The document discusses battery management systems (BMS). A BMS monitors and controls rechargeable batteries to protect battery health, prolong lifetime, and ensure safe operation. Key functions of a BMS include measuring cell voltages, temperatures, and currents; calculating state of charge and health; performing balancing; analyzing battery status; and communicating with charging and load systems. A BMS uses either passive or active balancing to equalize voltages across battery cells and packs. BMS are critical components in electric vehicles, grid energy storage, backup power systems, and space applications to optimize battery performance and safety.

1. Battery Management System
By:- Vandana

2. Contents
• Need of BMS
• BMS
• Applications

3. Objective of BMS
• Risk of damage inflicted upon battery is
minimized.
• Increase overall system efficiency like battery life.
• Ensure optimum usage of energy inside the
battery powering the portable/stationary system.
• Enhances system run time reliability by
maintaining battery system accurate
• Heart of all types of energy storage technology.

4. Key Functions of BMS
• Power-up: System check and power up
• Measuring: Cell and Pack V/T/I, Diagnosis.
• Data Gathering: Cell V/T/I, System Diagnosis
• Calculation: SoC/SoH, Power Limit, Balancing, Data
Verification.
• Analysis/Judgement: Battery Status, Soundness of
BMS/Electrical parts
• Recovery
• Control Communication: PRA, Cooling, Charger,
CAN/SPI
• Power Down: Data save, system power down

5. Balancing
• Passive Balancing: discharge to lower balance
the cell voltage and have constant thermal
state through out the pack. Resistor is used
• Active Balancing: Higher battery cell to lower
battery cell. Capacitor is used.

6. BMS for Systems
• cutoff FETs, a fuel gauge monitor, cell voltage
monitor, cell voltage balance, real time clock
(RTC), temperature monitors and a state
machine

7. Applications
• Grid connected and off grid.
– Utility Grid
– Off grid power storage and power transfer as required.
• Storage in electric automobiles.
• Applications in astronomy:
– Power supply and transfer in space stations and satellites.
– Power to run remotely controlled automobiles and rover
on other planets surfaces.
• Intermittent and renewable energy applications as
backup. (Solar, Wind etc.)