The BMS is a product or technology that manages and controls the batteries in an electric vehicle

1. BATTERY ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
(BEM)

2. Content Covered
• What is Battery Energy Management(BEM) system
• Need Of BEM
• What does it Deal with
• Basics functions of BEM system
• Topology of BEM system
• Key BEM technologies

3. WHAT is Battery Energy Management(BEM)
system?
• The BMS is a product or technology that manages and controls the batteries .
• The schematic diagram of a typical BMS consisting of various sensors, actuators,
controllers of the algorithms and the signal lines, etc.
• Its main task is to ensure the safety and reliability of the battery system, provide
the state information required for vehicle control and energy management and
take appropriate decisions on the battery system in the event of abnormal
conditions

4. Need Of BEM system
•H-I-R-E
• Heart Of all energy storage system.
• Increases overall efficiency of the battery.
• Reduces the risk of battery damage.
• Ensures optimum usage of battery in portable of stationary system.

5. What does it Deal with?
• It is supposed to collect information on terminal voltage, current,
temperature and other information of the pack and each cell in real
time through the sampling circuit, and use the embedded algorithms
and strategies to estimate the battery SOC (State of Charge),
SOH(State of Health) , SOP (State of Power) and RUL (Remaining
Useful life).
• Then this required information is collected by VCU(Vehicle Control
Unit), which instead prepares a model for Battery Management and
Energy Distribution for the EV’S .

6. Basics Functions Of BEM
1.Data Collection (DC)
• The working environment of the battery in the EV is very complicated.
• The main emphasis on DC refers to collect the data such as terminal
voltage, current, temperature and other information of the pack and
each cell in real time through the sampling circuit.
• It Does it all in real time ,due to adapt to the battery in complex and
variable environments ,road conditions or change in the driver.
• Hence the load on the battery is not constant but fluctuating.
• Therefore Collection of Data in necessary to prepare counter measures .

8. 2.State Monitoring (SM)
• State Monitoring refers to analyzing the battery state in real time by
estimate the states of the pack(Battery of EV) based on the real-time
collected battery data .
• This is done by using the embedded algorithms and strategies, so as to
obtain the battery states at each moment, including the SOC, SOH, SOP,
and state of energy (SOE), providing support for the real-time states
analysis of the battery.

9. 3.Saftey Protection
• Safety protection function mainly deals with online fault diagnosis and
safety control of the battery system.
• The online fault diagnosis with working of backhand running
algorithms(fault diagnosis algorithm) based on the collected sensor
signals find out failure or faults to be diagnosed in the battery.
• Such as management generally include overvoltage (over-charge), under
voltage (over discharge),
• smog, overcurrent, ultra high temperature, short-circuit, joints loose,
reduced insulation, and electrolyte leakage, as well as the faults of
electronic components such as sensors, actuators, and controllers.
• BMS needs to make indicate warnings and take corresponding measures
to intervene as soon as possible to ensure the safety of EVs after
diagnosing the fault types.

10. 4.Charging Control
• The charging process of the battery directly affects the lifetime and
safety of the battery.
• BMS has a necessity of a charging management module to control the
charging of the battery according to the real-time characteristics, the
temperature of the battery and the power level of the charger.

11. 5.Energy Management
• The driving conditions of the EVs is complex. The random driving
operations such as rapid acceleration, sudden braking, uphill, and
downhill can result in complex and variable dynamic loads.
• Due to this BEM should supply the energy efficiently based on the data
from the battery output to the EVs.
• Also regenerative braking energy , also should be transferred back in
order to recharge the battery.

12. 6.Equalization Management
• Owing to error accumulation in the storage , transportation and
production process of the cells.
• In order to fully utilize the energy stored in the cells and ensure the safety
of the pack, the BMS needs to adopt an active or passive equalization
method according to the information of the cells, reducing the
inconsistency of the cells.

13. 7. Thermal management
• Battery is not only affected by ambient temperature alone but also by
temperature during charge and discharge.
• BMS needs to equip the battery thermal management module to
determine the intensity of active heating/cooling according to the
temperature distribution information ,and charge/discharge requirements
in the pack.
• Therefore , batteries can work at a suitable temperature range, to
maximize the performance and extend the lifetime.

14. 8. Information Management
• The BMS has to segregate a lot of data in real time.
• It needs to integrate many function modules and communicate with
them .
• BMS needs to manage and filter the data of the batteries, store critical
data, and communicate with network nodes such as the vehicle
controllers.
• BMS also needs to interact with the cloud platform in real time to better
handle the management problems of the battery and improve
management quality.

15. Topology For BMS
• The topology of BMS is very important for large-scale battery
management.
• The topology of the BMS directly affects the cost, reliability, the
convenience of installation, and maintenance and measurement
accuracy of the system.
• Consists of
1. Centralized Topology
2. Distributed Topology

16. Centralized Topology
• In a Centralized topology the BMC(Battery Management Circuit) and
BCU(Battery Control Unit) all are mounted on a single PCB.
• To realize the functions of data collection, calculation, safety
monitoring, switch management, charge and discharge control, and
communication with the vehicle controller.
• Centralized Topology is used for small battery capacity.

18. • Advantages
1. High speed intra bond communication for transmitting synchronous
data.
2. Low cost
3. Compact Structure
• Disadvantages
1. It produces a large number of complex wires and connectors.
2. It is difficult to protect the battery system when short-circuits and
overcurrent occur in different parts of the system.

19. Distributed Topology
• Different from the centralized topology, the BCU and BMC in the
distributed topology are arranged separately.
• Here the BCU and BMC are attached to the CAN(Controller Area
Network) bus.
• Usage of Distributes Topology
• Tesla Model S, BMW i3 etc. Adopted this topology.

21. • Advantages
1. The fault is easy to check, and the calculation efficiency is high.
2. The structure of the system is simplified.
Disadvantages
1. The large number of components call for more PCBs and steps of
installation, debugging, and disassembly.
2. As it is easy to form network delay and affect the collected data.

22. Development Process of BMS

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