Presentación sobre Escocia, para el alumnado del IES "Vía de la Plata"

1. SCOTLAND

2. GEOGRAPHY OF
SCOTLAND
Scotland is divided into three geographical
areas: the Highlands, the Lowlands and the
Islands.

3. Scotland has great diversity of
landscapes
Green plains Valleys

4. Romantic rocky coasts

5. Cliffs

6. The climate of Scotland is temperate
The same latitude of Canada but not so
cold

7. Oceanic climate
The western Highlands of Scotland are one of
the wettest
places in Europe with annual rainfall up to
4,577 mm

8. The relief of ScotlandAbundant lochs(lakes)
Loch Lomond is the
largest of United
Kingdom. Loch Ness
Spectacular mountains,
hills and glens (valleys)

9. Scotland has the highest mountain in
Britain,
Ben Nevis (1,347 m)
…and 279 mountains over 914 m high.

10. On its sea-stacks and islands, Scotland
supports some of the greatest concentrations of
seabirds in the world

11. The wildlife includes red deer,
wildcats, red squirrels…
Seals are to be seen in
large numbers
Rivers still have plenty of
wild salmon and trout
Seals on rocky coasts and
islands
Otters feed on wild salmons
and
trout

12. The longest river is the Tay (189 km), but the most
important river is the Clyde once famous for its
shipbuilding
The river Clyde through Glasgow, an industrial
city and the largest of Scotland: 592,820
inhabitants

13. Most of the large Scottish towns and cities are
in the Lowlands
Scottish Population
Around 5.2 million
Glasgow - 592,820
Edinburgh - 486,120
Aberdeen - 217,120
Dundee - 144,290
Inverness - 56,660
Stirling - 89,850
Scotland includes some
700 islands, of which
more than 130 are
inhabited. These
include, among others,
the Shetlands, the
Orkney and the
Hebrides.

14. On the contrary, the Highlands are scarcely
populated.
Most of Scotland was covered by forest about
200 years ago, but English landowners cut the
forests down to provide land for hunting. This has
resulted in erosion, which has made many parts
of Scotland into what is technically desert land.

15. HISTORY OF SCOTLAND
About 200 BC there came the first wave of Celtic-
speaking people, amongst them the Picts.
In 122 AD, Hadrian built a wall to keep the
“barbarians” (the Picts) out of England.

16. In the Middle Ages…
In the 6th century, people
from Ireland called the
Scots invaded what is now
Scotland. The name
Scotland is derived from a
Celtic word: Scoti.
Between the 4th and 7th
centuries A.D., Christian
missionaries succeeded in
subduing the wild Scots
and Picts where the
Romans had failed. With
the unity of Christianity, a
united Scotland became
more plausible. By 1018
AD, a united Scotland was
finally a reality. Scotland
was invaded many times by

17. England, an uncomfortable
neighbour
 In 1066, England was invaded by William the
Conqueror from Normandy in what is now France
and, following his win over the English, many of his
knights and their followers moved north and settled in
Scotland. Many Scottish families owe their origins to
these Norman knights and their followers.
 England was concerned about a “foreign” power on its
northern border and made repeated attempts to
conquer Scotland. Force failed and, as an alternate
ploy, England offered bribes of land and money to the
various Clan Chiefs. As a result, in the various
uprisings by the Scots against the English, many of
the Clans fought for the English against their own
countrymen.

18. Fights between clans in Scotland
To defend their land against invasion from other
Clans (the fights between the Clan Campbell and
the Clan Mackenzie are an example of these
disputes between clans), the Chiefs built castles
and fortified towers.

19. After the Middle Ages…
 In 1707 (18th century) England and Scotland
accepted the treaty of Union; the United Kingdom
came to existence. However, some Scottish people,
mainly the people from the Highlands, were against
the Union and revolted.
 Ultimately, in 1746 following the landing in Scotland of
Prince Charles Edward Stuart, the English crushed
the Scots at the battle of Culloden.
 In the Highlands, English landowners forced their
tenants off the lands they had worked for centuries in
what has been called the “Clearances” and replaced
their former tenant farmers with sheep. Many
thousands of Scots were forced to leave their country,
some travelling to Canada, others to the United
States, Australia or New Zealand.

20. The industrial Revolution
in 19th century
The “Industrial
Revolution” saw
Scotland again
come to the fore
with many
inventions that
today we take for
granted such as
penicillin
(Alexander
Fleming), asphalt
roads (John
Loudon MacAdam),
the steam engine
(James Watt), the
telephone (Graham
Bell) etc. Scotland
also became the
world’s leading ship
builders. Amongst
hundreds of others,
both the Queen
Mary and Queen
Elizabeth were built
in Scottish
shipyards.

21. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland
In 1437 Edinburgh was established as the Capital
of Scotland, and growing in population the
inhabitants chose to build high houses close to the
protection of the Castle.

22. Edinburgh has two parts:
the Old Town and the New Town
When King James VI inherited the throne of
England as James I in 1603, Edinburgh ceased to
be the principal site of the royal court (it was
London instead), although it did continue to have
its own Parliament.

23. The 18th and 19th centuries
 Everything changed after the Act of Union in
1707... Parliament ceased in Edinburgh, but the
city prospered. New streets and thousands of
houses were planned and built in the Classical
fashion. During the 18th and the beginning of 19th
century the city became one of the most
architecturally beautiful in the world.
 During the Victorian era (2nd half of 19th century)
expansion continued to grow, but the Old Town
tenements around the Royal Mile declined into
slums where poor people lived in cramped and
unsanitary conditions. Industry flourished in
Glasgow, but Edinburgh remained the preserve of
professionals, which it has tended to remain.

24. The New Town of Edinburgh
Since the end of the 2nd World War (1945) its prestige has
risen not least because of the establishment of the
Edinburgh Festival. In the 1960's the city was being torn
down and rebuilt at an alarming rate, but fortunately the New
Town Conservation Committee (formed in the 70's) put a
stop to that. Buildings have been restored using traditional
and sympathetic methods, and now the city looks as though
it will remain as one of Europe's most beautiful and
historically interesting living monuments.

25. Edinburgh castle
The kings of Scotland had lived in the castle up to the
Union of the Crowns (Scotland and England with the
Scottish Stuart dynasty) in 1603. It is Scotland's most-
visited paid tourist attraction, with over 1.3 million
visitors in 2012. Inside the castle there is the most
ancient building: St. Margaret’s chapel (11th century)

26. Edinburgh Military Tattoo is a
spectacular military parade
The Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo is a
spectacular show, enjoyed by an international
television audience of 100 million.

27. Kilt, “The National Dress of Scotland”
 Each clan has a specific tartan, the pattern on the
material, color of kilt.

28. Haggis,“The National Dish of
Scotland”
Haggis is a traditional dish of Scotland that is
made from the lung, liver and heart of a sheep.
These parts are mixed with oatmeal and spices,
and then stuffed into the sheep’s stomach. On
January 25th, haggis is served across the nation.

29. The most famous Scottish drink:
Whiskey

30. The Highlands games
Throwing the hammer Throwing the stone ball Tossing the
caber

31. Traditional Scottish dance