1. Magazine Institutions The ‘big four’ magazine institutions are Bauer, BBC, Emap and IPC Media. BBC magazines cater to all ages with a wide variety of interests covered, from cooking, gardening and travel to music, cars and wildlife. They have just two music genre publications; Music which is for the classical music enthusiast and Top of the Pops geared towards the teenage reader. Europe’s largest privately owned publishing group, Bauer, publishes over 300 different magazines in over 15 countries. It’s entertainment and music titles are Q, Mojo and Kerrang – named after the sound of an electric guitar chord. They have a large television and online presence and own several radio stations. Their radio audience is over 12 million listeners. Bauer is widely recognised as an innovative industry leader Emap or East Midland Allied Press specialises in the production of business-to-business magazines as well as organisation of conferences and events. Their magazine publishing division was founded in 1953 with the publishing of The Angling Times, followed by Motor Cycle News a few years later. Two thirds of Emap was sold to the Bauer Media Group in 2008 and several of it’s divisions were acquired by other companies. The remainder was taken over by Apax and the Guardian Media Group. It’s best known music publication is Smash Hits! IPC is owned by Time Inc, the publishing company of Time Warner Inc. It is the UK’s leading consumer magazine publisher with approximately 90 different brands with sales of over 350 million titles per year. It’s biggest selling music magazine is NME (New Musical Express) which, through print and other media reaches over one million music fans a week. NME has been in print for an incredible 58 years.