ___(18)___ . You can also gargle with warm, salty
water to ease throat irritations. If all these fail to relieve your problem, consult a doctor.
11. A take B takes C taken D taking
12. A is B are C was D were
13. A All B Less C Few D Some
14. A by B from C with D in
15. A Finally B Later C Next D Soon
16. A of B for C with D from
17. A its B our C your D their
18. A easy B easily C easier D easiest
23.
24. SENTENCECONSTRUCTION
Subject Verb
He
She
It
I
You
We
They
slept (in the room)
smiles (at me)
died (yesterday)
will go to Langkawi
were shopping there
have arrived at the jetty
are playing football
Simple sentence
•It must have at least one object and one verb
Subject + Verb : To show what happened in the story
25. SENTENCECONSTRUCTION
Simple sentence
•Subject + Verb + Object : To show action done on someone/
something else
Subject Verb Object
He
She
It
I
You
We
They
thanked
praises
is looking at
scolded
make
will read
eat
me
him
her
them
coffee
books
durians
26. SENTENCECONSTRUCTION
Simple sentence
•Subject + was / were + ing : To show what was happening
in the story (past continuous tense)
Subject Verb (to be) + ing
I
He
She
It
was
was
was
was
reading
playing
fishing
sleeping
You
We
They
were
were
were
playing
fishing
sleeping
27. SENTENCECONSTRUCTION
Simple sentence
Subject + was / were + what : To describe people, things,
place or time
Subject Verb (to be) Descriptive (adj)
He
She
It
I
You
We
They
was
was
was
was
were
were
were
happy
worried
hungry
surprised
angry
cold
young
28.
29. (3A, 3B)
PMR BASED EXERCISE (ESSAY WRITING)
(3C, 3D, 3E)
PMR BASED EXERCISE (ESSAY WRITING)
30. Then, Rahim opened the bag. It was full of
money. He was extremely shocked. He looked
around but there was nobody nearby.
31. PRESENT TENSE: go
goes
PAST TENSE: went
the policeman
the police station
the bag
Soon after,
After that,
Then,
Not long after that,
