Fluoroscein Fundus Angiography

2. • Left superior branch retinal vein occlusion.
• The fluorescein angiography on the left shows areas of hypofluorescence
and hyperfluorescence.
• Hypofluorescence - retina haemorrhages and the hard exudates block the
choroidal fluorescein causing dark patches
• pre-retinal haemorrhages, in addition to blocking the choroidal fluorescein
also cover the retina vasculature
• Hyperfluorescence - damaged retina veins have exposed collagen which
are stained by fluorescein. Leakage around the damaged vein occurs due to
damage to the endothelium walls
• microaneurysms appear as multiple bright spots.

4. • This is the right funuds of a patient with dry form of age-related
macular degeneration. The macula shows areas of retinal pigment
epithelium (RPE) atrophy.
• The fluorescein angiography shows hyperfluorescence in the macula
due to RPE window defect allowing choroidal fluorescein to show
through brightly.

6. • Fluorescein angiography of a diabetic patient with peripheral
neovascularization.
Hypofluroescence - dot and block haemorrhages
Hyperfluorescence - new blood vessels with leakage
- microaneurysms