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Biological factors behind human aggression
- 1. BIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO AGGRESSION RECAP SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OVERVIEW OF BIOLOGICAL FACTORS FOCUS ON GENETIC PREDISPOSITION TO AGGRESSION
- 2. EXPLANATIONS SO FAR… • Social Learning Theory • Deindividuation Theory
- 5. • Vicarious Learning e.g. Saw others rioting and gaining food, electrical goods etc.. as a reward. • Imitation - Therefore..felt it was acceptable to join in • Self Efficacy/Monitoring – Prior positive experience repetition of behaviour
- 6. DEINDIVIDUATION • Normal constraints on behaviour are weakened when a person loses their sense of individuality • Crowds, uniforms, drugs & alcohol • Less likely to be identified & held responsible for aggressive behaviour • Anonymityrdeindividuationreduced inhibitions aggression
- 7. DEINDIVIDUATION THEORY • Anonymity – Crowd; hidden identity; dark; city • Agent – Belief in meaningful protest • Diffused Responsibility – Belief that situations have led them to this position
- 8. “Biological psychologists explain human behaviour and experience through human biology.”
- 10. • Hormones e.g. Testosterone • Neural Anatomy e.g. The Limbic System (reduced activation in PFC) • Neurotransmitters e.g. Serotonin and Dopamine • Genes e.g. MAOA – regulates Serotonin and Dopamine; XYY
- 11. INSTITUTIONAL AGGRESSION ARGUMENT • Zimbardo’s argument… • ‘The Lucifer Effect’ • Named after God’s favourite angel who fell from grace and became Satan
Editor's Notes
- What factors could cause aggression in london riots
- Social learning theory is part of the behavioural approach, it also includes classical and operant conditioning, which we will cover later on the course. However, for now we will look at explaining aggression through the social learning theory. Same again...explain the main assumptions. Then brainstorm how these could explain aggression as group.
- Social learning theory suggests that aggressive behaviour is caused by watching how others behave and then copying it. This is called imitation. Most importantly the child needs to see the aggressive behaviour being reinforced. This is known as vicarious learning. E.g. Watching a superhero film where the superhero wins through hitting the villian’s. We also monitor our behaviour. This means we judge our own behaviour from how we feel about it. If we feel good about hitting someone, then we will repeat this behaviour.
- Explain this statement briefly, then get them to think of what they have just discussed and what are they key biological aspects?
- Can anyone explain what these are? (class discussion – hands up activity) Then go through and explain each. Then get them to link these to aggression, very basically e.g. Might be a gene that causes aggression, does anyone know any hormones that might explain it?
- Hormones: Males tend to be more aggressive than females, this could be because they have hormonal differences e.g. Higher levels of testosterone. Neural Anatomy: Aggression is caused by interactions between different parts of the brain e.g. The Limbic System which controls instinctive behaviour. The part of the brain that stops us from being aggressive is the Prefrontal Cortex and is involved in learning when a behaviour is appropriate or not. Neurotransmitters: These are chemical messengers in the brain that carry signals between neurons and other cells in the brain. Low levels of Serotonin and high levels of Dopamine have been linked to aggressive behaviour Genes: MAOA is a gene that has been linked to aggression and helps to regulate Serotonin and Dopamine
- Situationist