2. SECTION 1: SOCIAL,
ENVIRONMENTAL, AND OTHER
LIFE FACTORS
( S.E.L.F)
SECTION II: WHAT
PHILOSOPHY SAYS ABOUT THE
SELF
SECTION III: WHAT
SCIENCE SAYS ABOUT THE
SELF
A.) AN OVERVIEW
OF SELF OR
IDENTITY
B.) NATURE VS.
NURTURE
C.) IDENTITY VS.
SELF
D.)
DIMENSIONALITIES
OF SELF OR
IDENTITY
A.) BIOLOGICAL/
PHYSIOLOGICAL
SCIENCE
B.) SOCIAL SCIENCES
A.) PHILOSOPHY OF
THE SELF
B.)CLASSICAL
ANTIQUITY
C.) TOWARDS
MODERN
PHILOSOPHY
3. SECTION 1: AN OVERVIEW OF ITSELF/
IDENTITY
• Every time the “ I” is mentioned, the self is highlighted as the “actor”.
( e.g., I will go to school, I hang out with my friends, I like to eat burger)
• Further, the pronoun “me” is usually used as the object.
( e.g., tell me about it, give me something, it makes me feel awesome)
• The self composes both the “ I” as an actor and “me” as the object.
4. NATURE VS. NURTURE
• Nature- the natural basis of the self is anchored on biology and explains
that human traits are passed from one generation to another.
•Nurture- argues that self should be principally viewed as an outcome of
various nurturing factors in context of one's life.
5. IDENTITY VS. SELF
•Identity – qualities or beliefs that make a particular
person or group different from others.
•Self- refers to the person that someone normally or truly
is, or the entire person of an individual.
6. DIMENSIONALITIES OF
THE SELF/IDENTITY
• The identity of a person is highlighted by a dominant trait
which makes him or her distinguishable from others.
• In most cases, the identity of a person can be best depicted using
certain traits that would that would set him or her apart from
others.
• Unfortunately, you will find it difficult to describe a person who
belongs to the so called “average” category.
7. • In this case, several observable traits should be combined to
effectively described.
•Developmental and social scientists have identified social factor as an
agent of one’s being.
• In this social group, an individual does not only acquire biological
characteristics but also learn, both directly and indirectly, certain
behaviors and characters.
8. • During the waning stage, or the stage in which the child slowly gains
independence and withdraws from strong parental attachment, he or she
starts identifying with other people outside the family.
• Social factors are strong foundations of one’s being.
• Personality, therefore, is the individual patterns of thinking, feeling, and
behaving. It is said that no two people would have an identical personality,
and that every individual is unique.
9. • The extent to which social factors influence one’s identity or being is inarguably
encompassing. That is, the characteristics of significant others in a person’s life
can vitally impact his or her distinctiveness.
• Meanwhile, a less obvious factor simultaneously affects one’s being or character.
It is the natural force called the environmental factor.
• Unlike the social factor, the environmental factor broadly includes the physical
and communal elements present in everyday surroundings, and are invariably
dealt with by individuals in a specific geographic region or area.
10. • Other factors also significantly contribute to one’s identity or
being, some of which already operate at the time of
conception like the hereditary factor.
• Heredity is a biological process by which certain traits and
characteristics are passed from one generation to another.
• Person-volition factor refers to the inclination of a person to
form and construct a specific identity that will set him apart
from others.
11. SECTION II: PHILOSOPHY OF THE
SELF
• Philosophy is often called the mother of all disciplines simply
because all fields of study began as philosophical discourses.
• The self has been defined as “ a unified being, essentially
connected to consciousness, awareness, and agency”.
12. CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY
• Classical Antiquity, spanning from ancient Greece to Rome, was a
significant period characterized by cultural, intellectual, and artistic
achievements that continue to influence and shape modern civilization.
• This aphorism was Socrate's guiding principle that he imparted to his
students.
• Plato's conceptualization of the self was profoundly introduced in his
dialogue.
13. • Plato's conceptualization of the self was profoundly introduced
in his dialogue.
• The essence provides meaning and purpose to the matter, and the
matter provides substance and sodality.
• “You can only understand humans in the context of their
history"
16. SECTION 3:BIOLOGICAL/
PHYSIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
• Biology Science believes us to be consequences of our genetics and
physiology.
• The exploration of human body from physical perspective paved the way
For a complete understanding the self, consciousness, a fundamental care
of the self, is influenced by inner dynamics and environments.
17. • Neuro Philosophy
• Paul and Patricia Churchland
• States that order to understand how the brain works and functions,
One must understand the brain with the help of evidence from
neuroscience to polish concepts such as free will.
• They added that the philosophical approach of free will, common
sense and contentiousness must be discussed by the use of framework
of neuroscience as advances in this field seemingly gather with how
people think, feel and behave.
18. •Psycho Neuro Immunology
•Defined as the study of interactions between
behavior, neural and endocrine function, and
immune processes.
19. • In the study of immune system, our bodily defenses
rejects the harmful foreign materials that enters our body
and builds up on the current, molecules to become a
healthy bodily system. In contrary, some foreign matters
that infiltrates one’s bodily system can be beneficial and
thus it
• Humans use the advantage of their innate attributes and
most likely to reject any materials that can be lethal or
harmful to the body and to the well-being.
20. SOCIAL SCIENCES
• Psychology studies human behavior, viewing the self as a
theoretical construct. The Science of Self, rooted in various
theories, includes constructs like self-awareness, self-
construal, self-esteem, self-efficacy, and self-regulation,
indicating its importance in characterizing human
psychological and personal attributes.
21. • Self-awareness is a psychological attribute that identifies an
individual's strengths, weaknesses, and potentials.
• The self-concept, an implicit personality theory, describes one's
appearance, sound, and behavior, providing a close scientific
representation of the self.
• Psychoanalysis, proposed by Sigmund Freud, focuses on the
unconscious, influencing behavior.
22. • Behaviorism, on the other hand, studies
behavior from an observable perspective,
attributed to environment conditioning.
• Social cognitive theory, a revised version
of behaviorism, considers behavior as a
function of environment and internal
attributes.
23. •Humanistic perspective, on the other hand,
believes in individual strengths and
inherently good nature.
•Sociology studies collective behavior within
society, focusing on social problems faced
by individuals.
24. Economics- analyzes production, distribution, and
consumption of goods and services, influencing
individuals’ value systems and sense of self, and
their equitable distribution to society
