Management involves planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources to achieve goals. Henri Fayol was an early contributor to modern management concepts, identifying five elements of management: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. Later authors developed on this work, with Mintzberg arguing managerial work is better described by interpersonal, informational, and decision-making roles rather than formal functions. Debate continues on the best way to characterize management activities.