This document contains a chapter about verb tenses and time clauses in English. It includes examples of questions using words like where, why, when and what time in the simple past tense. It also discusses irregular verbs in the past tense. Sections cover using before, after and when in time clauses, the present and past progressive tenses, and the difference between the simple past and past progressive. Practice exercises with answers are provided to help learners practice these grammar points.

2. CONTENTS
9-1 Simple Past Tense: Using Where, Why, When, and What Time
9-2 Questions with What
9-3 Questions with Who and Whom
9-4 Simple Past Tense: Irregular Verbs (Group 5)
9-5 Simple Past Tense: Irregular Verbs (Group 6)
9-6 Simple Past Tense: Irregular Verbs (Group 7)
9-7 Before and After in Time Clauses
9-8 When in Time Clauses
9-9 Present Progressive and Past Progressive
9-10 Using While with the Past Progressive
9-11 Simple Past Tense vs. Past Progressive

3. 3
Where did you go?
9-1 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: USING WHERE, WHY, WHEN,
AND WHAT TIME

4. 4
QUESTION SHORT ANSWER
(a) Did you go home? Yes, I did.
No, I didn’t.
(b) Where did you go? Home.
(c) Were you at home? Yes, I was.
No, I wasn’t.
(d) Where were you? Home.
9-1 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: USING WHERE, WHY, WHEN,
AND WHAT TIME

5. 5
QUESTION SHORT ANSWER
(e) Did you drive because
you were late?
Yes, I did.
No, I didn’t.
(f) Why did you drive? Because I was
late.
(g) Did Ali go at six? Yes, he did.
No, he didn’t.
(h) When
What time
At six.did Ali go?
9-1 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: USING WHERE, WHY, WHEN,
AND WHAT TIME

6. 6
WHEN
(i) What time did Ali go?
At four.
Twelve o’clock.
Around 4:30.
WHAT TIME
(j) When did Ali go?
At four.
Twelve o’clock.
Around 4:30.
On Friday.
Last month.
November 29th.
various
9-1 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: USING WHERE, WHY, WHEN,
AND WHAT TIME

7. 7
To learn English.
(I went to class to
learn English.)
9-1 Let’s Practice
Why did
you go to
class
_______
_______
______?

8. 8
Did you eat
breakfast Yes, I did.
(I ate breakfast.)
9-1 Let’s Practice
_________
________?

9. 9
Nothing.
(I didn’t eat
breakfast.)
What did you eat
for breakfast
9-1 Let’s Practice
_____________
____________?

10. 10
What did Joe see?
9-2 QUESTIONS WITH WHAT

11. 11
A bat.
He saw a bat.
Yes, he did.
He saw a bat.
(a) Did Joe see a bat?
(b) What did Joe see?
QUESTION + HELPING + SUBJECT + MAIN
WORD VERB VERB
9-2 QUESTIONS WITH WHAT

12. 12
An apple.
She’s eating an apple.
Yes, she is.
She’s eating an apple.
(c) Is Jen eating an
apple?
(d) What is Jen eating?
QUESTION + HELPING + SUBJECT + MAIN
WORD VERB VERB
9-2 QUESTIONS WITH WHAT

13. 13
(e) Sam drank some milk.
(f) What did Sam drink?
S V O
some milk object of the verb
O V S V
object of the verbWhat
9-2 QUESTIONS WITH WHAT

14. 14
They saw a movie.
What did they see
9-2 Let’s Practice
A movie.
SHORT ANSWER
LONG ANSWER
__________________?

15. 15
_______________________________?
I got a computer for my
birthday.
What did you get for your birthday
A computer.
9-2 Let’s Practice
SHORT ANSWER
LONG ANSWER

16. 16
______________________?What do they like to do
9-2 Let’s Practice
They like to fish.
Fish.
SHORT ANSWER
LONG ANSWER

17. 17
Who did you see?
9-3 QUESTIONS WITH WHO AND WHOM

18. 18
She saw Oscar.
A bird.
QUESTION ANSWER
(a) What did she see?
(b) Who did she see? Oscar.
She saw a bird.
9-3 QUESTIONS WITH WHO AND WHOM
What things
Who people

19. 19
Oscar.
QUESTION ANSWER
(c) Who did she see?
(d) Whom did she see? Oscar.
Whom
Who
She saw Oscar.
She saw Oscar.
same meaning
9-3 QUESTIONS WITH WHO AND WHOM

20. 20
Whom
Who
formal English
everyday English
9-3 QUESTIONS WITH WHO AND WHOM

21. 21
Oscar.
QUESTION ANSWER
(e) Who(m) did she see?
Who(m) object of verb
She saw Oscar.
O
9-3 QUESTIONS WITH WHO AND WHOM
O

22. 22
Pedro.
QUESTION ANSWER
(g) Who did that?
(h) Who knows her?
Lea.
Pedro did that.
Lea knows her.
S
9-3 QUESTIONS WITH WHO AND WHOM
S
S
S
S
(f) Who came?
Zoe. Zoe came.
S

23. 23
Who read the email?
Mariella emailed Abe. Abe read the
message. Abe called Mariella.
Mariella.Who emailed Abe?
Abe.
Abe.Who called Mariella.
9-3 Let’s Practice

24. 24
Who went for a ride with Amin?
Jalal bought a new car. His daughter,
Amin, borrowed it. She took Jane for a
ride.
Who borrowed it?
Jalal.Who bought a new car?
Amin.
Jane.
9-3 Let’s Practice

25. 25
How much did your car cost?
9-4 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

26. 26
PRESENT PAST
cost cost
How much does
it cost ?
How much did
it cost last year?
9-4 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

27. 27
PRESENT PAST
forget forgot
Did I forget your
birthday?
I forgot your birthday
last year.
9-4 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

28. 28
PRESENT PAST
give gave
She gives me
very nice gifts.
Yesterday she
gave me a CD.
9-4 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

29. 29
PRESENT PAST
cut cut
hit hit
hurt hurt
lend lent
make made
shut shut
spend spent
understand understood
9-4 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 5)

30. 30
Did you shut
the oven door?
9-4 Let’s Practice
Yes, I
the oven door.
shut

31. 31
Did you make
that cake for me?
9-4 Let’s Practice
Yes, I it
for your birthday.
made

32. 32
Sometimes I spend
too much money.
9-4 Let’s Practice
I know. Last
week you
$200.
spent

33. 33
The wind blew very
hard yesterday.
9-5 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

34. 34
PRESENT PAST
blow blew
Sometimes the
wind blows hard.
Last week it
blew very hard.
9-5 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

35. 35
PRESENT PAST
grow grew
He grows tomatoes
in his garden.
He grew many
tomatoes last year.
9-5 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

36. 36
PRESENT PAST
swim swam
We swim in the
ocean in the
summer.
We swam in the
ocean last summer.
9-5 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

37. 37
PRESENT PAST
draw drew
fall fell
feel felt
keep kept
know knew
throw threw
win won
9-5 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 6)

38. 38
I tomatoes,
carrots, and beets.
What did you
grow in your
garden?
9-5 Let’s Practice
grew

39. 39
I know. He
off his bicycle
yesterday.
Sometimes
he falls off his
bicycle.
9-5 Let’s Practice
fell

40. 40
Teresa became a dentist.
9-6 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 7)

41. 41
PRESENT PAST
become became
You can become
a doctor.
Alisa became a
doctor last year.
9-6 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 7)

42. 42
PRESENT PAST
build built
My mom builds
office buildings.
She built a new
one in our city.
9-6 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 7)

43. 43
PRESENT PAST
bend bent
bite bit
feed fed
fight fought
hide hid
hold held
shake shook
9-6 SIMPLE PAST TENSE: IRREGULAR VERBS (GROUP 7)

44. 44
When I am scared, I ____. Yesterday
I saw a snake. I ___.
9-6 Let’s Practice
hide
hid
hide hid

45. 45
9-6 Let’s Practice
What did I do
when I saw
the snake?
You ___.hid
hide hid

46. 46
Every afternoon, we ____ the horses.
We ___ them today at 3 o’clock.fed
feed
9-6 Let’s Practice
feed fed

47. 47
What did we do at 3:00 this afternoon?
You ____________.
9-6 Let’s Practice
fed the horses
feed fed

48. 48
They ate dinner
before I arrived.
9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES
We ate dessert
after I arrived.

49. 49
(a) They ate dinner.
S V
a complete sentence
= a main clause
9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES
(b) before I arrived = a time clause
an incomplete sentence
S V

50. 50
(c) They ate dinner before I arrived.
S V
main clause time clause
A time clause must connect
with a main clause.
9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES
(d) Before I arrived, they ate dinner.
main clausetime clause
S V

51. 51
They ate dinner before I arrived.
main clause time clause
9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES

52. 52
Before I arrived, they ate dinner.
time clause, main clause
9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES

53. 53
(d) Before I arrived, they ate dinner.
time clause
before + S + V
after + S + V
time clauses
9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES
(e) We ate dessert after I arrived.
time clause
S V
S V

54. 54
(e) We ate dessert after I arrived.
main clause time clause
(f) After I arrived, we ate dessert.
main clausetime clause
9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES

55. 55
(g) I read a book after dinner.
prep. phrase
(h) I watched TV before dinner.
prep. phrase
9-7 BEFORE AND AFTER IN TIME CLAUSES
after + noun
before + noun
=
prepositional
phrase
N
N

56. 56
Before we moved to Maryland,
we lived in California.
time clause main clause
9-7 Let’s Practice
? ?

57. 57
? ?
I studied very hard
before the test.
time clause main clause
9-7 Let’s Practice

58. 58
After we studied,
we went out.
time clause main clause
9-7 Let’s Practice
? ?

59. 59
When the rain stopped,
we took a walk.
9-8 WHEN IN TIME CLAUSES

60. 60
(a) When the rain stopped, we took a walk.
We took a walk when the rain stopped.
When can introduce a time clause.
time clauses
9-8 WHEN IN TIME CLAUSES
OR

61. 61
Arnoldo lived in Peru when he was young.
noun pronoun
(Arnoldo) (he)
(b) When Arnoldo was young, he lived in Peru.
9-8 WHEN IN TIME CLAUSES
OR

62. 62
(c) When did the snow stop? = a question
(d) when the snow stopped = a time clause
a question = a complete sentence
9-8 WHEN IN TIME CLAUSES
a time clause = not a sentence

63. 63
When he served dinner,
A. I went to a party.
B. I sat down to eat.
C. she began exercising.
9-8 Let’s Practice

64. 64
A. she climbed a mountain.
When she went swimming,
B. she bought a tiger.
C. she got wet.
9-8 Let’s Practice

65. 65
A. her feet hurt.
When Josey wore her new shoes,
B. when she went to school.
C. we ran home.
9-8 Let’s Practice

66. 66
It is 7P.M. now.
Alexis is shopping.
9-9 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND PAST
PROGRESSIVE
Yesterday at 7P.M.,
Alexis was shopping.

67. 67
(a) It’s noon now. Angie is eating lunch.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
(b) I saw her at noon yesterday.
She was eating lunch.
PAST PROGRESSIVE
9-9 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND PAST
PROGRESSIVE

68. 68
(c) It’s noon. I am eating lunch.
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE FORM:
AM
IS
It’s noon. Jung is eating lunch.
It’s noon. We are eating lunch.
+ -ING
+ -ING
+ -INGARE
9-9 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND PAST
PROGRESSIVE

69. 69
(d) It was noon.
PAST PROGRESSIVE FORM:
WAS
WERE
Jung was eating lunch.
+ -ING
+ -ING
We were going to class.
9-9 PRESENT PROGRESSIVE AND PAST
PROGRESSIVE

70. 70
When I saw my teacher,
she ___________ at her
watch. She was late.
9-9 Let’s Practice
was looking
look

71. 71
When I arrived, the students
__________the test.were taking
take
9-9 Let’s Practice

72. 72
When the class started, he
_________ in his seat.was sitting
9-9 Let’s Practice
sit

73. 73
Mary went to her yoga
class last night. The
class _______ at 5:00
and ______ at 7:00.
9-9 Let’s Practice
started
ended
start
end

74. 74
She had fun while she was flying.
9-10 USING WHILE WITH THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

75. 75
(a) She had fun while she was flying.
(b) While she was flying, she had fun.
while + subject + verb = a time clause
9-10 USING WHILE WITH THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

76. 76
(a) She had fun while she was flying.
(b) While she was flying, she had fun.
activity in progress
activity happened
9-10 USING WHILE WITH THE PAST PROGRESSIVE

77. 77
He was fixing his car.
He hurt his back.
9-10 Let’s Practice
While ___________ his car
he _________his back.
,he was fixing
hurt

78. 78
It started snowing.
I was driving to work.
9-10 Let’s Practice
While ____________________,
________________.
I was driving to work
it started snowing

79. 79
While he _________________,
___________________.
He was running to work.
He looked at his watch.
9-10 Let’s Practice
he looked at his watch
was running to work
___________________ while
_______________________.
He looked at his watch
he was running to work

80. 80
Kyung emailed me
last week.
9-11 SIMPLE PAST TENSE vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE
I was studying when
Kyung emailed me.

81. 81
(a) Kyung emailed me this morning.
(b) I studied for two hours on Monday.
(c) We visited my mom on Saturday.
(d) They watched a movie last night.
began and ended
at a time in the past
Simple Past
9-11 SIMPLE PAST TENSE vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE

82. 82
activity in progress when
another action happened
(e) I was cooking when Jill came over
last night.
(f) While I was cooking last night, Jill
came over.
Past Progressive
9-11 SIMPLE PAST TENSE vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE

83. 83
(g) I ordered dinner when the waiter came over.
first
9-11 SIMPLE PAST TENSE vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE
second

84. 84
(h) When the movie ended, I walked out.
(i) When the movie ended, I was walking
out.
COMPARE
1 2
12
9-11 SIMPLE PAST TENSE vs. PAST PROGRESSIVE

85. 85
When the bell ____, we ____
home.
wentrang
9-11 Let’s Practice
ring go

86. 86
While I ___________,
my dog ________.ran away
was sleeping
9-11 Let’s Practice
sleep run away

87. 87
When I ___ my wife, I
________ in Berlin.
met
was living
9-11 Let’s Practice
meet live

88. 88
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