The Issues associated with migration and Bosnia and a case study

1. Case Study: Bosnia –
Direct Military
Involvement 1995

2. Starter
• Why does identity often lead to conflict
within countries
• Write down 3 things you know about
Eastern Europe.

3. Learning Objectives
• Understand why countries such as Bosnia
collapse
• Often reasons have a long history
• Assess the success of the UN involvement
• Appreciate the pros and cons of the ‘War
on Terror’

4. • Background

5. Tito
• Tito managed to unite the
ethnicities but after he died it fell
apart
• The UN were prompted to act in
1993

6. • The Bosnian Muslims were given safe
haven in Srebrenica a small town in the
north east of the country and protected
by a small Dutch UN peacekeeping
force
• This was attacked by the Bosnian Serbs
• Many of the Muslims died of starvation
as the town was under siege
• 1995 the Serbs overran the town and
killed 8000 men and deported 23,000
women and children many of which
were raped
• The UN force were outnumbered and
taken prisoners and threatened if any
more action was taken

7. • After Bosnian Serb forces captured Zepa that same
month and exploded a bomb in a crowded Sarajevo
market, the international community began to respond
more forcefully
• August 1995, after the Serbs refused to comply with a
U.N. ultimatum, NATO joined efforts with Bosnian and
Croatian forces for three weeks of bombing Bosnian
Serb positions and a ground offensive.
• With Serbia’s economy crippled by U.N. trade
sanctions and its military forces under assault in
Bosnia after three years of warfare, Milosevic agreed
to enter negotiations that October.
• The U.S.-sponsored peace talks in Dayton, Ohio in
November 1995 (which included Izetbegovic,
Milosevic and Croatian President Franjo Tudjman)
resulted in the creation of a federalised Bosnia
divided between a Croat-Bosniak federation and a
Serb republic.

8. Unilateral Action - USA
• Sometimes members take independent
action
• They act without the approval of the UN
• This can have major geopolitical impacts
• After the 9/11 events in 2001 USA
declared a war on terror
• The UN supported this due to the idea of
WMD
• This was later proved wrong

9. Proposed Unilateral Action - UK
• 2013 the UK wanted the UN security
Council to condemn chemical weapon use
in Syria
• China and Russia had a history of vetoing
action against Syria
• It didn’t get passed
• A Govt vote in the UK didn’t pass either
• No action has been taken over Syria

10. Consider the Activities of the UN
• We have seen events of the past and their
involvement:
• Crimea (Russia and Ukraine)
• Bosnia
• Iraq
• Assess their role in each of these and
consider the:
– Social Impacts
– Economic Impacts
– Political Impacts