Business research term paper-hypothesis

1. Term Paper on
Hypothesis
Presented By:
Hareesh M
2014600120

2. Hypothesis
Hypothesis:
• Hypothesisisconsideredasthe principal instrumentinresearch.
• Its mainfunctionisto suggestnew experimentsandobservations
Definition:
• A hypothesisisaconjectural statementof the relationbetweentwoormore variables.
(Kerlinger,1956)
• Hypothesisisaformal statementthatpresentsthe expectedrelationshipbetweenan
independentanddependentvariable.(Creswell,1994)
• Hypothesisneedstobe structuredbefore the data-gatheringandinterpretationphase of the
research
• The hypothesisgivesdirectiontothe collectionandinterpretationof data
Characteristics ofhypothesis
• Hypothesisshouldbe clearandprecise.
• Hypothesisshouldbe capable of being tested
• Hypothesisshouldbe limitedinscope andmustbe specific
• Hypothesisshouldstate relationshipbetweenvariables
• Hypothesisshouldbe consistentwithmostknownfacts,amenabletotestingwithina
reasonable time
Null and Alternative Hypothesis
• The Null hypothesis(H0) isa claimof “no Significance difference between2variables”
• The Alternative hypothesis(Ha) claims“H0 is false”.OpptoNull Hypothesis
Confidence interval
• It isexpressedasapercentage andrepresentshow oftenthe true percentageof the population
whowouldpickan answerlieswithinthe confidence interval.
• The 95% confidence levelmeansyoucanbe 95% certain;
• the 99% confidence levelmeansyoucanbe 99% certain.

3. • Most researchersuse the 95% confidence level.
Level of Confidence
• A confidence level referstothe percentage of all possiblesamplesthatcanbe expectedto
include the true populationparameter.Forexample,supposeall possible sampleswere selected
fromthe same population,andaconfidence interval were computedforeachsample.A 95%
confidence levelimpliesthat95% of the confidence intervalswouldinclude the true population
parameter.
Hypothesistestingof means
 Mean of the populationcanbe testedpresuming
 differentsituationssuchasthe populationmaybe
 Normal or otherthan normal,itssample size maybe large or small,variance of the population
may be knownor unknownandthe alternative hypothesismaybe two-sidedorone sided.our
testingtechniquewilldifferindifferentsituations.
 We may considersome of the importantSituations.

4. Hypothesistestingfor differencesbetweenmeans
The null hypothesisfortestingof differencebetweenmeansisgenerallystatedas H0 : m1 = m2 ,
• wherem1 is population mean of onepopulation andm2 ispopulationmeanof the second
population,assumingboththe populationstobe normal populations.
• Alternativehypothesismaybe of not equal toor lessthanor greaterthan type as statedearlier
and accordinglywe shall determinethe acceptance orrejectionregionsfortestingthe
hypotheses.
• There may be differentsituationswhenwe are examiningthe significance of difference between
twomeans,but the followingmaybe takenasthe usual situations.