The document discusses different types of in situ conservation and protected areas in India, including wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, biosphere reserves, mangroves, and coral reefs. It provides examples and descriptions of some of India's most important wildlife sanctuaries and national parks, such as Gir Wildlife Sanctuary, Corbett National Park, and Kaziranga National Park. It also summarizes the zones and benefits of biosphere reserves, different types of mangroves found in India, and coral reef ecosystems.

1. IN SITU CONSERVATION / PROTECTED
AREAS

2. Content
• Wildlife Sanctuaries
• National parks
• Biosphere reserves
• Mangroves
• Coral reefs

3. Wildlife Sanctuaries
Inroduction
• wildlife sanctuary , is a naturally occurring
sanctuary , such as an island, that provides
protection for species from hunting predation or
competition .
• An international organization , the IUCN and its
world commission on protected areas, has defined
“Wildlife sanctuary” as its category IV type of
procted areas.
• The sanctuary are generally the safe havens, where
the resident animals are given the opportunity to
behave as naturally as possible a protective
environment and mainting each animal until his or
her natural death .

4. • India’s wildlife is rich and diverse, almost 4% of india’s
land is under forests .
• India has over 442 animals sanctuaries , referred to as
wildlife sanctuaries .
• The wildlife sanctuaries in India are home to around
2000 different species of birds , 3500 species of
mammals , nearly 30000 different kinds of insects and
more than 15000 varieties of plants .
• These sanctuary and forest reserves are home to serval
endangered species of animal and birds like the Asiatic
elephant , the Royal Bengal tiger , the snow leopard and
the Siberian Crane .

5. Name of sanctuary District Major wildlife supported
Kutch Desert wildlife
sanctuary
Kutch Chinkara, hyena, fox,
flamingo, pelicans
Wild Ass sanctuary Kutch Nilgai, blackbuck, onager
wolf, fox, waterfowl
Gir wildlife sanctuary Junagadh Lion, leopard, chausinga,
sambar,herpetofauna, birds
Jessore sloth Bear
sanctuary
Banaskantha Slothbear, leopard, hyena
,birds,herpetofauna
Balaram Ambaji wildlife
sanctuary
Banaskantha Fauna, lion
Important wild life sanctuary in India

6. National parks
• The IUCN has defined National park as its category
II type of Protected areas .
• A large area of beautiful land that is protected by
the government so that the public can enjoy it .
• There are 104 national park in India .
• The national park in India helps us to know the
unknown treasures of wildlife hidden in the
sanctuaries all around India .
• National park are always open for the visitors ,most
national parks provide outdoor and camping to
educate the public on the importance of
conservation .

7. Corbett national Park
• Location :- Uttarakhand
• India’s one of the first and well known national Park
for tigers .
• The park had a large area , which is divided into 5
zones .
• First zone Jhima is open to public all around the year
and other zones closed during monsoon .

8. Gir National Park
• Location :- Gujarat
• Established in 1965 with a total area of 1412 km² for the
sanctuary .
• It is the sole home of the Asiatic lions and is considered to
be one of the most important supported species .

9. Kaziranga National Park
• Location :- Assam
• A world heritage site, Located on the edge of the
Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot, the park
combines high species diversity and visibility .
• The park is large breeding populations of tigers,
elephant , wild water buffalo , and swamp deer .

10. Important National park in India
• Velavadar National Park - Gujarat
• Bandipur and Nagarhole National Park - Karnataka
• Kanha , Shivpuri , Bandhavgarh and Panna National
Park - Madhya Pradesh
• Simplipal National Park - Orissa
• Ranthambore National Park - Rajasthan

11. Biosphere Reserves
• These are special category of protected areas of
land or coastal environment where people are an
integral component of the system .
• The concept of biosphere was 1971 as a part of
UNESCO’S man & biosphere program .
• It serves in some ways living Laboratories for testing
out and demonstrating integrated management of
land, Water & biodiversity .
• 562 Reserves in 109 countries .

12. Zones of Biosphere
• A biosphere reserve is devided into 3 zones .
1 . Core Zone :-
• Core zone is the inner zone.
• Which is strongly protected for the conservation of biological
diversity to make sure that different types of plants and
animals are safe from human impact .
2 . Buffer Zone :-
• Buffer zones is between the core and transition zone .
• Some research and educational activities are permitted here
.

13. 3 . Transition Zone :-
• The zone is outer most part of the biosphere reserves
.
• This area is for local communities that have a hand
in managing the resources of the area through farming
and other non governmental activities .

14. Indian Biosphere Reserves
• Namdapha – Arunachal Pradesh
• Valley of flowers - Uttar Pradesh
• Gulf of Mannar - Tamil Nadu
• Sundarbans - West Bengal
• Thar desert - Rajasthan
• Manas - Assam
• Little Rann of Kutch - Gujarat
• Nanda Devi - Uttar Pradesh
• Kaziranga - Assam
• Kanha - Madhya Pradesh

15. Mangroves
• Tropical plants that are adapted to loose , wet soil , salt
water and being periodically submerged by tides .
• Fast growing tress that can reach up to 25 meters .
• Unique because they can thrive in all types of water.
• 80 species of mangroves found throughout world .
• 42% mangroves are located in Australia , 21% in Africa ,
15% in north –central America , 12% in Oceania , and
11% in south America .

16. Types of Mangroves
Red Mangroves White mangroves
Black Mangroves

17. Mangroves sites in India

18.  Benefits of Mangroves
• Mangroves root system provides a filtering system for
run off from the guts of our islands ,allowing the
sediments to be removed before entering open water .
• This sediment would otherwise cover and kill coral reef
colonies .
• Protect land from soil erosion .
• Pollution control
• Provide food
• Nursery areas

19. Coral Reefs
• One of the most biological diverse and productive
ecosystem .
• Found in warm, clear ,and shallow tropical oceans
on calcium carbonate substrate deposited by reef
building corals and other calcified organism .
• Coral reefs are built by colonies of tiny animals
found in marine water and contain few nutrients .
• Most coral reefs are built from stony corals , which
in turn consist of polyps cluster in groups .

20.  Types of coral reefs
1. Platform reefs :-
• Platform reefs usually lie far off the
shore .they are flat topeed reefs
with shallow lagoons .
2. Fringing reefs :-
• They are one of the few coral animals that
can with stand the climate of the tropical
Water .
• They can tolerate the warm , nutrient-poor
surface .

21. 3 . Barrier reefs :-
• Serves as barrier between the ocean and
the land . They slow down the harsh waves,
protecting the coast .
• only grows where there has been a change of
sea level on the adjacent coast .
4 . Atolls reefs :-
• Atolls are rings of coral that create protected
lagoons and are usually located in the middle
of the sea .

22.  Marine places to see coral reefs in india
 Lakshadweep
 Gulf of Kutch
 Gulf of Mannar
 Andaman and Nicobar Islands
 Netrani Island in Karnataka

23. References
• Environmental Sciences
By: Dr. Jayant Gangrediwar
• WWW. Google . Com

24. THANK YOU