Power point about the sustainability of the green building.

1. MEC 600
Engineers In Society
Lecturer : Ir Dr Bulan Abdullah
Group : EMD7M2A ( Semester 7 )
Members : 1. Dika Fazzerol Bin Baharuddin ( 2014338445 )
2. Muhamad Farizul Bin Ahmad ( 2014759617 )
3. Muhamad Hafiz Bin Md Jamal ( 2014593951 )
4. Hazim Bin Bahari ( 2014754773 )
5. Khairul ‘Ammar Izzuddin Bin Mohd Khairul Nizam
( 2014346863 )
Sustainable Development Group Assignment

2. What is ?
A building or structure that are environmentally
friendly and resource-efficient throughout its
whole life-cycle.
Also known as,
‘Green Construction’ or ‘Sustainable Building’
Siting
Design Construction
Operation
Maintenance
RenovationDemolition
Life-cycle

3. Objective of ?
Reducing the total effect of the built environment on
human health and natural environment through :
 Efficient usage of energy, water and resources
 Protection of occupant health
 Improvement of occupant productivity
 Reduction of waste, pollution and environment
degradation

4. How is rated ?
Internationally : • LEED rating systems
• Developed by U.S. Green
Building Council
• Buildings accumulate points by
meeting certain criteria and goals.
The points will be tallied to
determine the LEED rating of the
building

5. Criteria and Goals of LEED rating systems :

6. Locally (Malaysia) :
• GBI rating systems
• Developed by Pertubuhan Akitek
Malaysia (PAM) and Association of
Consulting Engineers Malaysia (ACEM)
• Comprehensive rating system for
evaluating the environmental design and
performance of Malaysian buildings

7. Criteria and Goals of GBI rating systems :

8. Examples of ?
International :
Taipei101,Taipei,Taiwan(Platinum) KingSt.Station,Seattle,WA(Platinum)
ManitobaHydroPlace,Manitoba,Canada
(Platinum)
TheCrystal,EastLondon,England
(Platinum)

9. Other listings can be view at : http://www.usgbc.org/projects
CedarRapidsPublicLibrary,
CedarRapids,IA(Platinum)
SoldierField,Chicago,IL(Certified)
HeliosHouseGasStation,
LosAngeles,CA(Certified)
Toyota ElephantPassage,Denver,
CO(Platinum)
International :

10. Local (Malaysia) :
BangunanSuruhanjaya Tenaga
(Platinum)
1FirstAvenue
(Gold)
SetiaCityMall
(Silver)
MenaraPJH,Lot2C2,
Putrajaya (Gold)

11. Other listings can be view at :
http://www.greenbuildingindex.org/organisation-certified-buildings-NRNC-01.html
Local (Malaysia) :
UNIMASStudentPavilion
(Gold)
SarawakEnergyBerhad
(Silver)
DIGITechnologyOperationCentre
(Gold)
HotelPenaga
(Gold)

12. Benefits of ?
Reduce
operating
costs
Save
energy
Save
water
Reduce
environmental
effect
Enhance
occupant’s
comfort,
safety and
health
Improve
occupant’s
productivity
Benefits

13. Challenges of ?
High initial
cost
Material
availability
Time
consuming
Need
skilled
labour
Challenges

14. Elements of ?
Design Efficiency
Energy
Efficiency
Water
Efficiency
Waste
Managemen
t
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
Enhancement

15. DESIGN EFFICIENCY
Dika Fazzerol Bin Baharuddin ( 2014338445 )

16. Design Efficiency
Sustainable design is a responsible,
forward-thinking method for building the best
structure possible in the most efficient way.
Design
Efficienc
y
Aspects
windows
ventilation
s
walls
roofs

17. Windows
• Smart design and innovation of window can provide lighting, cooling and
heating for comfort building environment.
• Appropriate size and solar orientation can provide useful natural light and
heat flow for building and also can optimize energy use.
• Larger windows have more potential to lose or gain heat than smaller
windows, and south-facing windows let through more heat and light than
north-facing windows.
• Awnings and overhangs can be installed with window design to allow
sunlight in winter and shade in the summer.
Sunlight rays during summer and
winter
Samples design for window
awnings

18. Ventilations
• In sustainable building, to provide efficient energy use, good ventilation design should
be take part.
• Good design will take advantages from natural outside fresh air flow to provide
comfort environment in the buildings.
• Otherwise, building’s surrounding also should be considered since the risk of smokes
and dust enter the building via ventilation.
Sample of good natural ventilation
design
Sample of natural ventilation
airflow

19. Walls
• For building’s wall, material used important since heat transfer can be optimize by
suitable materials selection.
• The use of thermal mass and insulation for the walls will reduce the amount of energy
use to provide comfortable environment.
• Building’s walls constructed by waste materials such as bottles or construct the wall
with plants should be implemented by designer since both this element would able to
give benefits to people in that building.
Sample insulation walls
designed
Walls constructed using waste
bottles
Walls installed with plants

20. Roofs
• In sustainable building, the roofs will be one of aspect need to take care of since
plenty of free space unused up there.
• Solar panel should be installed on the roof to provide green energy to building in
other way to saving electricity cost and also had stored energy for any emergencies
used someday.
• Otherwise, designer also can implementing the rainwater harvesting system on the
roofs also since this element able to minimize the water capacity used.
Figure show how solar system
works
Figure show how harvesting rainwater
system works

21. Samples design of good sustainable
building

22. List of design aspect for Sustainable building (Cascadia
Center)

24. - Engineer should implementing
design that will enhance working
environment
- Engineer must study the concept
of efficient energy management
- Engineer should always find new
design that can give benefits to their
company
- Engineer should not implementing
design that required routines
maintenance
- Engineer should not applying
design that highly in cost to
construct
Potential ethical conflicts :
Do’
s
Don’ts

25. MUHAMAD FARIZUL BIN AHMAD 2014759617
• Energy
Efficiency
in Green
Buildings

26. What is Energy
Efficiency
Devices or engineered
systems that stipulate
the same level of
output, quantity or
benefit with less energy
consumption needed.
It is applies at
home,
transportation,
buildings,
electricity
generation etc.
One of the most
important element
for green building.

27. Effects of Energy Efficiency
Health
• By improving heating and cooling of the building systems.
• Air quality from more efficient transports and power
generation.
Industrial
Productivity
• Improve productivity through reduction in resource used.
• Improve competitiveness by less operating and
maintenance.
Increase
Asset Values
• With better energy performances, the investors and buyer
are willing to pay sales premium or expensive rental.

28. Effects of Energy Efficiency
Moderating Energy Prices
• Good energy efficiency can reduce the energy demand for
certain industries or buildings across the world. Therefore,
energy prices can be reduced.
• Improves the affordability of energy services
Job Creation
• By increasing the investment in energy efficiency it can make
enormous chances of direct or indirect job creation especially in
energy or other sectors

29. The Challenges Faced in Managing The
Issues
The magnitude of energy efficiency
savings must increase dramatically
Energy efficiency outcomes must be
integrated with a carbon reduction
framework
The sources of energy efficiency
savings must diversify
Measuring and ensuring the
persistence of energy efficiency
savings must become commonplace

30. Energy Efficiency in
Malaysia
In 10th
Malaysia
Plan
Residential
Industrial
Building

31. • Increasing energy performance labeling
• Introduction of Minimum Energy
Performance Standards (MEPS) for
selected household electric appliances
Residential
• Increase the use of energy efficient
equipments or machinesIndustrial
• Increase the use of thermal insulation
for roofs especially in air conditioned
buildings to save more energy.
• Wider adoption of the Green Building
Index (GBI)
Building

32. Energy Efficiency Building in Malaysia
(Low Energy Office Building- LEO)
Natural air
ventilation
system is used
Use high
efficiency light
fixtures that
automatically
switch off when
there is sufficient
light
The roof of
building
insulated with
100mm of
insulation. A
canopy roof is
also used to
protect roof
surfaces

33. Zanariah Library of the Universiti
Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)
Control and
monitoring Air
Handling Unit
(AHU)
Replace
oversized fan
with
customized
design ones.
Use white light
lamps with
electronic
ballast and
high efficiency
reflectors.

34. The Challenges to Implement
Energy Efficiency in Malaysia
Low Energy
Prices
Lack of Finance
for Energy
Efficiency
Lack of Overall
National Plan for
Energy Efficiency
Lack of
Consistency in
Embarking The
Energy Efficiency
Lack of
Champion to
Drive Energy
Efficiency

35. Suggestions of National Energy Master Plan
by MEGTW
Replacing Incandescent
to Compact Florescent
Lamp (CFL)
Replacing
Inefficient
Refrigerator with
5-Stars
Refrigerators
Energy Auditing for
Commercial
Building.
Replacing T8 to T5
Lamp for
Government Offices
Raising the Air
Conditioner
Temperature to
25c

36. Energy Efficiency Building in Japan
(Osaka Municipal Central Gymnasium)
Day lighting
through membrane
roof (Skylight).
Cooling/Warm
tube effect
produced by
underground
concrete Duct
Dynamic escape
guiding system

37. Itoman City Hall, Japan
A highly
efficient heat
source with
thermal
storage HVAC
system
Installation of
photovoltaic
power
generation
system
A natural air
ventilation
system

38. Energy Efficiency in China
(Pearl River Tower)
The turbine used
to turn the wind
into energy for
HVAC system
Use solar
collector to
produce more
power generation
A rainwater
collection system
to provide hot
water

39. Agenda 21 Demonstration
Energy-Efficient Office Building
A cross-
shaped design
building build
to maximize
day lighting
potential
A light colored
wall and roof
surfaces
Use high
efficiency
lighting system

40. The Challenges of Energy
Efficiency in China
Energy building enforcement is still spotty in the smaller
town
Real energy consumption used for newly built buildings is
higher than traditional building
Energy Efficiency goals set by China Government

41. Improve Requirement for Energy Efficient
in China
Improve energy
efficiency for large
scale public building
Develop new air
conditioning systems
for most populated area
Improve energy
efficiency for
commercial building
and existing residential

42. Potential Ethical Ethics
(Engineers)
• Engineers shall disclose the good of using
energy efficient product with the client.
• Engineers shall know the legislation or new
rules of sources.
• Engineers should have the green certification
for company exploiting energy sources.
• Engineers shall know the LEED certification
for building.
DO’s
• Engineers shall not disclose information about
clients to third party.
• Engineers shall not offer services that does not
give benefits to the client
DON’Ts

43. Ethical Problems in Energy Efficiency
(Users)
Do not
overuse home
appliances –
switch off
when not in
useUse a
compact
fluorescent
light (CFL)
bulb instead of
regular bulb
DOs
Overuse
appliances –
Overuse heater
during winter
Switch on the
light during
days.
DON’Ts

44. WATER
EFFICIENCY
MUHAMAD HAFIZ BIN MD JAMAL

45. WHAT IS WATER EFFICIENCY?
WATER
EFFICIENCY
Reducing water
wastage by
measuring the
amount of water
required for a
particular purpose.
The smart use of
our water
resources through
water-saving
technologies
Using less water
to provide the
same level of
service or to get
the same result.
Minimization of the
amount of water
used to
accomplish a
function, task or
result.

46. WHY WATER EFFICIENCY IS
IMPORTANT?
To prevent strain
on septic and
sewage systems
To avoid crises
in water supply
To save money
by reducing cost,
charges and bills
To maintain
supply of clean
waters
To protect our
natural eco-
systems from
further damage
To
conserve/reduce
energy usage

47. BENEFITS FROM WATER
EFFICIENCY
To society
• Everlasting
clean and fresh
water supply
• Prevent spread
of disease by
polluted water
• Increase quality
of health and
life
To
economy
• Increase
productivity of
agriculture
sector
• Reduce cost of
waste water
management
• Reduce rates to
supply water for
housing,
industrial, and
agricultural
area
To
environmen
t
• Reduce
damage of
rivers, lake and
sea caused by
polluted water
• Lowering
demand of
natural
resources
• Reduce
accumulation of
solid waste
• Reduce climate
change impact

48. STRATEGIES TO IMPLEMENT
WATER EFFICIENCY
GreyWaterRecyclingSystem
• The system collect
bath and shower
water which is then
filtered, disinfected
and recycled with
grey water
treatment for the
use of toilet
flushing.
RainwaterHarvestingSystem
• The system involves
collection, storage
and distribution of
rainwater from the
roof, for use inside
and outside the
home or business.
• Rainwater that is
captured and stored
correctly is a safe,
economical and
sustainable source
of quality water.
AutomaticWaterTap
• When the sensor
senses the
presence of an
object (i.e. user’s
hands) in front of
the tap and sends a
signal to the
solenoid valve to
initiate the flow of
water.
• When the object is
no longer present,
the infrared unit
sends an electronic
signal to the
solenoid valve again
to terminate the flow
of water usually
after a few seconds.

49. CONT…LowFlowWaterFixtures(Sinks,
ShowerHeads,Toilets)
• Low flow water
fixtures are sink
faucets, shower
heads, and toilets
that use less water
per minute than older,
traditional models.
• Low-flow water
fixtures conserve
water by using a
high-pressure
technique to produce
a strong or equal flow
of water with less
water than other less-
efficient fixtures.
WaterPressureRegulator
• They automatically
reduce the high
incoming water
pressure from the
city mains to provide
a lower, more
functional pressure
for distribution in the
home.
• They "regulate" by
maintaining a set
pressure in the home
usually 50 lbs.
thereby insuring that
the horned piping
and appliances
operate under a
safe, more
moderate, but
satisfactory
pressure.

50. SUGGESTIONS BASE ON TYPE OF
BUILDING/USE
User Group Engineering Practice Behavioral Practice
Residential • Plumbing changes
• Low-flush toilets
• Toilet tank volume
displacement device
• Low-flow showerheads
• Faucet aerators
• Pressure reduction
device
• Gray water reuse
• Changing water use
habits
• Control pricing
• Public education and
awareness
Agricultural • Low volume irrigation
technologies
• Waste water reuse and
recycling
• Irrigation scheduling
Industrial and Commercial • Water reuse and
recycling
• Cooling water
recirculation
• Wash water recycling
• Landscape irrigation
• Monitoring water use
• Enforcing efficient water
use practice
• Educational program on
waters

51. CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTING
WATER EFFICIENCY
Lack of
creating
awareness
Changes
in piping
system
can be
costly
The initial
cost for the
technology
is quite
high
The reuse
of waste
water may
pose
potential
health risk
The meter
and leak
detection
device
require
regular
maintenance
Climate
• Rain drop
frequency
of certain
places

52. THE DOS AND DON’TS
DOs
• Do take short showers and save 5
to 7 gallons a minute
• Do install water-saving toilets,
showerheads an faucet aerators.
• Do use a self-closing nozzle in the
house
• Do use energy star labeled
product
DON’Ts
• Don’t run water while shaving or
brushing teeth
• Don’t use the toilet as a
wastebasket and don’t flush it
unnecessarily
• Don’t let the water run while
washing dishes
• Don’t allow leaky faucets and
toilets to go unrepaired
• Don’t flush unwanted prescription
or over-the-counter medications
down the toilet

53. WASTE MANAGEMENT
Hazim Bin Bahari ( 2014754773 )

54. Why we need to implement
waste management in green
building?
To reduce usage of natural
resources
To promote proper way of
handling hazardous
material
To reduce waste generated
by building occupants going
to landfill
To reduce the amount of
toxins released to the
environment
To reduce the amount of
energy spent to burnt the
waste

55. Materials that
can be recycle
Paper Plastic Aluminum
Concrete Timber Metal
glass Cardboard
Aerosol
cans
Fluorescent
lamp
Batteries
Cleaning
agents
Paint
Hazardous material
that needs to be sorted
in different bin

56. Waste Management Process

57. Design Process
 Must consider waste management system in design of the
building
 Provide recycling bins, hazardous material bins, compost
bins, collection area
 Clear signage need to be given to avoid wrong materials
going into the wrong bin
 The type of materials use for the building also need to be
consider
 Enough space need to be provided for the collection trucks
and waste facility
Sign at the bins
Hazardous
material bin

58. • Garbage chute can also be equipped in
the building

59. Construction/Demolition
Process
 Recyclable materials need to be separated in the
bins on site
 Drainage system must be built before construction
start to avoid polluting the ground
 The contractors must be aware of the waste
management policy and need to follow it at all time
Drainage system on
construction site
Process of separating the
recyclable materials on
site

60. Operation Phase
 Educate tenants a proper way to recycle and how to
identify garbage and hazardous materials from recyclables
 Trucks must be scheduled to collect waste materials
 The location of the recycling facilities need to be available
throughout the building
 Provide bins in easily accessible area
 Fine can be induced for people that does not sort their
garbage properly
Recycling station located
at the walkway is easily
accessible
Recycling poster that can be
used to educate occupants

61. Effects of waste management
in buildings
Amount of waste
going to the landfill
decrease
The amount of virgin
natural resources
used decrease
Reduce the need of
landfill
Generate income for
the city
Reduce pollution

62. Challenges In Implementing
Waste Management
Lack of public awareness
towards effect of waste
to the surroundings
The cost of building a
recycling plant is
expensive
Lack of enforcement on
waste management
regulations
Low number of recycling
facilities
Recycling plant consumes
a lot of energy
Lack of expertise in
efficient waste
management operation

63. Solution To The Challenges Faced
In Implementing Waste
Management
Educate children at
school about recycling
Fine people that don’t
apply waste
management
Promote waste
management through
mass media
Give encouragement to
every organization to
implement waste
management
Increase the number of
recycling facilities
Turn recycling into an
industry

64. Potential Ethical Issues
Do’s
• Engineer must reject
bribery
• Management must not
abuse power
• Put waste according to
their bins
• Recycle domestic waste
• Use the waste bins to
litter
Don’ts
• Contractors giving bribe to
authorities
• Abuse power
• Mix all the waste
• Throw away all garbage
• Litter everywhere

65. Indoor
Environmental
Quality
Enhancement
Khairul ‘Ammar Izzuddin Bin Mohd Khairul Nizam (2014346863)

66. Indoor Environmental Quality
The quality of a building’s environment in
relation to the health and wellbeing of those
who occupy space within it.
Award certification
Efficiency/cost
savings
Marketability
Legal liability
Health & safety
Productivity & loyalty
Contractor
management

67. Indoor Environmental Quality
Χ Lack of awareness
Χ Lack of knowledge/skill
Χ Lack of regulatory
enforcement
Χ Extra cost & time
Χ Frequent renovations
Χ Poor material selection
Χ Inconsistent indoor
environment
Χ Fail to achieve
standards
Χ Availability of
technology
Χ Availability of
resource/equipment
Χ Old fashioned
mentality

68. Indoor Environmental Quality
Enhancement Key Factors :

69. Source of contaminants :
Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs)
• Building materials
• Finishes
• Furnishings
Waste gaseous
• Carbon Monoxide (CO)
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)
Particulates
• Industrial pollutants
• Outdoor pollutants
Radon
• Underground
radioactive elements
Mold & Mildew
• Biological pollutants
• Microbial pollutants
Asbestos & Lead
• Consumer products
• Insulation
• Adhesives
Tobacco smoke
• Cigarette

70. Control Strategies :
 Use low VOCs
emitting materials
 Waste gaseous
monitoring
 Radon, Lead,
Asbestos testing
 Control/eliminate
excess moisture
 Pay attention to
housekeeping
 Don’t smoke inside
home

71. Source of discomfort :
Occupant / Human
• Number of occupant
• Human activity
• Internal body heat
Equipment / Machine
• Lighting
• Electrical appliances
• Mechanical machines
Heater
• In-house fireplace
• Water heater
Extreme weather
• El Nino
• Underground heat
Building design
• Glass
• Bricks wall
• Less ventilation
• Passive Solar House

72. Control Strategies :
 Air-conditioning unit
 Ventilation system
 Use low heat
emitting equipment
 Building insulation
 Window/glass tint

73. Source of contaminants :
Poor Housekeeping
• Laziness
• Poor cleaning
• Bad habit
Animals
• Pet waste
Pests
• Dead pest (rats etc.)
Building design
• Unsuitable location
• Less ventilation

74. Control Strategies :
 Air-conditioning unit
 Ventilation system
 Housekeeping
 Air freshener unit
 Pest control
 Proper pet waste
handling

75. Source of discomfort :
Building design
• Insufficient window
• Tint film too dark
• Unsuitable lighting
placement
Lighting
• Unsuitable lighting color
• Unsuitable lighting type
Interior design
• Unsuitable wall painting
color
• Unsuitable wallpaper
pattern
• Hanging decoration
Furniture
• Improper arrangement
• Partitions
Posture
• Improper sitting method
• Improper eye positioning

76. Control Strategies :
 Provide sufficient
and suitable lighting
source
 Proper activity
posture
 Suitable furniture
type and
arrangement
 Suitable interior design

77. Source of discomfort :
Human
• Loud voice
Outdoor noise
• Sound from outside or
next room
• Loud animal sound
(dog barking etc.)
Mechanical noise
• Chillers
• Fans
• Pumps
• Generators
Industrial noise
• Factories
• Constructions
• Mining works
Transportation
• Airports
• Roads
• Rails
Audio / Music
• Sound system
• Audio player
• Concert

78. Source of discomfort :
Building design
• Structure-borne noise
• Weak main structure or
foundation
Human
• Activity (walking,
running, jumping etc.)
• Moving items (friction)
Transportation
• Airports
• Roads
• Rails
Industrial
• Factories
• Constructions
• Mining works
Mechanical
• Fans
• Pumps
• Chillers
Electrical
• Generators
• Transformers

79. Control Strategies :
 Apply sound proof
system
 Resonance control
 Source isolation
 Building protection
 Lubrication
(friction control)

80. Indoor Environmental Quality
DO’s
Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interest.
Engineers should be familiar with the major green rating systems.
Engineers should stay up-to-date with green legislation and changes in
standards or codes in the jurisdictions.
Engineers shall strive to adhere to the principles of sustainable development
in order to protect the environment for future generations.
Engineers shall strive to perform their professional duties in accordance
with sustainable development principles.
Engineers should fully disclose the risk of using an untested product with
the client, and, if possible, share that risk with the client.
Engineers should use informed consent forms when offering green design
services and unproven or experimental products.

81. Indoor Environmental Quality
DON’Ts
Engineers should not examine the design contract if there is no plan in
offering green services.
Engineers should not overselling design professional and firm experience
with green design.
Engineers should not promise, warrant or guarantee specific design results
which is beyond their control.

82. References
Energy Efficiency
1) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3869478/
2) http://www.iisbeportugal.org/documentos/BEEBook.pdf
3) http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/16/1/012121/pdf
4) http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104061901500144X
5) https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_impact_of_energy_efficie
ncy_on_the_environment
6) http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1420326X12460463
7) https://www.energydepot.com/RPUres/library/EnergyEfficiencyGreenBuildi
ng.asp

83. References
Water Efficiency
• http://www.usgbc.org/articles/green-building-101-how-does-water-efficiency-impact-building
• http://www.thewaterpage.com/important-water.htm
• http://www.isustainableearth.com/water-conservation/5-reasons-why-water-conservation-is-important-for-
your-family
• http://www.mfe.govt.nz/publications/fresh-water/introduction-new-zealand-water-efficiency-labelling-
scheme/why-water
• http://pacinst.org/publication/multiple-benefits-of-water-conservation-and-efficiency-for-california-
agriculture/
• http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/Green_Building_Introduction.aspx
• http://www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/6461/title/improving-water-efficiency-in-your-building
• http://www.sustainablebuild.co.uk/sustainabledesignwater.html
• http://www.everbluetraining.com/blog/role-water-efficiency-green-building
• http://www.gracelinks.org/6062/the-difference-between-water-conservation-and-efficiency
• http://www.everbluetraining.com/blog/role-water-efficiency-green-building
• http://yourenergysavings.gov.au/information/water-efficiency-home
• http://challengeforsustainability.org/toolkit/water-efficiency/office-fixtures/
• https://www.oas.org/dsd/publications/unit/oea59e/ch31.htm
• https://practicegreenhealth.org/topics/energy-water-and-climate/water/best-practices-water-conservation

84. References
Waste Management
• http://earth911.com/business-policy/2016-recycling-industry/
• http://www.wonderfulmalaysia.com/tips/recycling-centers-in-kuala-
lumpur.htm
• http://www.todaygh.com/challenges-waste-management-ghana-epas-
perspective/
• http://www.energydigital.com/top-10/top-10-waste-management-challenges-
ghana-must-overcome
• http://rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/4/3/160764#sec-16
• http://blog.bigbelly.com/14-ways-to-improve-community-recycling-rates
• http://www.eschooltoday.com/waste-recycling/effects-of-poor-waste-
management.html
• http://www.gorillabins.ca/blog/what-are-the-environmental-impacts-of-waste-
disposal/
• http://www.cmap.illinois.gov/about/2040/supporting-materials/process-
archive/strategy-papers/waste-disposal/impacts

85. References
Indoor Environmental Quality Enhancement
1. http://www.usgbc.org/articles/green-building-101-what-indoor-environmental-quality
2. https://sftool.gov/learn/about/1/indoor-environmental-quality-ieq
3. https://www.wbdg.org/design-objectives/sustainable/enhance-indoor-environmental-
quality
4. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/indoorenv/
5. http://www.csemag.com/single-article/noise-and-vibration-control-in-building-
design/d28e9267a7b3f8aa49f83d504d038a9e.html
6. https://www.nspe.org/sites/default/files/resources/pdfs/Licensure/Resources/MFLResearc
hFellowshipSustainabilityReport.pdf

91. POSTER LINK
 Design Efficiency –
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/840554717923476138/
 Energy Efficiency –
https://pinterest.com/pin/840554717923476155/
 Water Efficiency –
https://pinterest.com/pin/840554717923476172/
 Building Waste Management -
https://pinterest.com/pin/840554717923476229/
 Indoor Environmental Quality -
https://pinterest.com/pin/840554717923476225/