A battery management system (BMS) is an electronic regulator that monitors and controls the charging and discharging of rechargeable batteries.

1. Battery Management

2. Abstract
• Due to high efficiency and high energy
density,batteries have been adapted in
industries,vehicles and mobile phones,electronic
devices and electric vehicles.However,they have
risks of fire hazards and electric shock if being used
incorrectly.
• In order to use,we need a battery management
system(BMS) is needed.Among BMS technologies
of battery capacity estimation and state of charging
is important.
• This elaborates the development concept and
highly accurate battery capacity estimation

3. Introduction
• Battery is most essential componeny in our day to
day life.So perfect maintenance of any battery is
very much essential for it to function properly.
• When it comes to customer, the two most
important parameters of a battery are State of
Charging(SOC) and State of Health(SOH).Over
charging a battery leads to emission of gases and
increase temperature.This system aims us in
monitoring various parameters like
voltage,current,temperature,humidity,charging
state of battery.Also this brings values to cloud
which includes the concept of internet of things

4. Battery Usage Statistics:
Series 1
lithium ion starter alkaline stationery

5. Problem statement:
• In order to support high demand for energy in future
systems,the military is currently developing advanced
lithium ion batteries.Lithium ion batteries offer
significant advantages over higj conventional lead acid
systems in terms of both lead and power
capability..Lithium ion are capable of catching fire.
• As a result,we need BMS in order to ensure they are
not put into unsafe and to optimise their
performance.Depending on nature of cell,BMS can
send warning to user or shut down the cell to prevent
harm
• Some BMS are critical to the safe operation of
batteries like prevention of over voltage/charging while
need for other functions depend on communicating.

6. Voltage and Current:
• As battery is charging,the voltage of battery,by any
means will not provide the charging status or
charging voltage of battery.The charging voltage
and voltage measured across the terminals of
battery need not be same.A dead battery which is
not connected to any load can show an
approximate value of
Battery Dead
voltage
Lead 12V
Lithium ion 3.2V
Nickel
Cadmium
1.2V

7. Measurement of voltage and
current:
• A simple voltage,but putting correct values of
resistance,regulating it and then conditioning
mechanism that is nothing but using an analog to
digital converter,we could easily measure voltage
with help of Voltmeter and measure the output.
• By connecting battery to a known value of load
resistance we can measure the current produced
from battery.
• If V be the output voltage,then using sensitivity of
current sensor,we can calculate the current offered
by battery at that particular voltage and at
particular load resistance.

8. Measurement of temperature:
• The temperature of battery is very important
parameter,as it decides the current state of battery.If
temperature of battery is high,this indicates the
instability of battery or to be more precise,it depicts
behaviour of battery under abnormal conditions.In
order to measure temperature we use thermistor.
• Thermistor is a device whose resistance changes with
temperature.here a negative temperature coefficient
is used, which exhibit 10 kilo ohms resistance, under
room temperature.This is connected with a series
resistance in a voltage divider and change in
resistance is mapped with change in voltage,which in
turn is analogos to temperature.

9. Measurement of Humidity:
• Humidity is measure of moisture and gases in
air.Batteries are affected by uncontrolled measure
of humidity.If battery is expososed to moisture it
may lead to impairing quality ,thus:
• Reduce product life
• Reduce charging capacity
• Raise safety concerns including chances of
explosion.
• A general thermistor also measures hunidity
content.

10. State fo Charging:
• The state of charging sensor is a device for
measuring actual energy content or charge level in
a battery.Batteries are made up of several
interconnecting cells and number of connected
cells determins battery's operating voltage.
• In a battery the energy content is linearly related to
concentration of electrolyte.As battery is charged
or discharged the concentration increases or
decreases raging from 40% to 10% by
weight,depending on type of battery.

11. Using charging state sensor:
• An optical wave is introduced to core of sensor
propogates down through liquid is,reflected by end
mirror,and propogates back to core,where it is
captured by bundle of conventional optical fibers
coupled to a photo detector.
• The relative change in refraction index of wave
depends on charging state of battery

12. Applications:
• This can be used for industrial usage of heavy scale
batteries
• This can be used for vehicles(mostly used lead
batteries)
• It can be used in UPS batteries
• On measuring
voltage,current,temperature,humidity and charging
state of battery we can get life and many basic
parameters for battery

13. Conclusion:
• As described,this explains about battery
management system platform and developed
technologies for it.Thus we believe that we have
developed BMS as intended.
• However,we also believe that battery management
system will be continuously improved in
performance and is extensible for other future
additions.
• Therefore,we will continue to enhance our battery
management system with higher functions and
more sophistiated performance at a lower cost by
making best use of the know-how gained in this