The growth in National today and the reasons for it

1. Nationalism Today

2. Have a go…
• Evaluate the effects that contested borders
can have on some nations. (20)

3. Starter
• What is meant by the term nationalism
• Why is nationalism and a growing issue of
identity interlinked?

4. Learning Objectives:
• Define what Nationalism means
• Appreciate that the growing nationalism of
today is built on historical roots

5. Definition
• Nationalism is the shared feeling for a special, significant
geographical area;
• Maybe expressed politically as a sense of belonging
• May be linked to a ethnic, cultural or religious group
• May embrace several smaller minorities

6. 19th Century Europe
• Saw a rise in nationalism based on the
industrial revolution and the increased
wealth of nations
• Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) said it was
the cement that bound countries as
religion and old wealth was on the decline.
• Countries like Germany, Italy and
Romania formed by linking regional states
with a common national identity

7. Empire Building
• During this time some countries sort global
empires and nationalism was a large part
of this including Britain, Spain, France and
Holland.
• It became extreme when Germany in the
early twentieth century expanded into
parts of eastern Europe believing the
Germans needed more living space

8. Independence Movement post
1945
• By the end of WW2 European Nationalism
had spread and through the education of
the colonial elites
• Self-determination a by-product of the
liberal nationalistic ideals helped to
threaten imperial powers
• At first there was a resistance to
independence but the man power the war
and the cost became too great to continue

10. USA and USSR
• The dominance of these two nations post
WW2
• The USA were against colonies as it saw
itself as the leader of the free world
• Plus it felt it impacted trade
• USSR also were against it as it felt it
oppressive
• Plus it could have more influence on them.

11. Independence Movement
• Came in two types
• Non-Violent protest
– India
• Violent revolutions
– Angola against Portugal (1964-71)

12. Timeline of India’s Independence

13. ‘The Wind of Change’
• In 1960 Britain allowed independence to 17 countries in
Africa due to a rise in political will it could no longer
control
• The speed of these show when the UN in 1945 had 51
members by 1969 it had 120
• These new states found a moral purpose from the events
of 1960 which would have far reaching impacts for the
continent.

14. Post-Colonial Conflict
• Has had a massive impact on the region
West Africa alone has seen 7 conflicts due
to post-colonial change:
– Nigeria (1967-70)
– Liberia (1989 & 1999)
– Sierra Leone (1991-2002)
– Guinea Bissau (1998-99)
– Ivory Coast (2002-07 & 2010-11)

15. Why would nations fight when
they have their independence
• Chose a Nation and find out:
• Ethnicity split
• GDP per capita
• Wealth of resources
• Other issues
– Nigeria
– Liberia
– Sierra Leone
– Guinea Bissau
– Ivory Coast