Pakistan America Relation past independence to 2021

1. ‫م‬‫ی‬‫ح‬‫الر‬‫من‬‫ح‬‫الر‬‫ہللا‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ب‬
ۤ

2. Presentation
ON
U.S.A Relations With
Pakistan

5. Islamabad
UN, SAARC,IMF,ACD,ECO
Washington DC
34
Capital
Area
Population
Belong To
23
7,96,96 Km2
G 20, G8, IMF NAFTA,
NETO,OAS UN
9,831,510 km2
Pakistan VS U.S.A

6. Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1876-1948) the
founder of Pakistan, sent his Our object should be peace
within and peace without. We want to live peacefully and
maintain cordial friendly relations with our immediate
neighbors and with the world at large

7. The foreign policy of Pakistan Aims
Develop friendly relations.
1
Unity of Islamic world
Resolve core issues
Protect interests of Pakistanis abroad
Augment economic and commercial interests
2
3
4
5

8. Pakistan–United States Relations
It is essential for a state to make sound relationship with
the countries of the world. It is also of much significance
to have better relationships with the powerful nations to
avoid defense risks. Pakistan obtained independence
from the British on August 14, 1947 while its immediate
neighbor and strongest foe, India got independence a
day later that is on August 15, 1947. Pakistan had to face
security risks from Indian side just after its
independence

9. Post Independence (1947 – 1952)
After Pakistan's independence by the
partitioning of the British India, Pakistan
followed a pro-western policy. The Indian
government followed a different, non-aligned
policy stance, which leaned closer to the Soviet
Union rather than the United States of America.
Pakistan was seeking strong alliances to counter
its neighbor, India. At this time, India was neutral
and went on to be a part of Non Aligned
Movement.

10. AYUB KHAN Era (1952 - 1969)
Pakistan joined the US-led military alliances SEATO and
CENTO. In 1954the United States signed a Mutual
Defense Assistance Agreement with
Pakistan. Under Ayub Khan, Pakistan enjoyed a strong
and healthy relationship with the United States.
Pakistan had aligned itself with the United States
during the Cold War, rather than with the Soviet
Union. Khans government also provided a secret
military base to United States. In1961, Khan paid a
state visit to the United States, accompanied by his
daughter Begum Nasir Akhtar Aurangzeb. Highlights of
the trip included astate dinner at Mount Vernon, a visit
to the Islamic Center of Washington, and a ticker tape
parade in New York City.

11. Partition Of East Pakistan (1969 – 1971 )
President Richard Nixon used Pakistan's relationship with China to start secret contacts
with China, which resulted with Henry Kissinger’s secret visit to China in July 1971 while
visiting Pakistan. America supported Pakistan throughout the war and supplied weapons
to West Pakistan although Congress had passed a bill suspending exporting weapons to
the nation. Near the end of the war and fearing Pakistan's defeat by the joint forces of
Mukti Bahini and Indian forces, Nixon ordered the USS Enterprise into the Indian Ocean,
although it was never used for actual combat fearing Russian response. Pakistan also felt
the US arms embargo affected Pakistan more than it affected India.

12. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Era (1971- 1977
As a result of 1970s election, Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto, a charismatic democratic socialist,
became President (1971-1974) and later
Prime minister in 1974. This period is seen as
a "quiet cold war" with the Pakistan who was
administer under democratic socialists led by
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. His socialist ideas favored
the communist ideas but never actually allied
with communism. Under Bhutto, Pakistan
would focused on Movement of Non-Aligned
Countries, building closer ties with Soviet
bloc and the Soviet Union.

13. Meanwhile, Bhutto tried to maintain a balance with the United
States, but such attempts were rebuffed by United States.
However, the ties were severed after Zulfikar Ali Bhutto assumed
the control of Pakistan. In 1974, with India carried out the test of
nuclear weapons near the Pakistan's eastern border, codename
Smiling Buddha, Bhutto sought United States to impose economic
sanctions in India. Though it was unsuccessful approach, in a
meeting of Pakistan's Ambassador to United States with Secretary
of State Henry Kissinger, Kissinger told Pakistan’s ambassador to
Washington that the test is “a fait accompli and that Pakistan
would have to learn to live with it,” although he was aware this is
a “little rough” on the Pakistanis.

14. In 1970s, the ties were further severed with Bhutto as Bhutto
had continued to administer the research on weapons, and in
1976, in a meeting with Bhutto and Kissinger, Kissinger had told
Bhutto, "that if you [Bhutto] do not cancel, modify or postpone
the Reprocessing Plant Agreement, we will make a horrible
example from you". The meeting was ended by Bhutto as he had
replied: "For my country’s sake, for the sake of people of
Pakistan, I did not succumb to that black-mailing and threats".
After the meeting, Bhutto intensified his nationalization and
industrialization policies, as well as aggressively taking steps to
spurred the scientific research on atomic weapons and the
atomic bomb project.

15. Bhutto authorized the construction of Chagai weapon-
testing laboratories, whilst United States opposed the
action and predicted that it will lead to a massive and
destructive war between India and Pakistan in the
future. The atomic bomb project became fully mature in
1978; and a first cold test was conducted in 1983. Bhutto
called upon Organization of Islamic Conference in order
to bring Muslim world together but after months, the
pro-United States Muslim nations and United States
itself took the promised step and Bhutto was declared as
the corrupted one, as a result the Bhutto was hanged in
1979.

16. Zia era (1977–1988)
In 1979, a group of Pakistani students burned
the American embassy in Islamabad to the
ground killing two Americans. After the
removal and death of Bhutto, the Pakistan's
ties with United States were better and
improved. Following the Soviet invasion of
Afghanistan, ISI and CIA ran multi-billion dollar
worth Operation Cyclone to thwart the
communist regime as well as defeating Soviets
in Afghanistan.

17. Throughout the military regime of General Zia-ul-Haq, the ties
and relations were promoted at its maximum point, and United
States had given billion dollars of economical and military aid to
Pakistan.
In the 1980s, Pakistan agreed to pay $658 million for 28 F-16
fighter jets from the United States; however the American
congress froze the deal citing objections to Pakistani nuclear
ambitions. Under the terms of the American cancellation, they
kept both the money and the planes, leading to angry claims of
theft by Pakistanis

18. Democratic governments (1988–1998)
Nawaz Sharif Benazir
Bhutto

19. Democratic governments (1988–1998)
The 1990s was an era of intense upheaval in Pakistan.
During this time Pakistani leaders also asked the United
States to take steps to stop the Indian nuclear program,
Pakistan felt the US was not doing enough to address what
Pakistan saw as an existential threat. Pakistan found itself
in a state of extremely high insecurity as tensions mounted
with India and Afghanistan’s infighting continued.
Pakistan’s alliance with the U.S. was strained due to factors
such as its support for the Taliban and public distancing of
the Pakistani government from the U.S.

20. In 1992 US Ambassador Nicholas Platt advised
Pakistani leaders that if Pakistan continued to support
terrorists in India or Indian-administered territory,
"the Secretary of State may find himself required by
law to place Pakistan on the state sponsors of
terrorism list. "When the US decided to respond to
the 1998 United States embassy bombings in Africa
by firing missiles at an al-Qaeda camp in Taliban-
controlled Afghanistan, five Pakistani intelligence
agents present at the camp were killed.

21. 1995: Benazir Bhutto visited United States and requested president Bill Clinton
to lift the embargoes on Pakistan and launch a joint operation to eradicate
militancy from the region. As a reaction to Bhutto’s proposal, Brown amendment,
which provided for the delivery of $ 360 million of military equipment purchased
but not received by Pakistan before the imposition of Pressler amendment
sanctions in 1990, was passed; however, the sanctions on arms were not lifted.
1998: Prime minister Nawaz Sharif conducted nuclear test in Baluchistan, in
retaliation to similar tests conducted by India, which invited the wrath of
Clinton’s administration on both the countries. President Clinton imposed
sanctions under Glenn amendment on India as well as Pakistan.
Glenn amendment included suspension of aid, including economic development
assistance, credits and credit guarantees by the US government, US bank loans to
the governments of India and Pakistan, loans from international financial
institutions, such as the IMF and World Bank, and exports of dual-use nuclear or
missile items.

22. The Clinton Administration did show some initial sympathy
for the Pakistani stand on Kashmir, but over the course of
the 1990s Pakistan’s support of the Taliban, links with
terrorist groups and increasingly radicalized Islamic society
strained relations between the two countries. The 1999
coup by General Musharraf was received with a
combination of trepidation and equanimity by the US. The
post-1999 phase witnessed a qualitative intensification in
diplomatic interaction between these two countries. This
change is exemplified by exchange of visits by senior
officials and politicians, the withdrawal of various sanctions
imposed on Pakistan, transfer of weapons and provision of
aid

24. After 9/11, Pakistan, led by General Pervez Musharraf, reversed course
as they were under pressure from the United States and joined the
"War on Terror" as a U.S. ally. Having failed to convince the Taliban to
hand over bin Laden and other members of Al Qaeda, Pakistan
provided the U.S. a number of military airports and bases for its attack
on Afghanistan, along with other logistical support. Since 2001,
Pakistan has arrested over five hundred Al-Qaeda members and
handed them over to the United States; senior U.S. officers have been
lavish in their praise of Pakistani efforts in public while expressing their
concern that not enough was being done in private. However, General
Musharraf was strongly supported by the Bush administration

25. In 2003, the US officially forgave US$1 billion in Pakistani debt in a ceremony
in Pakistan in turn for Pakistan joining the US 'war on terror'. "Today's signing
represents a promise kept and another milestone in our expanding
partnership," US Ambassador Nancy Powell said in a statement, "The
forgiveness of $1 billion in bilateral debt is just one piece of a multifaceted,
multi-billion dollar assistance package." The new relationship between the
United States and Pakistan is not just about September 11,' Powell said. "It is
about the rebirth of a long-term partnership between our two countries."
However, Pakistan support of the U.S. and its war has angered many
Pakistanis that do not support it. In October 2005, Condoleezza Rice made a
statement where she promised that the United States will support the
country's earthquake relief efforts and help it rebuild" after the Kashmir
earthquake

26. Democratic governments (2008–Today)

27. Since the beginning of 2012, various political parties along with
the military command of the country, met and held discussions
on restoring NETO supplies. Diplomats from United States also
tried to reduce the friction. Prime Minister Yousef Raza Gilani
said that the supplies were blocked without any pressure and
will be restored with consensus . Moreover, NETO Secretary
General Anders Fogh Rasmussen urged Pakistan to reopen
NETO ground supply routes to Afghanistan. However,
Rasmussen also said that Pakistan had not been invited to the
crucial 25th NETO summit to be held in May in Chicago.

28. Simultaneously, in a sudden shift in events, NETO, on May 15,
said that it will invite President Zardari to the alliance’s summit in
Chicago, after the country’s foreign minister proposed reopening
its Afghan border to NETO military supplies. President Zardari
accepted the invitation and decided to attend the summit.
However, top Pakistani leaders decided to meet on May 15, in order to
discuss ending a blockade of foreign military supply routes into Afghanistan
and repairing US relations , signaling a rapprochement ahead of a NETO
summit.

29. 2014 and 2015: Rapprochement
Following years of poor inter-governmental relations, the two countries
began to cooperate more closely – particularly following the United States'
use of drone missiles to strike at Pakistan's most-wanted militant Mullah
Fazaullah on November 24, 2014, whom they "narrowly missed". The
United States later used drone missiles to kill several of Pakistan's most
wanted militants who were hiding in a remote region close to the Afghan
border in November 2014. The Pakistani Zarb-E-Azb operation against
militant in North Waziristan also, in the words of Lt. Gen. Joseph Anderson,
"fractured" the Haqqani Network long accused by the United States of
having a safe harbor in Pakistan.

30. The United States then captured and transferred a
senior Taliban commander, Latif Mehsud, to Pakistan,
which had been seeking his arrest.
On February 11, 2016, US government has proposed
US$860 million in aid for Pakistan during the 2016–
17 fiscal year, including $265 million for military
hardware in addition to counterinsurgency funds

31. On August 21, 2017, Donald Trump announced his new
strategy for Afghan War and accused Pakistan of providing
safe havens to terrorists. "The Pakistani people have
suffered greatly from terrorism and extremism. We
recognize those contributions and those sacrifices, but
Pakistan has also sheltered the same organizations that try
every single day to kill our people", Trump said. Moreover,
Trump also urged India for its role in the war which was
seen, by many in Pakistan, as an anti-Pak strategy.
2017: New Afghan Policy

32. Trump's speech led to rise of anti-American sentiments
in Pakistan and protests against Trump were held
across the country. Two months later, Trump tweeted
that he was starting to develop better relations with
the Pakistani government. On January 1, 2018, Donald
Trump again criticized Pakistan, saying "they have given
us nothing but lies and deceit".
Pakistan has increasingly distanced itself from the US
and is now listed on China's side on power equation,
while India has become it's strategic partner.

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