Conservation of biodiversity isThus, variability among living organisms from all sources including inter alia, terrestrial, marine & other aquatic ecosystems and ecological complexes of which they are part of.

1. By
Vaibhavi Apte
 P.RAJU
 M.sc BIOTECHNOLOGY
 H.NO: 17000S1625
 Kaktiya univrsity

2. BIODIVERSITY ?
• Diversity = variety
• Bio= living
• Thus, variability among living organisms from all
sources including inter alia, terrestrial, marine &
other aquatic ecosystems and ecological complexes
of which they are part of.

3. LEVELS OF BIODIVERSITY….
Genetic
• Genes within same
species show
variation
• E.g. Colour & sizes
of Rose
Species
• Represents
species richness &
abundance in a
community
• No. of plants,
animals, birds in
an area.
Ecosystem
• Diversity in complex
systems in physical,
ecological, food
web, nutrient
cycling
• Diversity in forest

4. WHAT IS CONSERVATION
• Conservation is the preservation, protection, management,
restoration of wild life and natural recourses such as forest
and lakes.
• Considering the rich diversity and the threats conservation of
2 two types
• In-situ conservation (at the place)
• Ex-situ conservation (out of the place)

5. CONSERVATION TYPES

6. IN-SITUCONSERVATION
(PROTECTED AREAS,NATIONAL PARKS, SANCTUARIES, BIO-SPHERES RESERVES,
SCARED FOREST & LAKES)
• It a process of protecting an endangered plant or animal
species in its natural habitat, either by protecting or
cleaning of habitat it self, or by defending of the species
from predators
• In-situ conservation is one of situ conservation or the
conservation of genetic resource in natural population
plant or animal species such as forest genetic resource in
natural population of tree species
• It is applied to conservation of agricultural biodiversity in
agro forestry by farmers, especially those used
unconventional farming practice. In-situ conservation
done by declaring area as protected area.

7. NATIONAL PARKS
• National park is an area which is strictly reserved for
the betterment of wildlife and where activity like
forestry, grazing on cultivation not permitted in these
park. Even private ownership rights are not allowed.
• Their bounders well marked, they are usually small
reserves spreading in an area of 100s.q km to 500s.q
km in national park, the emphasis on the preservation
of a signal plant or animal species.

8. NATIONAL PARK

10. National Parks:
 Jim Corbett National
park
 Kanha
 Ranthambore
 Bandhavgarh
 Periyar
 Tadoba
 Sariska
 Gir
 Kaziranga
Sanctuaries:
• Bharatpur bird Sanctuary
• Karnala
• Ranganthittoo
• Wild Ass
• Jaldapara
• Nagzira
• Radhanagari
• Great Indian Bustard
IMPORTANT NATIONAL PARKS , SANCTUARIES

11. • A Wildlife Sanctuary is a protected area which reserved
for the conservation of only animals and human
activates like harvesting of timber, collecting of minor
forest products and private ownership rights allowed as
long as don’t interfere with well being animals.
Bounders of Sanctuary not will defined and controlled
biotic interference is permitted, e.g. Tourist activity.

13. • Biospheres reserves:
• It is a special category of protected areas where human
population also form a part of the system. They are large
protected area usually more than 5000s.q km a biosphere
reserve has 3parts core, buffer & transition zone.
• Core:
• Core zone is an inner zone; This is undistributed legally
protected area.
• Buffer zone:
• Buffer zone lies between the core and transition zone some
research and educational activates are permitted hear.
• Transition zone:
• Transition zone is the outer most zone part of the biosphere
reserve. Hear cropping, forestry, recreation, fishery and other
activities are allowed.

15. • Ex-situ conservation is the preservation of components
of biological diversity outside their natural habitat.
• This involves conservation of genetic resources, as well
as wild and cultivated or species, draws on a diverse
body of techniques and facilitates.
• Such strategy include establishment of botanical
gardens, zoos, conservational strands and gene, pollen
seed, seedling, tissue culture and DNA banks.

16. • Seed banks:
These are cooled storages where seeds are kept under controlled
temperature and humidity for storage and this is easy way to store
germ plasma of plant at low temperature. Seed preserve under
controlled condition(minus temperature) remain viable long duration
of time
• Gene banking:
• Genetic variability also is preserved by gene bank under normal
growing conditions. These are cooled storages where germ plasm
are kept under controlled temperature and humidity for storage;
This is an important way of preserving
• Cryopreservation:
• This is newest application of technology for preservation of biotic
parts. This type of conservation is done by at low temperature (-196)
in liquid nitrogen. The metabolic activity of organisms are
suspended under low temperature, which are later used to research
purpose.

17. • Botanical gardens:
• A botanical garden is a place where flowers, fruits and
vegetables grown. The botanical garden provide beauty and
clam environment. Most of them have started keeping
exotic plants for education and research purses.
• Tissue culture banks:
• Cryopreservation of disease free meristem is very helpful.
Long term culture of excised roots and shoots are
maintained. meristem culture is very popular in plant
propagation as it’s a virus and disease free method of
multiplication.
• zoological gardens:
• In zoos wild animals are maintained in captivity and
conservation of wild animals.(endangered species).

18. PROTECTION BY LAW AND
WORK BY ORGANIZATIONS, NGO’S
• Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
• Biological Diversity Act, 2002
• CITES : The Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of wild fauna and flora.
• World Conservation Union (formerly IUCN)
The International Union for the Conservation of Nature
• Indian Wildlife Board (IBWL)
• WWF: Worldwide Fund for Nature
• BNHS: Bombay Natural History Society