Should United States Use Nuclear Energy

Should United States Use Nuclear Energy
In my opinion i think we in the United States should use Nuclear power plants.There is so many
safeties and good benefits and so many more positive things that can come the Nuclear power
plants. About Thirteen percent of the world's electricity comes from Nuclear power plants that emit
little to no greenhouse gases. In the United States saves twelve billion dollars each year for energy
costs. These Nuclear power plants actually emit fewer radioactive materials into the environment
than a traditional coal burning plants. The main benefit of Nuclear power plants are that it is more
efficient than burning fossil fuels as the amount of energy released from uranium per gram is much
more than the fuels such as oil or coal approximately eight ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
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In a nuclear power reactor, the energy released is used as heat to make steam to generate electricity
.All matter is composed of elements. The important elements for our discussion of nuclear energy
are uranium, plutonium, carbon and hydrogen. Uranium and plutonium are involved in nuclear
energy production, and carbon and hydrogen are the main elements in conventional fuels like coal,
oil and natural gas. You can find nuclear energy in the United States has more than 100 reactors,
although it creates most of its electricity from fossil fuels and hydroelectric energy. Nations such as
Lithuania, France, and Slovakia create almost all of their electricity from nuclear power plants.
Uranium is the fuel most widely used to produce nuclear energy. There is two kinds of nuclear
power plants Fission reactors can be divided roughly into two classes, depending on the energy of
the neutrons that sustain the fission chain reaction: Thermal reactors the most common type of
nuclear reactor use slowed or thermal neutrons to keep up the fission of their fuel. In my opinion i
think Nuclear power plants are safer and a lot more beneficial than any other energy
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Nuclear Fission Impact
The Impact of Nuclear Fission and Reactors on the Environment
Overview
Nuclear fission is a reaction in which heavy nuclei, such as Uranium and Plutonium, are broken into
smaller nuclei releasing heat, which is transformed into another form of energy such as, mechanical
or electrical. For a long time people have been using nuclear fission as an efficient and sustainable
source of energy. However, the use of this form of energy is associated with a unique set of
consequences including environmental, social and ethical. In this paper I will discuss nuclear energy
and its impact on the environment.
History of Nuclear Fission (Reactors)
The discovery of nuclear energy goes back to 1980, when Henri Becquerel was investigating
phosphorescent ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are tow types of waste produced from nuclear fission: high–level waste and low–level waste.
High–level waste consists of used uranium rods that can no longer be used for energy or produced
into other elements. The majority of low–level waste consists of water and used equipment from the
nuclear reactors. Both types of waste are highly toxic and it was estimated that about 200,000 cubic
meters of low level waste and about 10,000 cubic meters of high level waste are produced world
wide each year. These wastes are usually encapsulated in multi–layer containers that are buried in
deep geological areas (Figure 5). According to the European Union (EU) calculation, the disposal of
low level waste costs about $2,200/ cubic meters and high level waste costs over $100,000/ cubic
meters annually (Storage and Disposal, 2015).
In addition to the cost, these wastes may affect future generation by escaping into the environment
due to natural phenomena such as earthquakes and tsunamis. Therefore the authorities should set
stringent rules and regulations regarding nuclear programs to improve nuclear safety and enhance
risk management (Xiang,

Nuclear, Coal, and Alternative Energy Essay
Nuclear Vs. Coal Power Nuclear power and coal are two of the main sources of electricity used in
the United States today. Coal and Nuclear power along with Natural Gas make up over 93% of the
power we use. Yet they are also the most feared and misunderstood. While both have negative
connotations, they both are clearly still doing the job better than other alternative energy.
Nuclear power is not readily feared for the result it will have on the environment although it should
be. Used fuel assemblies are kept on site for at least seven years usually stored in onsite ponds.
Radioactive waste from a reactor or irradiated rods can last a thousand years or more, and it must be
monitored. Nuclear power is mostly feared because of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
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There are also regulations and guideline on how to contain and water that has not met the E.P.A.
standard. The mining industry is so vast and so important that the government has set up a whole
new department just for dealing with mines and miners, "Miners Safety and Health Administration
or Msha for short." Even with in this department it is broke down even more in to two basic types of
mines, coal and metal nonmetal, which is basically anything that is mined and is not coal. Mines and
miners even have codes and regulations dedicated to them and their work. The C.F.R. 30 or Code of
Federal Regulations book 30 is all about mining. The processing of coal is fairly safe there are a few
hazards such as containment barriers allowing the waste fly ash or coal ash to spill, as was the case
in Kingston, Tn. a few years ago. Strip mining also, by its nature, makes the mountain it is done on
look desolate and bare. Mining companies are required to perform reclamation on the land that was
mined wither it was stripped or backfilled. The problem is that the land has been growing and living
for thousands of years before so spreading some wild grass and flower seed may help in time, it will
not help in our life time. While underground mine do not have that problem the mines when
abandoned can cause sink holes, or fill with water, causing many other hazards. Mining coal either
surface or underground is very dangerous many miners are killed each year. Both nuclear and

Nuclear Technology And Its Impact On The Atomic Age
On August 6th and 9th, 1945 the first atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Japan. With the use of these new weapons a door was opened that could never be closed, a new and
uncertain era was now upon the world, and the use of atomic power could mean the betterment or
destruction of a nation at a moment's notice. Whether you like it or not, you live in the atomic age
and it can have many implications that you may or may not know about. The Manhattan Project is
well known to have developed the first two atomic bombs, fat man, and little boy, but nuclear
technology was being researched many years before this. Uranium was first found in 1789 by
Martin Klaproth, and was discovered to have ionizing radiation in 1895 by Wilhelm Rontgen
(Outline History of Nuclear Energy). More and more information on uranium and other materials
were being discovered, such as: radioactive materials emitting alpha particles in 1896 by Henri
Becquerel, in 1902 the discovery of radiation being a spontaneous event by Ernest Rutherford, Niels
Bohr and his increased understanding of the atom, in 1932 when James Chadwick discovered the
neutron, etc. Other nations also spent resources on developing nuclear technology such as in Russia
with their Radium Institute of Leningrad FTI, but was hampered with Stalin's purges that eliminated
prominent scientists working there; British scientists developed the concept of the atomic bomb with
the MAUD committee in 1940 and continued research on the

Nuclear Power And Its Effects On The World
On October 24th, Democratic presidential candidate Bernie Sanders said, "Climate Change is real!
Climate Change is caused by human activity! Climate Change is affecting all parts of the world."
Sanders speaks about the disruption of ecosystems, the dying of species, and the destruction of
earth's atmosphere. The creation of increased greenhouse gases caused by heavy reliance on fossil
fuel energy has disrupted Earth's equilibrium. Sanders calls for alternative energy in America;
hailing countries that have transformed their fossil fuel dependency. Nuclear power is a relevant
factor in alternative energy for policy–makers. In the 1950's, anticipation for nuclear energy was
very high, people thought that new advancements in nuclear energy would make electricity free.
Nuclear power was successfully implemented for commercial use in 1954 Russia. Since then a total
of 438 nuclear reactors were created around the world, including the United States, with 67 still
under construction. Nuclear power support has always waned throughout the years, reaching high
points of investment when oil prices skyrocketed in the 1970's. Nuclear power is praised for its
efficiency and minimal environmental impacts, however common misconceptions about the danger
of nuclear power/power plants, discredit nuclear energy as a better alternative to fossil fuels.
"The Soviet Union spent large sums of money constructing a successful nuclear power plant. The
first nuclear reactor that produced commercial

The Debate Over Nuclear Waste
It is established that energy cannot be created nor destroyed and it could not be made out of nothing
according the law of conservation of energy. The way that science explains the phenomenon of
energy conservation is by portraying the conservation of energy as a physical transfer of energy
between mediums through various forms such as heat, sound, and light. Since the discovery of fire
in the early days of humanity, it can be understood that heat is the most versatile form of energy. On
the expense of sacrificial physical matter, heat is produced particularly natural resource such as
fossil fuels. While time progresses, the anticipated rate of decrease in fossil fuels has lead to the
exploration of prospectively innovative long–term energy supplies. Nevertheless, like fossil fuels,
injurious resources have professed many questions regarding the discarding of nuclear waste. This
controversy paper will be mainly focusing on the question of whether nuclear waste can be disposed
of safely.
Contrasting on the issues with fossil fuels, the depletion of nuclear resources cannot tangibly be
consumed. Relatively when creating heat by utilizing fossil fuels, nuclear resources do not
breakdown into individual byproducts for example, carbon dioxide and water. In contrast, electrical
power plants use nuclear resources such as uranium and plutonium pellets. When these nuclear
resources are used, they remain undamaged and become considered as consumed fuel once it
reaches an industrial

Impact of Coal vs Uranium Power Plants Essay
Impact of Coal vs Uranium Power Plants
Currently our country, and especially California, is confronting a serious energy crisis. Newspaper
headlines warn of blackouts and tremendous rate increases. The cost of all we buy will increase in
an effort to cover the added expenses. They only way to control this shortage of fuel are to produce
more, conserve and control the amount of energy we use or a combination of conserving and
increasing production. In the United States two major sources of energy are coal and nuclear power.
There are coal power plants and nuclear power plants. Both of them were built for the same purpose,
to supply energy to the world. Some would say that coal is better, more efficient and safer than
nuclear ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
At current production levels, it is estimated that these known coal reserves will last over 200 years.
(Coal Facts) Some of the major producers of hard coal include China – 1,029 megatons (mt.),
United States – 914 mt., India – 290 mt., and Australia – 225 mt. (Coal Facts) Before coal was used
to generate fuel, it was considered to be a widespread and abundant resource. Today the supply of
coal has decreased significantly and it is acknowledged that there is not enough coal to last forever
if the current consumption rate continues. Each year the world uses coal with little consideration of
how much if left and how much longer it will last. Consumption rates of global hard coal throughout
the world were 2,721 megatons (mt.) in 1979, 3,579 mt. in 1989, and 3,465 mt. in 1999. (Coal
Facts) Uranium is also a natural element on Earth. It is found everywhere in the earth's surface. It is
a metal and looks like lead. It is believed that when the earth was forming and was only particles of
dust floating in space coming together, nearby stars exploded and let off uranium. The earth's
gravity pulled in the uranium and it was mixed together with the dirt and other particles. That is how
we have uranium today. (Thomas) As of 1977 known uranium reserves contained 690,000 tons. This
includes about 90,000 tons produced as by–products of phosphate and copper mining. "The current
price for a pound of unenriched

Nuclear reactions are one of the most efficient and clean...
Nuclear reactions are one of the most efficient and clean ways to produce electricity. In 2012 alone,
nuclear reactors produced 13% of the world's electricity. Nuclear reactors are the structures that
contain this immense reaction. They are billion dollar structures and have to made just right for them
to work. If they work though, the energy output is enormous. To understand how nuclear reactors
are made, you have to understand how nuclear reactions works and what makes them go. There are
two types of nuclear reactions, fusion and fission. Fusion is what takes place in our sun. It is when
two particles fuse together to create a larger one. It produces so much heat an energy though, that we
have no way to contain it. Fission on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the most commonly thought of and commonly used is Uranium, or more specifically,
Uranium dioxide (UO2) or Uranium nitride (U2N3). Uranium is used because it has a large nucleus
and can be collected in large enough quantities to be used as a fuels. Uranium is combined with the
dioxide to allow the Uranium to be formed. Once they create the Uranium dioxide, it is pressed into
pellets that are then used in the nuclear reactions. They do this because of the ability to get the
pellets to have as few pores as possible. The less prose, the better the reaction. Uranium is also
combined with nitride to accomplish a similar objective. One huge advantage though is that
Uranium Nitride has a much higher thermal conductivity than Uranium dioxide. This helps greatly
in nuclear reactions. Now, modern nuclear reactors combine old generator technology with the new
knowledge. Old generators worked by heating up water and turning it into steam. They would either
do this with oil or coal. The steam would then push a turbine and spin a magnet. That magnet would
then induce an electric current in a coil, and that current would be used as electricity. The steam
would then condense back down to water and the process would repeat. The reason why people are
looking to nuclear energy is the inefficiency of old techniques and how "dirty" those processes were.
When the oil or coal was burned, only some of the heat would actually be used to heat the water

How Nuclear Power Plants Creates Electricity
HOW DOES IT CREATE ELECTRICITY?
A nuclear power plant creates electricity by splitting uranium atoms in a reactor. The heat from
splitting the atoms heats water, and turns it into steam. The steam turns a steam turbine, which turns
a copper coil and magnet generator. This creates electricity. The electricity is then put through a
transformer (to change the voltage), and is put on transmission lines. In a nuclear power plant,
nothing burns. The water stays in a cooling tower, ready to be used for steam. The uranium comes in
pellets, which are put into tubes. The tubes are put into bundles, and put in the reactor. Splitting the
atoms is called fission. There are 2 ways to heat the water, the Boiling Water Reactor and the
Pressurized Water

Replacement of Fossil Fuels with Nuclear Energy for...
Replacement of Fossil Fuels with Nuclear Energy for Electricity
ABSTRACT
Our nation is on the brink of an energy crisis and alternative means to produce electricity must be
found. Fossil fuel resources are declining sharply and nuclear energy is the leading form of
replacement. Our research shows that the advantages to this new energy source are extraordinary
and that there are many ways to minimize its negative aspects. Due to the overwhelming
advantages, we have concluded that nuclear energy is indeed the best solution to the nation's energy
crisis and with more advanced research and technology any future problems can be solved.
INTRODUCTION
The effects on the United States would be enormous if nuclear energy was to ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
However, it seems
Nuclear Energy for Electricity 3 that with increased research and experimentation the downsides of
nuclear energy could be minimized to such an extent that in the future all electricity could be
produced though nuclear turbines.
RESULTS/DISCUSSION
There are many advantages associated with the usage of nuclear energy for electricity. While nuclear
energy may seem like an expensive replacement for fossil fuels, in the long run it will cost no more
than coal. Though the construction of nuclear power plants is far more expensive and time
consuming than that of coal burning plants, the cost of actually running nuclear plants is far less. In
the following years the total budget will even out to equal that of coal plants. The construction costs
of nuclear plants comes out to be approximately two to six billion dollars (Nuclear energy in the
United States, 2003) but according to studies by NEI the average production costs of nuclear energy
have been decreasing in the past decade. In 1987 the price was at 3.63 cents per kilowatt–hour but
by 2004 the cost had come down to 1.68 cents per kilowatt–hour (Nuclear energy and the
environment, February 2005). This low price is not subject to fluctuations as it is not dependent
upon foreign politics.
While both coal and nuclear energy cost about the same in the long run, nuclear energy is devoid of
the

The Chernobyl Disaster And The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster
Uranium, which is the ninety–second element on the periodic table, is a very interesting element.
The radioactive uranium is used in atomic bombs. Also, people use it in what is called nuclear
power, an energy source that fourteen percent of the world uses. (NPR 3) In a nuclear power plant, a
process called fission that uses uranium is used to generate power. During fission, each uranium
atom is bombarded by neutrons, causing each uranium atom to turn into one atom of barium, one
atom of krypton, and three neutrons. These three neutrons bombard other uranium atoms, resulting
in more neutrons being produced and creating a chain reaction. Each time the uranium atom split,
energy is released. The leftover atoms are called nuclear waste. ... Show more content on
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As I mentioned before, uranium is used in atomic bombs. So, uranium mines are very dangerous and
nuclear power is not safe. Right? I disagree. Uranium mines have created ways to reduce radiation
levels to their workers whenever they can and limits as how much radiation is allowed in a uranium
mine. Also, people have spent over forty years already creating safety regulations for uranium
mines. Finally, there is not enough uranium in a uranium mine for either of those to blow up like an
atomic bomb. (World Nuclear Association 4) As a result of these safety protections during uranium
mining, there has only been 371 deaths due to uranium mining contamination between 1950 and
2000, which is an average of around only 7.42 deaths per year. (Motherboard 2) In comparison, coal
mining had an average of 16 deaths per year in 2014. (MSHA

The Pros And Cons Of Nuclear Energy
Almost all human activities rely on some form of energy. There are various sources of energy in the
world and the most commonly used is coal. However, due to a decline of coal deposits, need for
alternative sources of energy have gained popularity in the past few decades. There are various
sources of energy, which have been used as alternatives for example hydropower, wind power,
geothermal energy, and the most important of all, nuclear energy. As the world's population expands,
so does demand for nuclear energy. With technological advances, the utilization of nuclear energy
has become ubiquitous in peoples lives. The widespread use of nuclear energy has been a
controversial issue for many years as there have been a lot of problems that arose with its usage.
Nuclear Power is an essential and a valuable energy source yet still poses many significant risks
globally.
Nuclear Energy by definition is the energy consumed or produced in modifying composition of the
atomic nucleus. It is the process where atoms are split hence producing heat, which in turn creates
energy. The discovery of nuclear energy began in the early 1950's with Rontgen's X–Ray discovery
in 1895 after scientists unraveled the atomic structure and concluded that all atoms have protons and
neutrons. The German's were the first in carrying out the fission in uranium atoms in 1895 after the
discovery of Uranium by a German chemist by the name of Martin Klaproth. German radiochemists
Otto Hahn and Fritz

Thorium Chemistry
Introduction: Thorium is a radioactive, solid silvery metal prior to its melting point of melting point
of 3300°C. Thorium has an atomic number of 90, placing it two positions behind Uranium, on the
periodic table. This is one of the two rare radioactive metals (the other being Uranium) that can be
found in high quantities in the earth's crust with the majorly commercial mineral monazite, or it can
be rarely found naturally in its oxidized form. Pure thorium looks silvery white and is very delicate,
but will harden by the time it has reacted with the atmosphere, which takes several months. Once it
starts to react, it's outermost later will undergo a form of corrosion with the atmosphere, tarnishing it
black. History: The Swedish chemist, who's considered one of the founders of modern science, Jöns
Jacob Berzelius, discovered thorium on an island in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the 19th century, famous Austrian scientist, Carl Auer, created an incandescent gas mantle using
thorium oxide to coat the mantle so that it would have a light when you apply a flame/heat. You can
imagine how this came into extensive demand and use during this era, when electronic lighting
wasn't invented, but by the time the latter form of lighting was invented the sales for thorium oxide
coated mantles declined. There was also reason to believe that there were safety issues for those
involved in manufacturing the mantles due of thorium's radioactivity. However, you can still find
these lanterns in camping stores. Its oxide is applied to the mixtures in heat resistant ceramics,
because of its high melting point. It has more advantage, though, it has sufficient strength for
materials of construction as it's resistant to abrasion, oxidation, hot water, most acids, and dilute salt
solutions. Thorium is also applied as an alloying agent to improve magnesium's strength, which is
used for aircraft engines.

Nuclear Power Has Been Highly Controversial
Nuclear power has been highly controversial in the world, specifically uranium mining. Uranium
mining is an option that was presented to the world for a source of nuclear weapons, nuclear
medicine, as well as nuclear power. Uranium is a natural element, it has an average concentration of
2.8 per million in the Earth's crust. Uranium is very abundant and is more plentiful than gold, silver,
and mercury. The half–life of uranium–238 is 4.46 billion years, the half–life of uranium–234 is
245,000 years, and uranium–235 has a half–life of 704 million years (Uranium: Its Uses and
Hazards, n.d.). There are four common kinds of extracting uranium from the ground; open pit and
underground mining, in situ leach mining (ISL), heap leaching, and milling. While there are several
forms of mining that have proven to be affective at extracting uranium from the ground, none of the
mining types have been guaranteed to stop nuclear radiation in the area that the mining took place.
Nuclear power has gotten a bad name ever since the atomic bomb, so many people have become
skeptical on how safe the rising expansion of uranium mining is. The environmental implications
that uranium mining has caused in the past has brought up the question on if the expansion of
nuclear technology is worth the risk. Uranium is a highly radioactive element that must be handled
with care when mining. In almost all forms of mining, the ore is leached with sulfuric acid whether
it is underground still or crushed and

Nuclear Power In Australia
Everyone should be aware that coal fuelled power stations are bad for the environment, yet no one
seems to be aware of any adequate replacement for this form energy production. Burning Oil is
expensive, gas isn't efficient enough to be a solution, and renewable sources are too unreliable. So
what other options are there? Australia is a lucky country, we have a very small amount of seismic
activity, we have masses of uninhabited land, and we have some of the largest deposits of uranium
on earth. So this begs the question, why isn't anyone seriously talking about nuclear power? In
Australia the government is throwing millions of dollars into reducing greenhouse emissions, yet all
of our power comes from the burning of coal. This is only due to lack of knowledge about radiation
and nuclear power as well as over dramatization by the media. By utilizing the energy from the
nucleus of uranium Australia would unlock the door to cheaper energy, less pollution, new jobs, and
a future of unlimited energy.
How nuclear energy works
Nuclear energy is created by splitting the nucleus of a uranium atom by firing a neutron into the
atom's nucleus, this in turn splits the Uranium into 2 different substances. Whilst splitting the atom it
creates enormous amounts of heat energy which we use to boil water. Once the water reaches its ...
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In a world with an ever growing need for more power, and an ever growing threat of global
warming, the coal power stations are not going to sufficiently meet our needs as a country. Nuclear
energy is clean, safer than ever before, cheaper, & the only feasible way to generate electricity. Also
with the possibility of nuclear reactors to convert the waste product of normal reactors into more
energy, nuclear energy is the clear choice. Once the public stops being misled by the government
and the media about nuclear power, we will put our uranium deposits into use for

How Should Uranium Be Used In Energy Resources?
Now days' energy is an important issue we need energy to run our houses, to run our transportation
vehicles, factories, etc. also, the resources we rely on are nonrenewable which is a big issue. In this
essay, I, will be discussing uranium as a solution for the energy problem I will talk about uranium,
and the science of uranium, the advantages, the good thing and the disadvantages, the bad things
about using uranium as an energy resource.
Today, humans rely on variety of energy resources to heat homes, propel transportation vehicles, and
produce goods for shelter, food health care, and entertainment. Some of those sources are renewable
like biomass and solar energy, and others are non–renewable like fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural
gas). as we know most of our electricity comes from fossil fuels which are non–renewable however,
burning fossil fuels produce ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Using uranium–235 the first nuclear fission was discovered. When the nucleus of U–235 atom hit a
moving neutron, it undergoes fission and splits into Barium–141 and krypton 92 and then releases
some energy and heat, also two neutrons hit uranium again so more energy and heat is released .so a
chain reaction is made. After that the energy released from uranium is taken to make nuclear power
plants, however the heat is then taken to generate steam, the steam is then used to drive turbines that
produce

Nuclear And Nuclear Science : An Innovation Of Modern...
Nuclear is an innovation of modern technology. Nuclear science comprise the natural sciences and
technical sciences in the second half of the 20th century, it is embody the strength of a country in the
world. Nuclear is burning to produce uranium, uranium was discovered by Martin Klaproth in 1789,
who is a German chemist (World Nuclear Association, 2015, May). There are nine countries have
nuclear technology in the world, which are China, the United States of America, Russia, the United
Kingdom, France, Pakistan, India, North Korea (Amanda Macias, 2014). However, New Zealand
choose to be nuclear free, New Zealand strong support nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation. It
also is a strong supporter for IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) (Beehive, n.d). Even
though nuclear power and nuclear weapons have a number of disadvantageous events, but these two
things have positives. However, New Zealand is following "nuclear free" is a wise policy. Nuclear
power has many advantages, nuclear energy is used to generate electrical power. It has been found
that burning fossil fuels produce carbon dioxide the total worldwide emissions is over 22 billion
tons every year, the emission of burn coals about 33 per cent, burn oils about 43 per cent. (World
Nuclear Association, 2012, November) Nuclear power can be used as uranium instead of fossil
fuels. Fossil fuels can cause the greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide is the main influence for global
warming, than nuclear power station can

Nuclear Power Supplies A Significant Part Of Current...
MOX Title
Background:
Nuclear power supplies a significant portion of current energy demands. One of the newer advances
in nuclear fuel is Mixed Oxide (MOX) fuel. MOX is a mixture of UO2 and PuO2. Both of these
starting materials can be recovered from spent traditional nuclear fuel [1]. As such, MOX provides a
method for reducing waste generated during the operation of a nuclear reactor. MOX fuel is
currently in use in Europe, Russia and Japan [2]. The United States is in the process of developing
next generation nuclear reactors which can employ MOX. Due to the importance of MOX fuel,
important research is currently being to both understand the principles governing MOX, and how to
enhance its performance. MOX fuel is comprised of UO2 and PuO2. The UO2 is acquired either
from naturally occurring uranium oxide, or recovered from the spent fuel of a traditional nuclear
reactor. Plutonium metal is produced by the U–238 during operation of the nuclear reactor [1]. The
Pu must then be converted to PuO2. The first step in producing PuO2 is to dissolve the recovered Pu
in HNO3–HF to get Pu(NO3)4. Once the Pu(NO3)4 is generated, a few different methods can be
used to acquire PuO2. The most commercially used method involves the precipitation of plutonium
oxalate. The Pu(NO3)4 is conditioned with hydrogen peroxide to produce Pu(lV). Next, an excess of
oxalic acid is added to reduce the solubility. The oxalate is then left to decompose to oxide which
can then be filtered and dried

Argumentative Essay On Nuclear Energy
Energy is one of the most viable resources in our modern powered world. "In 2015, The US Energy
Information Administration reported that the modern world consumed 575 quadrillion British
thermal units (Btu). That figure is projected to increase by 28% to 736 quadrillion Btu by the year
2040" (US Energy Info Admin. 2017). Our high consumption of fossil fuels to power our modern
world produces large amounts of carbon dioxide, which scientists say contribute to climate change.
Currently, a debate rages over climate change and the need to reduce our emissions. On both sides
of that debate are people who favor nuclear power as a cleaner and renewable resource and those
who oppose it due to fears of environmental catastrophes. While nuclear energy is an efficient and
more powerful sustainable energy source, it is environmentally dangerous and expensive to build,
use and decommission.
Nuclear energy is energy produced from an atomic reaction through a process of fission. The
splitting of uranium atoms produces a lot of heat. Nuclear power plants use this heat to produce
steam to run the turbines that create electricity. This form of energy lowers our greenhouse
emissions by reducing our use of fossil fuels like coal and oil. It is the largest clean–air energy
source that does not emit carbon dioxide and the only one that is capable of producing large and
continuous amounts of electricity. The Nuclear Energy Institute estimates that using nuclear power
saves roughly 2.4 billion tons

Nuclear Energy Holds Great Interest For Those Looking For
Nuclear energy holds great interest for those looking for a sustainable energy source. Our current
energy requirements are met by the use of fossil fuels. However, there exist some substantial
problems with fossil fuels. Not only are they limited, but they also contribute to the carbon dioxide
emissions and thus to global warming. Use of nuclear energy will cut the percentage of carbon
emission as it does not involve any burning. Instead, the splitting of nuclei of atoms provides the
energy. Using nuclear power instead of coal for electricity generation will cut 2.4 billion tons of
carbon dioxide emission (Brook). As with any type of alternate energy proposals, there are issues
involved. One of such issue for nuclear energy is waste ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Currently, the most common way to manage HLW is to store it in a geological repository which is a
tunnel under the surface in a stable geological location far from the population. However, this
technique proves to be unsafe since there is a possibility of there being a leak and the nuclear waste
being released into the environment. Even a small leak can result in a large catastrophe (Xie). The
long–term effects of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki fully demonstrate the dangers that
radioactivity exposure can present. Radioactivity exposure resulted in the increased risk of
Leukemia, breast, thyroid, and lung cancer as well as degeneration of nuclei of cells among the
survivors of the atomic bomb (Roe). Transmutation provides a way to change the long–lived fission
products into short–lived ones. The change occurs when the atom is bombarded with a nucleus in a
nuclear reactor (World Nuclear Association). Partitioning is performed along with transmutation and
it is the process through which radioactive isotopes are taken out of the HLW for transmutation
(Abderrahim). Transmutation and partitioning can reduce the nuclear waste problem in magnitude.
The waste produced with the production of nuclear energy has always been a substantial problem.
The transmutation of nuclear waste not only reduces radioactive waste but also leads to better use of
present raw material and reduction in the number of actinides. Currently, the isotope 235Uranium is
used

Describe The Chemical Process In Making Americium
Chemical process in making americium:
The most popular type of smoke alarm is an ionization chamber smoke alarm. These contain 0.28
micrograms of the radioactive isotope americium 241, in the form of americium dioxide. Americium
is a synthetic element, so it must be produced in a nuclear reactor. Americium is made from
plutonium 241, yet this needs to also be made in a nuclear reactor. Uranium 238 in a nuclear reactor
it is hit with a neutron, which makes uranium 239. Uranium 239 has a half–life of 23.5 minutes, the
uranium goes through beta decay becomes neptunium 239. This neptunium will then form
plutonium 239 via beta decay over two days, this is then bombarded with two neutrons to become
plutonium 241. Plutonium 241 has a half–life of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has become a social (as well as a government) expectation to have them installed in your home.
Smoke alarms save lives; without a smoke alarm you are 4 times more likely to die in the event of a
fire. The americium inside the alarm is an alpha and low–energy gamma emitter. Alpha radiation can
be stopped by a piece of paper or a few centimetres of air, meaning you could stand under a raw
sample of americium and not be in any danger. Yet, gamma radiation has the wavelength near that of
an atomic nuclei (10 Pico meters) meaning that they penetrated far more easily. These rays are weak
enough not to do any harm, yet are the major factor to the radiation from a smoke alarm. It has
become a misconception that smoke alarms are a threat to health because of their radioactivity. The
radiation emitted from a smoke alarm annually is 9–50 nano–sieverts, eating banana releases the
equivalent of 100 nano–sieverts, the average background radiation in Australia is 2000000 nano–
sieverts, to put how little radiation is absorbed from a smoke alarm. The real problem is only when
americium is internalised into the body, because it is an alpha emitter. It poses a threat to health
because even though the alpha particles themselves are harmless, the speeds they travel give them
the ability to break bonds and ionize atoms, thus causing cancer. When in the body 90% stays in you
and the rest is excreted, it goes to the liver, bones and ovaries or testicles where it has the possibility
to cause cancer or birth

Is Nuclear Energy the Energy of the Future?
Nuclear energy, is it the energy of the future?
Nuclear energy can be seen as the energy hope for the future. The diminishing supply of non–
renewable fossil fuels requires the development of a cheap alternative. Could nuclear energy be the
answer? It is abundant, low in labour intensity, comparatively clean and able to provide for societies
needs for at least 200 years.
Currently, the most common source of energy is made from the combustion of coal. However,
Australians are the most polluting people in the world. Greenhouse gas emissions from coal
generation in Australia are growing rapidly. ABARE predicts our energy emissions will be more
than 60 percent higher over the next 25 years if we continue with "business as usual". (The age) A
carbon tax has been introduced for greenhouse gas reduction and for investment and development in
zero and low–emission technologies.
Base load power is the ability to provide energy at all times on all days. A common argument
renewable energy technology is that is cannot provide this. This is not an issue for nuclear energy as
it is a long process where one reaction could take decades, constantly providing energy that can be
slowed down or sped up.
Uranium is a highly unstable radioactive element that is most commonly used in nuclear reactors all
over the world. Australia has the highest supply of uranium that any other country in the world.
There has been one research nuclear plant since the 1980's but currently; Australia does not have

Nuclear Energy Advantages And Disadvantages
The Disadvantages of Nuclear Energy Supersedes the Advantages
There are several substantial reasons to oppose the use of nuclear energy. Nuclear power
installations are vulnerable for accidents, incidents and attacks. Radioactive material causes several
types of diseases. Radiation is harmful and can be lethal. Contamination with radioactive material
can make entire regions uninhabitable for thousands of years .Although there are a few benefits of
using nuclear energy ,the disadvantages outweigh them. Nuclear energy has several benefits that
many may believe is worth the danger it can potentially cause. Nuclear energy can make electricity
without emitting greenhouse gases. It realeases a lot more energy than wind or hydro energy.
Nuclear energy makes use of uranium as a means of fuel. This energy can put out a continuous
amount of power. These all are useful qualities Nuclear energy has the ability to produce electricity
without greenhouse gas emissions. It produces electricity without pollution. It is cleaner than many
other forms of energy production. Essentially, nuclear power would be "carbon–zero" if the uranium
were mined and transported in a more efficient way. Nuclear reaction releases a million times more
energy, as compared to hydro or wind energy. Large quantity of energy is generated from a single
nuclear power plant .Nuclear reactors make use of uranium as fuel and produces huge amounts of
energy from small amounts of uranium. The Earth has the high reserves of uranium. Current
estimates put the uranium supply as enough to last for 30 to 60 years. Moreover other fuel cycles
like Thorium are available for power generation. Whereas, oil reserves and other fossil type fuels are
likely to run out shortly. Nuclear power plants operate reliably and have a continuous output of
power.The plants do not generally face operations and maintenance problems. This is a contrast to
other alternative energies which depend on the activity of the weather. There are low operating cost.
Although nuclear power reactors are expensive to build, they are relatively cheap to operate. Fuel is
inexpensive and a plant can be operated by small number of people, approximately

The Mining Of Uranium Mining
Uranium Mining Uranium ore can be mined underground or open–cut, this is dependent on the
depth, which the uranium is at. In general, open pit mining is used where the deposits are close to
the earth surface, whereas the underground mining is used for deep deposits on average greater than
100 meters deep. Open–pit mining requires the removal of soil and waste rock on top of the ore to
expose the hard rock. Then a pit is dug to access the ore, where the walls of the pit are mined in a
series of benches to prevent them from collapsing. This is also done so that the workers can mine
each bench by drilling holes into the rock and panting explosives, which are detonated to break up
the rock. The broken rock is brought to the surface in a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since the concentration of the uranium mined is very high, the radioactivity is a potential hazard,
hence there are precautions taken during the mining and milling process to protect the health of the
workers. The first and foremost is forced ventilation in the underground mines, to ensure that there
is no radioactive particle being breathed in. Efficient dust control as the dust may contain
radioactive particles and emit radon gas. Keeping workers safe by setting a limit to the radiation
exposure in mines and mills as well as routine monitoring of air, dust and surface contamination is
undertaken. In Canada, this means that in area of high concentration of uranium, it is mined by
remote control technology. Of course, working in a mine, the workers are given the equipment and
technology necessary to meet the radioactive conditions. At last, there are designated employees
(those that are exposed to uranium) are monitored for radiation contamination as well as personal
dosimeters are worn to measure exposure to gamma radiation. Canadian mines and mill facilities are
designed to handle uranium ore grades up to 26%. Other method of mining in many places, if
geological conditions allow uranium to be dissolved from the ore by pumping oxygenated
groundwater through a porous ore body to dissolve

Fossil Energy Vs Nuclear Energy
As worry about anthropogenic environmental change has grown, various prominent hippies have
concluded this is a more difficult issue than their past worries with atomic force. They need to
shifting degrees either changed their open position, or surrendered that subsequent to atomic force is
essentially discharge free with respect to CO2, it merits in any event grudging backing as a major
aspect of the reaction to expanding environmental CO2 levels and consumption of fossil energizes.
Nuclear energy is a more environmentally sound energy source than fossil fuels because it is less
costing and it provides less waste in the environment.
Body
In a nuclear–fueled power plant much like fossil–filled force plant water is transformed into steam,
which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is probably the capability of nuclear energy is colossal, yet there are additionally drawbacks.
Advantages of nuclear energy are first and foremost; using nuclear energy saves money , for
example, The underlying development expenses of nuclear power plants are substantial. On top of
this, when the influence plants first have been manufactured, we are left with the expenses to
advance and process the nuclear fuel (e.g. uranium), control and dispose of atomic waste, and the
support of the plant. The reason this is under favorable circumstances is that atomic vitality is cost–
focused. Producing power in atomic reactors is less expensive than power creating from oil, gas and
coal, not to discuss the renewable energy sources. Nuclear energy is also good for low pollution and
base load energy. It is by and large more gainful, as far as the atmosphere emergency, to supplant
other energy outfitting strategies we utilize today with nuclear

Nuclear Power And The Energy Crisis
Nuclear Power: The Solution to the Energy Crisis For the first time in history, the human race has
the ability to drastically alter the Earth, Ever since the Industrial Revolution, where human
technology and population began to increase exponentially, the environment has steadily been in
decline. This is due to several factors: pollution, human expansion, and rapid use of natural
resources are a few. One of the biggest problems in the world as a whole faces today is the rising
energy crisis. In order to meet growing demand for electricity, power plants must, and have, become
more numerous and more efficient. However, is it enough? At it's current rate of consumption, the
world's supply of fossil fuels will be expended by 2060. Fossil fuels –a non–renewable resource–
power almost all automobiles, and a large portion of power plants are coal– or gas–burning. Other
types of electricity, like hydroelectric, nuclear, and wind and solar, are currently being used, but not
enough to combat the rising demand for energy. Nuclear power should be more widely used as a
source of electricity because it is more reliable than wind and solar energy, nuclear plants produce
less greenhouse gas than coal–burning plants, and it is the most efficient method of producing
energy so far. Wind and solar energy are certainly the two most public–supported types of
electricity, and there is basically no negatives to either of them. Their farms emit no greenhouse
gases, there is very little danger

Why Do Nuclear Power Plants Use Uranium?
In addition to this already discovered uranium, experts believe that up to 35 million tons more of the
element could not only be discovered, but extracted as well("ELECTRICITY"). This would provide
centuries of nuclear power. In addition to this, uranium is not the only material capable of being
used for nuclear fuel. Other elements could also be used in tandem with uranium to keep nuclear
power plants running.
Nuclear power plants can put out large amounts of energy consistently. These plants create energy
by splitting the uranium atoms into smaller particles. The splitting of one of these atoms can create
an estimated 10 million times more energy than burning one coal atom(Maehlum). This means
smaller amounts of fuel are necessary to constantly

Nuclear Energy : Nuclear Power Essay
When one hears the words 'nuclear power' they are immediately offset with images of Fukushima,
Chernobyl, and Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These were agreeably a few devastatingly deadly and
lasting disasters involving nuclear energy. With newer technologies and processes such as the use of
nuclear fission, however, harnessing nuclear energy has become a safe practice. The global climate
and overall health of the world is shifting toward the worse, and humanity only has itself to blame. It
is time that society sets its fears aside and paves the way for the most effective, and ethical energy
alternative for the sake of its beautiful home, Earth. Nuclear fission energy has the potential to
power the entire world in a way that is clean, sustainable, and energy–prolific.
Nuclear power can be generated through two ways: fusion and fission. Harnessing energy through
nuclear fusion means, in simpler terms, combining two atoms, particularly plutonium or uranium,
into one. The result from this process is hard to control, and is therefore much harder to harness
energy from. Nuclear fission constitutes the splitting of one plutonium or uranium atom into two. As
postulated by Ernest Rutherford in 1911, "The atoms of matter must consequently be regarded as
containing enormous stores of energy which are only released by the disintegration of atoms"
(Bodansky, 27). The energy released from the nucleus is called kinetic energy, which is energy
simply generated from a lot of movement. This heat

The Disaster Of Nuclear Reactors
An earthquake centered 130 km off shore of the city of Sendai in Miyagi caused 11 nuclear reactors
that were operating at 4 different nuclear plants to shut down on March 11, 2011(Fukushima
Accident, 2015). The earthquake had a magnitude of 9.0, which is classified as one of the worst
earthquakes/ greatest earthquakes on the earthquake scale, the tsunami following the earthquake was
about 560 sq km resulting in over 19,000 human deaths. The earthquake and tsunami caused the
following nuclear units to shut down, Tokyo Electric Power Company 's (Tepco) Fukushima Daiichi
1, 2, 3, and Fukushima Daini 1, 2, 3, 4, Tohoku 's Onagawa 1, 2, 3, and Japco 's Tokai, total 9377
MWe net (ibid).
Nuclear plants create energy through radioactive substances that help the creation of energy.
Substances can become radioactive because the nucleus of each atom is unstable and can decay
giving off nuclear radiation in the form of alpha particles, beta particles or gamma rays (What is
Radioactivity, n.d.). Most power reactors use water as a coolant, in light–water reactors, the core is
surrounded by the coolant under pressure. The nuclear fuel contains uranium that contains 2 to 4
percent uranium–235. For fuel rods the uranium is changed to uranium dioxide (Nuclear Energy,
n.d.). Heat is created by the uranium–235 atoms splitting which is called fission then steam is made
which spins a turbine to drive a generator and produces electricity, this is a nuclear reaction.
Fukushima are boiling–water

Nuclear Energy : Not The World
Nuclear Energy: Not the World's Answer to Energy Independence
Humanity is at a critical point in its history. Sea levels have risen by around three millimeters per
year since 1993 ("Sea Level"), and atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide are measured at
399.3 parts per million (ppm) as of November 2014 ("Carbon Dioxide"). This is particularly
shocking when one considers that over the past 800,000 years, carbon dioxide fluctuations have
stayed between 180 and 300 ppm (Smol). Global average temperature, the central focus of climate
change, has increased by 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit since 1880. In fact, the current century has seen ten
of the warmest years on record ("News and Features") These and other statistics are all commonly
attributed to human activity and industrialization. Furthermore, the world population will continue
to grow, and third–world countries will begin to develop in the coming years, thus adding millions
more people in need of electricity. Progressions such as these emphasize the need for a cleaner and
more sustainable source of energy to replace fossil fuels. Many supporters of renewable and
alternate energies turn to nuclear power as a source of energy security in the future. Common
nuclear plants use the process of atomic fission to break apart atoms of uranium, releasing heat in
the process. This heat is then used to convert water into steam that drives a generator, producing
electricity. Theoretically, the process produces no greenhouse gasses

Benjamin K. Sovacool: An Analysis
Benjamin K. Sovacool, a nuclear researcher, further explains why nuclear energy indeed induces the
emission of carbon dioxide in his critical survey on nuclear power, he claims: "nuclear energy is in
no way 'carbon free' or 'emissions free'" (Sovacool, 11). His survey details how these stages occur.
Most importantly is the information Sovacool provides about the construction of nuclear power
plant, operating the plant and the decommission process. According to Sovacool, 200 tons of
enriched uranium is needed to supply a typical 1000 megawatt reactor, and there is a great deal of
transportation involved (from the mines to the reprocessing and enriching facilities). Andseta,
another nuclear researcher, found that in Canada, the uranium needed to create fuel rods usually
travels more than ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As for the construction phase of the reactors, there is a great amount of fossil fuels required to build
a typical reactor plant, White, an expert in nuclear energy, calculates that the typical nuclear plant
needs 170,000 ton of concrete, 32,000 ton of steel, 1363 ton of copper, and a total of 205,464 ton of
other materials (2010). Many of these materials are very carbon–intensive. Nuclear power is not
directly associated with carbon emissions, however the construction of the power plants releases
large quantities of pollutants. For example: 1 ton of aluminum has the carbon equivalent of more
than 10,000 ton of C02; 1 ton of lithium, 44,000 ton; one ton of silver, 913,000 ton (the estimation
came from an older 1000 megawatt pressurized water reactor). At the end of the nuclear cycle, the
decommission process takes place. In this phase, more transportation is required. Basically, after the
period of cooling off, the reactor is dismantled and cut into small pieces. It is packed into containers
for final

What Are The Pros And Cons Of Nuclear Power
Nuclear Power by Rafael Noriega
There have been many ideas of how we can produce enough energy for the population without
polluting the Earth. People have tried many different ways to collect energy. Some of those ways
are: fossil fuels, solar power, geothermal power, and hydroelectric. Here is how nuclear energy
works, pros, cons and some facts about nuclear energy.
Nuclear power works by a process called fission. The type of fission used in most reactors is where
a neutron collides with a uranium–238 atom, splitting it into krypton, argon, spare neutrons and
heat. The spare neutrons start a chain reaction for more uranium–238 atoms to split. The heat
produced by fission heats the water surrounding the fuel rods, which circulates through a pipe. The
heated water passes through a primary loop, then passes through another set of water heating the
second supply of water creating steam. The steam then passes through a secondary loop. The steam
turns a turbine connected to a generator, creating power. The steam in the secondary loop then
passes through a pipe which runs through cold water, cooling the steam into back to water. Then
dumps it into a river, lake, or ocean. The amount of water would eventually deplete, so then a third
loop, a tertiary loop, pulls water in from the river, ocean or lake, and puts it into the second set of
water. The three sets of water never physically touch. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Uranium itself is a common resource on Earth and the amount required is relatively small for the
energy that is produced. Carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide are all made by burning
fossil fuels, which contributes to global warming and acid rain. Nuclear power does not contribute
to either of These. Nuclear waste can be made into glass or synroc, a synthetic

Debating Whether Nuclear Power Should Be Developed for...
Debating Whether Nuclear Power Should Be Developed for Future Energy Supplies
Introduction
I am writing this essay to debate the idea of having nuclear power developed for future use by us.
This takes on a major issue and covers many aspects of our nations energy use both in present and
for the future.
When we think about nuclear power we do not automatically think of it as a non renewable energy
source. This is because it is not part of the fossils fuels; coal, oil and gas, which we all know will not
last us as reliable energy sources for much longer. However, nuclear power is a non renewable
energy source and has many dedicated power stations located around the UK. Nuclear energy is ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nuclear fission takes place inside the core by which the isotope splits using the atoms in the
uranium dioxide from the pellets. The immense heat produced by this is carried away by fluid
circulating through the reactor core. Once the fluid becomes heated it is used to produce steam, this
steam drives the turbines which in turn rotate the main electricity generators to produce clean,
reliable electricity.
During this process there is a massive amount of radiation and so this is why the core is surrounded
by a thick concrete shield to absorb this radiation.
Arguments FOR using and developing nuclear power
To satisfy our general needs of heating our water, heating our homes, cooking our food, powering
our appliances and lighting our rooms, we need to retrieve energy from the many many methods
available to us. One of these choices is nuclear energy. There are very good reasons why it should be
considered and developed further, to be used in the future. Firstly, by comparing it to the other non
renewable energy sources (coal, oil and natural gas), nuclear power is a very clean energy as it does
not produce any of the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, which lead to the greenhouse effect
or global warming. This problem is significant for the disintegration of the ozone layer when fossil
fuels are burnt to release energy. Plus using this form of energy can

Nuclear Energy : The Negative Impact Of Nuclear Energy
Since the beginning of time humans had to adapt to survive, from dinosaurs to animals like lions and
tigers but later in time, some humans learned to work together, while working together they too
wondered about the world and created science, which helped create modern–day cities. Working
together for so long they started to research new and alternative ways to create and store energy,
wind energy, they discovered hydroelectricity, then came solar energy, then their was the discovery
of coal and last but not least nuclear energy. Nuclear energy can have a positive impact on humans
and a negative impact on humans and wildlife. "One element that is most commonly used is
Uranium. Uranium was discovered by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, a German chemist, in the mineral
pitchblende (primarily a mix of uranium oxides) in 1789. Although Klaproth, as well as the rest of
the scientific community, believed that the substance he extracted from pitchblende was pure
uranium, it was actually uranium dioxide. After noticing that 'pure' uranium reacted oddly with
uranium tetrachloride. Eugène–Melchior Péligot, a French chemist isolated pure uranium by heating
uranium dioxide with potassium in a platinum crucible. Radioactivity was first discovered in 1896
when Antoine Henri Becquerel, a French physicist, detected it from a sample of uranium. Today,
uranium is obtained from uranium ores such as pitchblende, uraninite, carnotite and autunite as well
as from phosphate rock, lignite (brown coal) and

Nuclear Power Pros And Cons
To the citizens of the great new country of Finklegrizziz, I, as your honored President, have come to
a decision that we should allow nuclear power in this fine country. For those who may not know
what nuclear power is, it is a type of power that requires uranium in addition to heat and steam to
create power through fission. In more simple terms, nuclear energy is created from mining a readily
available and easily obtained mineral rock (uranium) and then when combined with a scientific
process (fission), becomes a clean and safe form of power. There are many pros and cons to this
type of power, and I have spent countless hours reviewing this information in order to be make the
best decision for our country. We will start off talking about some of the pros of this type of power,
which include that it ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I feel this is a much better source to depend on for our power supply rather than a power source that
requires fossil fuels, which are nonrenewable and pollute the atmosphere. In the long run, this will
help our city by providing the same amount, if not more energy compared to fossil fuel power plants
and again keeping the air clean for the citizens of Finklegrizziz. My second and final reason I will
share today in regards to allowing nuclear energy, is that while the plants initially may be more
expensive to build, they will actually cost much less than normal energy sources in the long run.
This is due to the fact, as mentioned before, that uranium can be mined and is more readily available
to obtain. Also, while there is hazardous material that will need to be stored offsite in secure
locations away from the general population, this is still less expensive to carry out than the operation
of other traditional energy sources. My sincere desire is that you will understand why I have made
the decision to allow nuclear power for the people of this great

Nt1310 Unit 6 Research Paper
o Identify the element
Uranium – Chemical symbol U. It has the atomic number of 92, with 92 protons and 92 electrons, of
which 6 are valence electrons.
o Identify the isotopes of this element and represent them using the correct conventions.
Natural uranium consists of three isotopes: uranium–238, uranium–235 and uranium–234. Uranium
236, 233 and 232 are also produced by reactors from uranium–235 and thorium – these are the
artificial isotopes. The three natural isotopes and the three artificial isotopes are all alpha emitters.
Also, all isotopes of uranium are radioactive, with most having extensive half–lives.
o Describe when the element and isotope were discovered or manufactured and by whom.
Uranium was discovered in 1789, by Martin Heinrich Klaproth, a German chemist. He first believed
the substance he got from pitchblende was pure uranium, but it was actually ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It refers to the radioactive decay of different distinct radioactive decay products as a chained series
of transformation. Although, most radioisotopes do not decay straight to a stable state, but undergo a
series of decays until eventually a stable isotope is completed. Urainium–238 decays by alpha
emission into thorium–234, which itself then decays by beta emission to protactinium–234, which
decays by beta emission to uranium–234 and so on. The numerous decay products, sometimes
referred to as "progeny" or "daughters", form a series starting at uranium–238. After many more
alpha and beta decays, the series ends with the stable isotope

Nuclear Reactor Outline
What is a Nuclear Reactor?
A nuclear reactor is a device that maintains the chain reaction of nuclear fission.
A nuclear reactor's main purpose is to generate heat that can be converted electricity for cities to use.
A nuclear reactor converts heat to electricity in a nuclear power plant.
How do Nuclear reactors work?
Nuclear reactors generate heat by maintaining the chain reaction of nuclear fission.
Nuclear fission in produced by 'Fissioning' the only nuclear fuel at the moment is Uranium–235.
The heat created by the fission from the energy released in the reaction is used to heat coolant that
turns water to steam that turns steam turbines to generate the electricity.
What is the nuclear fuel?
Uranium–235 is the only nuclear fuel currently in use
Uranium ore is quite ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
– The fuel rods, that house the Uranium oxide pellets and are normally 12 feet long
– The Reactor assembly, that houses about 200 fuel rods and control rods.
The Moderator is used to slow down the fast neutrons being released in the fission reaction. The
fission of Uranium–235 can only be achieved by slow moving neutrons but after the reaction it
releases 3 fast neutrons. So the moderator slows down the neutrons so that they can start another
fission reaction and continue the chain reaction.
The control rods are used to control the reaction, since 3 neutrons are released with each reaction
from 1 initial neutron the reaction would very quickly increase causing a meltdown if the neutrons
aren't controlled. The control rods are inserted automatically by computers to modulate the heat of
the reactor core. The rods are made of neutron absorbing materials such as graphite, cadmium,
hafnium or boron. They have enough control rods in the core so that an out of control reaction can
be stopped by inserting all the control rods into the

The Expanding Demand for Energy and Other Services in...
Introduction
In today's modern society our needs and demands are infinite and fulfilling them can become a
daunting task for any developing country or nation. The Australian Federal Government is
confronted with these endless demands daily and must make decisions that are both advantageous
towards the Australian public and satisfies the rudimentary requirements and necessities of the
nation. Energy is a primary need that the Australian public requires daily and the procedures of
generating the immense amounts of electricity required for powering every day necessities is
currently being produced by the usage of fossil fuels, which has been validated to be an inefficient
method of producing energy. Nuclear energy offers a resolution and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although the construction procedure of nuclear power plants will substantially deplete the countries
funds, they will eventually become a beneficial asset, producing more kilowatts than coal, wind or
solar (Burgess, 2013). As more plants are manufactured, it's anticipated that construction costs will
decline, making the expense of nuclear generated electricity that much more interesting towards the
general public, resulting in a more profitable solution towards generating energy (Burgess, 2013).
Aiding construction is jobs, therefore raising Australia's current employment rate and boosting the
economy. It will also diminish global warming, revoking Australia form the carbon tax or carbon
emissions trading. Australia holds about 40 per cent of the world's uranium deposits therefore
opening Australia to possible trade with other countries and supplying ourselves with a substantial
amount of fuel that nuclear power plants require (Hawke, 2014). Mining the uranium will supply the
Australian mining workforce jobs, also raising our current employment rate. Former Prime Minister
and former Labour leader Bob Hawke suggested to the Cooperative Research Centres Association
that Australia should embrace nuclear power and quoted "This is a case where in doing good for the
rest of the world, we can, in the process, do

Should United States Use Nuclear Energy

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