The document provides examples and explanations of the present perfect tense in English. It discusses two main uses of the present perfect: 1) to refer to an unspecified time before now, and 2) to refer to a duration of time from the past until now for non-continuous verbs. It then provides exercises for learners to practice filling in verbs in the present perfect tense.

1. REVIEW CLASS Avaliação Mista II

2. Present Perfect Form : [has/have + past participle] Examples : You have seen that movie many times. Have you seen that movie many times? You have not seen that movie many times.

3. USE 1 - Unspecified Time Before Now We use the Present Perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important.

4. Examples: I have seen that movie twenty times. I think I have met him once before. There have been many earthquakes in California. People have traveled to the Moon. People have not traveled to Mars. Have you read the book yet? Nobody has ever climbed that mountain. A: Has there ever been a war in the United States? B: Yes, there has been a war in the United States.

5. USE 2 - Duration From the Past Until Now (Non-Continuous Verbs)

6. Examples: I have had a cold for two weeks. She has been to England for six months. Mary has loved chocolate since she was a little girl.

7. Kate: Have you ever .......... to New York? Sophie : New York? No I've never .......... there. Have you? Kate: Yes. In fact I've just .......... back from there. I'm doing some consultancy work there and I've .......... at least six weeks there in the last year. Sophie: That sounds fabulous. Have you .......... to the top of the Empire State Building? Kate: No, I .......... yet. I haven't .......... the ferry to Ellis Island either. I've just .......... work so hard. Though I have .......... dinner at Sardi's and .......... a Broadway show.

8. Kate : Have you ever been to New York? Sophie : New York? No I've never been there. Have you? Kate : Yes. In fact I've just come back from there. I'm doing some consultancy work there and I've spent at least six weeks there in the last year. Sophie : That sounds fabulous. Have you gone up to the top of the Empire State Building? Kate : No, I haven’t yet. I haven't taken the ferry to Ellis Island either. I've just had to work so hard. Though I have had dinner at Sardi's and seen a Broadway show.

9. Exercise 1 Fill the gaps in the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Put them in the present perfect simple. a. I________ a lot of articles about this problem. (read) b. He___________ to Canada. (go) c.________ you ever _________ on a farm? (work) d. We ___________________ more and more trees from our city over the last ten years. (lose) e. She _______________ very kind to me. (be) f. I _________________ on a farm all my life. (live) g. They ________________ us to build new pigsties for our pigs.(tell) h. We ____________ pigs for the last six years. (keep)

10. Exercises with answers Fill the gaps in the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Put them in the present perfect simple. a. I’ve read a lot of articles about this problem. (read) b. He’s gone to Canada. (go) c. Have you ever worked on a farm? (work) d. We have lost more and more trees from our city over the last ten years. (lose) e. She has been very kind to me. (be) f. I have lived on a farm all my life. (live) g. They have told us to build new pigsties for our pigs.(tell) h. We have kept pigs for the last six years. (keep)

11. SINCE x FOR

12. I have waited _________ 4 o'clock. Sue has only waited _______ 20 minutes. Tim and Tina have learned English _______ six years. Fred and Frida have learned French _____ 1998. Joe and Josephine have gone out together _____________ Valentine's Day. I haven't been on holiday ______ last July. Mary has saved her money _______ many years. I haven't eaten anything ________ breakfast. You have watched TV _________ hours. We have lived here __________ 2 months.

13. Answers: I have waited since 4 o'clock. Sue has only waited for 20 minutes. Tim and Tina have learned English for six years. Fred and Frida have learned French since 1998. Joe and Josephine have gone out together since Valentine's Day. I haven't been on holiday since last July. Mary has saved her money for many years. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast. You have watched TV for hours. We have lived here for 2 months.

14. MAKE x DO The bed A cup of tea A guess A mistake A noise A phone call A prediction A suggestion an exam The homework The shopping Very well at English The washing-up or the dishes Business

15. Zero Conditional Talk about things that are always true. Laws of nature if => when If (simple present), (simple present) . (simple present) if (simple present) .

16. When air expands, it becomes lighter.

17. First Conditional Talk about possible situations in the future. If (simple present), (will + verb) . (will + verb) if (simple present) .

18. If they don’t stop messing around, I’ll call the police.

19. Second Conditional Talk about imaginary or unlikely situations. If (simple past), (would + verb) . (would + verb) if (simple past) .

20. If I lived in Rio de Janeiro, I would go to the beach every weekend.

21. Remember!!! Carefully manage your time. Don’t spend too much time on any one question or topic area. Read the questions carefully. A careless “skimming” of the question may lead you to a completely different, and incorrect, answer. Read each item carefully and eliminate obviously incorrect answers.