Deforestation is occurring at an unsustainable rate of 7.3 million hectares per year according to the UN. Half of the world's tropical forests have been cleared, and forest loss contributes 6-12% of annual carbon emissions. The major drivers of deforestation are agricultural expansion for food and cattle grazing, logging for wood products, and urbanization. This is resulting in significant environmental and social impacts including loss of biodiversity and harm to indigenous tribes who depend on the forest ecosystem.

1. SUSTAINABILITY
03
DEFORESTATION

2. Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in
order to make the land available for other uses.
An estimated 7.3 million hectares of forest, which is
roughly the size of the country of Panama, are lost each
year, according to the United Nations' Food and
Agriculture Organization.
DEFORESTATION

3. • About half of the world's tropical forests have been
cleared.
• Forests currently cover about 30% of the world’s land
mass (National Geographic).
• Forest loss contributes between 6% and 12% of annual
global carbon dioxide emissions (Nature Geoscience).
• 36 football fields worth of trees lost every minute (World
Wildlife Fund (WWF).
FACTS

4. WHY DOES DEFORESTATION HAPPEN?

5. Agricultural activities are one of the major factors
affecting deforestation.
Due to overgrowing demand for food products, huge
amount of tress are fell down to grow crops and for
cattle gazing.
BECAUSE OF THE AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES

6. Apart from this, wood based industries like paper, match-
sticks, furniture etc also need a substantial amount of
wood supply.
Wood is used as fuel both directly and indirectly, therefore
trees are chopped for supplies.
Firewood and charcoal are examples of wood being used as
fuel.
Some of these industries thrive on illegal wood cutting and
felling of trees.
BECAUSE OF THE LOGGING

7. Further on order to gain access to these forests, the
construction of roads are undertaken; here again trees are
chopped to create roads.
Overpopulation too directly affects forest covers, as with
the expansion of cities more land is needed to establish
housing and settlements.
Therefore forest land is reclaimed.
BECAUSE OF THE URBANISATION

8. Some of the other factors that lead to deforestation are
also part natural and part anthropogenic like
desertification of land.
It occurs due to land abuse making it unfit for growth of
trees.
Many industries in petrochemicals release their waste into
rivers which results in soil erosion and make it unfit to
grow plants and trees.
BECAUSE OF THE
DESERTIFICATION OF THE LAND

9. Oil and coal mining requires considerable amount of forest
land.
Apart from this, roads and highways have to be built to
make way for trucks and other equipment.
The waste that comes out from mining pollutes the
environment and effects the nearby species.
BECAUSE OF THE OIL AND COAL MINING

10. Another example would be forest blazes.
Hundreds of trees are lost each year due to forest fires in
various portions of the world.
This happens due to extreme warm summers and milder
winters.
Fires, whether causes by man or nature results in huge loss
of forest cover.
BECAUSE OF THE FIRES

11. Extensive cattle ranching is the number one cause of
deforestation in virtually every Amazon country, and it
accounts for 80% of current deforestation alone.
The deforestation caused by cattle ranching is responsible
for the release of 340 million tons of carbon to the
atmosphere every year, equivalent to 3.4% of current
global emissions.
Burger Water Footprint: 2400 litres of water for one hamburger! Most of
the water is needed for producing the beef contained in the hamburger. In
our hamburger we assumed there is about 150 gram of beef. Water footprint:
15500 litres of water per kg of beef.
THE HIDDEN COST OF BURGERS

12. Impacts of deforestation are widespread.
Environmental as well as human impacts have resulted
from the deforestation that occurs in major rainforests.
These are the main impacts:
• Social
• Political
• Economic
• Natural
• Technological
IMPACTS OF DEFORESTATION

13. Destruction of the homelands of different tribes is one of
the most important consequences of the deforestations.
As large amounts of forests are cleared away, the
indigenous tribes who depend on the rainforest ecosystem
to sustain their way of life are also damaged.
The loss of forests has an immediate and direct effect on
their lifestyle that we have in the modern world.
The governments of nations with rainforests in their
borders also attempt to evict indigenous tribes, and often
succeed, before the actual clear-cutting begins.
CULTURAL EFFECTS OF DEFORESTATION

15. 0⁰ Equator

16. Amazonian
Rainforest

17. Amazonia as delineated by the WWF

19. Amazonia covers
Brazil
Peru Colombia Venezuela Ecuador
Bolivia Guyana Suriname French Guiana
9Different
countries

20. SIZEIf the Amazon was a country it would be the
9th largest country on the planet (1.2 billion
acres or 48 million football fields).

21. The Amazon River is the second longest river in the world and by far the largest by water
flow with an average discharge greater than the next seven largest rivers combined.
The Amazonia is made up of a mosaic of ecosystems and vegetation types including
rainforests, seasonal forests, deciduous forests, flooded forests, and savannah.

23. CLIMATOLOGY

24. Hot and humid
throughout the year,
with an average annual
temperature of 27°C
Rains almost the whole year

25. Amazon rainforest is home to many strangest looking, largest
and smallest, loudest and quietest, more dangerous and
frightening animals on Earth.
AMAZING
A M A Z O N I A

27. MAMMALS
AVIANS
INSECTS
X 2.5 million
X 1294
X 427
many more remaining to be discovered

28. X 2,200
FISH
REPTILES
AMPHIBIANS
X 428
X 378
many more remaining to be discovered

29. moreover 438,000 plant species
many more remaining to be discovered or catalogued

30. Dendrobates
auratus
Hyla rhodopepla
Dendrobates
galactonotus
Cruziohyla
craspedopus
Agalychnis
calidryas

31. Ocelot Tapir Two Toed Sloth Capybara Armadillo

33. Many rare birds inhabit the Amazon
Scarlet macaw, River Xingu, Amazonia

34. And also some dangerous animals.

36. Indigenous People
• There were an estimated ten million
Indians living in the Amazonian
Rainforest five centuries ago.
• Today there are less than 200,000.
• In Brazil alone, European colonists
have destroyed more than 90
indigenous tribes since the 1900’s.
• With them have gone centuries of
accumulated knowledge of the
medicinal value of rainforest
species.

37. Indigenous people * Mother tongue Residence
Yanomami Yanomaman languages Yanos/Shabono
Yucuna Yucuna Yukana Malocas
* This list is incomplete

39. The Yanomami are one of the largest relatively isolated tribes
in South America. They live in the rainforests and mountains
of northern Brazil and southern Venezuela.

40. 0⁰ equator

41. The Yanomami believe strongly in equality among people.
Each community is independent from others and they do not
recognize ‘chiefs’. Decisions are made by consensus, frequently
after long debates where everybody has a say.

42. Like most Amazonian tribes, tasks are divided between the sexes. Men hunt for
game like peccary, tapir, deer and monkey, and often use curare (a plant extract) to
poison their prey.
Although hunting accounts for only 10% of Yanomami food, amongst men it is
considered the most prestigious of skills and meat is greatly valued by everyone.
No hunter ever eats the meat that he has killed. Instead he shares it out among
friends and family. In return, he will be given meat by another hunter.
LIFE
STYLE

43. The Yanomami have a huge botanical knowledge and use about 500 plants for
food, medicine, house building and other artefacts. They provide for themselves
partly by hunting, gathering and fishing, but crops are also grown in large
gardens cleared from the forest.

44. The Yanomami local groups are generally made up of a multifamily house in
the shape of a cone or truncated cone called yanos.

45. Some yanos can house up to 400 people. The central area is used for activities
such as rituals, feasts and games.

46. Interior of the Yanomami Maloca at night, Tootobi, Brazil

48. Yanos are built from raw materials from the jungle, such as leaves, vines, plums
and tree trunks. They get heavy damage from rains, winds, and insects,
so Yanos are usually rebuilt every 1 to 2 years.

50. After each family builds its own house, a common roof is built connecting all
the individual houses together. Each family is responsible to build its own
section of the common roof. This forms a circular donut-shaped village.

51. The walls are held up with
poles and the village roof is made of thatch
(dry leaves and branches)

52. YUCUNAS
An Amazonian Indian
group who today
number about one
thousand people.

53. They live near Equator
between 70°31’ and 71°31’ W and
0°45’ and 1° S, which is currently in
the Comisaría Especial del
Amazonas in Colombia
0⁰ equator

54. They reside in a communal house called maloca. It is a large
structure acting as a temporary village for over one hundred
people, a workplace, a temple, and a burial site. Each maloca
domestic community is an economically self sufficient unit
with its own territories for crops, hunting and fishing.

55. Structure
The plan of the
maloca starts with
the placing of the 4
central posts/poles
4m from each other
Once installed four
beams are wedged
on top, upon which a
clearstory opening
will be based.

59. AMAZONIAN
FLOATING
VILLAGE

60. The Amazon Basin, the largest
in the world, covers about
30% of South America.
Amazonia is very sparsely
populated.
Due to large variation in the
water level of the river
houses are built on the rafts
along the river.
The houses rise and fall with
the water levels that change
from seasonal flooding.
Many houses are built
together and they all together
known as Floating Village.

63. Houses are almost made
of materials gathered
from the rainforest.
Roofs are made up of
woven palms.
Walls of these houses are
built from wood taken
right from the Rainforest.
The walls are only a few
feet tall to let the breeze
flow through.