5. Scotland’s national flag is commonly known as Saint
Andrew’s Flag or the Saltire and it was adopted in the
16th century.
According to a legend Saint Andrew a martyr and
Scotland’s patron was crucified on an X-shaped cross
in Patras, Greece.
National day: 30 November
No official anthem – unofficial „Flower of Scotland”
The Royal Standard was adopted in
1222 by Alexander II, King of Scots.
Original version by the Corries (1967)
6. National symbols of Scotland
Floral emblem
Heraldic symbol, unicorn was used
as a royal standard before the lion
Kilt(tartan)
7. Demographics
• 2011 census – 5,3 million
• 96% white, 2.7% Asian, 0.7% Black, 0.4% Mixed, 0.2% Arab
• Religion
Christianity (Church of Scotland) – 42.4%
Christianity (Roman Catholic) –
15.9%
Christian (Other) –
6.8%
Islam –
0.8%
Hinduism –
0.1%
Judaism –
0.1%
Buddhism 0.1%
No religion 27.6%
• Language
three official languages: English, Scots and Gaelic
almost everyone speaks English (Scottish English)
Scots language (Germanic) between 17 and 33%
Gaelic (Celtic) only 1%
• Fertility rate – 2.1%
8. Government
• Devolved government within
constitutional monarchy
• Monarch: Elizabeth II
• First Minister: Alex Salmond
• Prime Minister: David Cameron
• Scottish Parliament established
in 1999.
• Limited self-government
9. Edinburgh
• Capital of Scotland
• Centre of Scottish Parliament
• Population: 482,640
• Centre of the Church of Scotland: St’ Giles
Cathedral
• Second strongest economy after London in
the GB
• Historical places: Holyrood Palace and
Edinburgh Castle
• Many museums and galleries
• Banking and tourism
Edinburgh Castle
10. Glasgow
• Largest city in Scotland
• Population: 598,830
• Major centre in the Scottish Enlightenment
• Main industrial centre
• Large port
• „Second City of the British Empire”
• Shipbuilding, marine engineering, chemicals,
textiles
• Big Asian community
• Royal Exchange Square, Glasgow Science
Centre, Gallery of Modern Art
11. Cuisine
Scotland’s natural larder consists of hunted animals,
fish (mostly salmon), dairy products, fruit and
vegetables.
Scotland is famous for its porridge and oatcakes,
which were already made in 13th century.
Perhaps the most famous (or infamous?) Scottish
dish is haggis a sort of pudding which is made
from a sheep’s heart, lungs and liver with onion,
oatmeal and spices and simmered inside a sheep’s
stomach
Scotland is also renowned for its special blend of
whisky.
12. Highland Games and
sports
Highland games are held every year in
different places around the globe with
Braemar, Scotland and Dunoon being the most
popular.
There are so called heavy events, which
require a lot of strength, for example tossing
the caber, stone put, hammer throw and tugo-war.
Attendees wear traditional Scottish clothing
(kilts) and traditional music is played with
bagpipes.
Popular sports in Scotland include rugby, football,
cricket, golf and tennis. Perhaps the most known
sportsman from Scotland is Andy Murray who
won the 2012 Olympic men’s tennis title.
14. Scotland’s geography is very varied with rural lowlands to barren
highlands. There are unihabitated places but large cities as well.
Total area: 78,772 km2
Borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west and the North Sea to the east.
The only country Scotland borders is England to the south.
Around 31,460 lakes (lochs), Loch Lomond and Loch Ness being the
biggest.
Many rivers: River Tay (193 km)
Around 790 islands in the Shetlands, Orkneys and Hebrides
Ben Nevis – highest mountain located in Grampian Mountains – 1,344
meters high
Two national parks: Cairngorms National Park – Cairngorms
Mountains, Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park – biggest
lake in the country and surrounding mountains
17. Fauna and Flora
Animals:
• Lynx
• Brown bear
• Wolf
• Elk
• Wildcat
• Lots of sheep
• Lots of fish
Plants:
• Fir trees
• Pines
• Ferns
• Scottish Primrose
• Birch trees
• Ooooaaakk
• Thistle
18. Climate
• Climate is temperate and oceanic
• Mild winters
• Lower temperatures than in the
rest of Great Britain
• Western Scotland is warmer than
the Eastern part
• Tiree in the Inner Hebrides is the
warmest place
• Annual rainfall in the Highlands is
3,000mm
• Annual rainfall in the Lowlands is
800mm
19. Some history
• First proper settlements around
9,500BC
• Celts arrive in Britain in 500BC.
• Picts and Gaels merged and
became Scots later also mixing
with Britons.
• 1st century BC – Romans invaded
Scotland but met with a high
resistance
• Hadrian’s Wall and Antonine’s
Wall were erected to control the
Celts.
Oldest house in Scotland – 3500BC – Orkney Islands
20.
21. • After the Romans left The Kingdom of The Picts
was established with Kenneth MacAlpin being the
first monarch.
• The line was broken in 1286, and Edward I of
England started taking control of Scotland.
• Wars of Scottish Independence (1296–1328), led
by William Wallace and Robert the Bruce who
later became king.
• In 1603 James VI inherited both the throne of
England and Scotland.
• In 1706 the Treaty of Union was passed and
Kingdom of Great Britain was established.
22. • In the 18th century many
Jacobites Risings took
place in Britain and were
popular in the Highlands.
• The 19th century saw
large Scottish
contributions to science
(Scottish Enlightenment).
• In 1998 the British
parliament passed the
Scotland Act 1998, and the
Scottish Parliament was
established once again.
23. Famous Scots
• Historical figures
• Poets, writers
Robert Burns
William Wallace
Robert the Bruce
Sir Walter Scott
James VI and I
Robert Louis Stevenson
A.A. Milne
Mary, Queen of Scots
24. • Scientists and philosophers
Alexander Graham Bell
first practical telephone
Adam Smith
Father of modern economy
Alexander Fleming
discovered penicillin
John Watt
modernised the steam
engine
25. • Sportspeople
Rob Wainwright
rugby player
Chris Hoy
track cyclist
Andy Murray
tennis player
Allan Robertson
one of the first pro
tennis players
26. • Actors and TV personalities
Billy Boyd
David Tennant
Sean Connery
Ewan McGregor
Gordon Ramsay
Billy Connolly
Gerard Butler
