NOTES

1. SCOPE OF
PROJECT
CN505 -
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROJECT 1

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT (Cont..)
Proposal: Problem Statement
A hypothesis?
A hunch?
Can be general / broad in nature.

4. PROBLEM STATEMENT (CONT..)

5. PROBLEM STATEMENT (CONT..)

6. PROBLEM STATEMENT (CONT..)

7. WHAT A SCOPE OF PROJECT?
(CONT..)

8. WHAT A SCOPE OF PROJECT?

9. SCOPE OF PROJECT

10. SCOPE OF PROJECT- LIMITATION (CONT..)

11. SCOPE OF PROJECT- METHOD (CONT..)

12. SCOPE OF PROJECT- TARGET (CONT..)

14. FISHBONE METHOD (ISHIKAWA DIAGRAM)
PROBLEM
STATEMENT
SCENARIO
SIGNIFICANT
PROPOSE
TITLE
IMPACT
SCOPE OF
PROJECT
LIMITATION
PROPOSE
METHOD
BENEFITS
AIMS
TARGET

15. FISHBONE METHOD (ISHIKAWA DIAGRAM)
PROBLEM
STATEMENT
SCENARIO
SIGNIFICANT
PROPOSE
TITLE
IMPACT
SCOPE OF
PROJECT
LIMITATION
PROPOSE
METHOD
BENEFITS
AIMS
TARGET

16. PROPOSAL TITLE
This should be short, sharp, and describe what
your research is about
 it may it may also be a ‘working title’ that
you will revise as your project develops.
Represents what you actually plan to do
Sometimes useful to use catchy phrases or
direct statement to make your title more
interesting
Be creative but most important, be precise and
accurate

17. POSSIBLE TITLES
Title :
1. Fort Hood landfill leachate treatment
2. Environmental studies at the Merbok estuarine
area.
All titles are too general, we need to narrow down
the topic.
How?:
 1. Take each keyword and ask yourself what

18. POSSIBLE TITLES (cont..)
Propose title 1:
 Use of a pilot-scale microbial mat system to treat
leachate from the Fort Hood landfill
 Application of microbial mat system to treat leachate
from the Fort Hood landfill
Propose title 2:
 Use of mathematical modelling for ecosystem
prediction and assessment on the fluctuation of O2,
nitrite, nitrate and pH at the Merbok estuarine area.
 Application of bio-modelling on monthly fluctuation
of crucial water parameters at the Merbok estuarine
area.

19. PROPOSAL OBJECTIVES
 These are statements qualifying what you
wish to achieve in the project in relation to
your problem statement.
 Can use specific phrases such as ‘to
measure’, `to compare’, ‘to assay’, ‘to isolate’,
‘to determine’ etc.
 Very closely related to the actual experiments
you are planning to do.

20. PROPOSAL OBJECTIVES: EXAMPLE (Cont..)
 Hypothesis 1: Use of a pilot-scale microbial mat
system to treat leachate from the Fort Hood landfill.
Proposal Objectives:
 to determine efficiency of pilot-scale leachate
microbial mat system treatment system for the metal
concentrations in the Fort Hood landfill leachate
 to compare pilot-scale microbial mat system with
existing leachate treatment technology in the Fort
Hood landfill leachate to meet regulatory
requirements.

21. PROPOSAL OBJECTIVES: EXAMPLE (Cont..)
Objective 1: to determine efficiency of leachate
microbial mat system treatment system for the metal
concentrations in the Fort Hood landfill leachate
WHAT- determine pilot-scale leachate microbial mat
system treatment system
TARGET- efficiency pilot-scale leachate microbial mat
system treatment system
HOW- metal concentrations in the Fort Hood landfill
leachate

22. PROPOSAL OBJECTIVES:
EXAMPLE (Cont..)
 Hypothesis 2:Properties Of Compressed Banana Fiber
Composite From Agriculture Waste Using Cold-setting
Adhesives
Proposal Objectives:
 To determine the properties of compressed banana
fiber composite based on the banana stem portion
using cold-setting adhesive.
 To compare the properties of compressed banana
fiber composite based on the banana stem portion
using cold-setting adhesive

23. PROPOSAL OBJECTIVES: EXAMPLE (Cont..)
 Objective 1: To compare the properties of
compressed banana fiber composite based on the
banana stem portion using cold-setting adhesive
WHAT- compare
TARGET- compare the properties compressed
banana fiber composite
HOW- properties of compressed banana fiber
composite based on the banana stem portion using
cold-setting adhesive

24. PROPOSAL OBJECTIVES: EXAMPLE (Cont..)
Hypothesis 3: Treatment of Industrial Wastewater at
Gebeng Area Using Water Hyacinth, Water Lettuce and
Giant Salvinia.
Proposal Objectives:
 To identify the performance of effectiveness of Water
Hyacinth (Eichornla Crassipes sp.), Water Lettuce (Pistia
Stratiotes sp.) and Giant Salvinia (Salvinia Molesta sp.)
as the plants in phytoremediation technology.
 To determine the potential of heavy metals removal in
root zone via Water Hyacinth (Eichornfa Crassipes sp.),
Water Lettuce (Pisria Sfratiotes sp.) and Giant Salvinia
(Salvinia Molesta sp.).

25. PROPOSAL OBJECTIVES: EXAMPLE (Cont..)
 Objective 1: To identify the performance of
effectiveness of Water Hyacinth (Eichornla Crassipes
sp.), Water Lettuce (Pistia Stratiotes sp.) and Giant
Salvinia (Salvinia Molesta sp.) performance
 WHAT- identify
TARGET- performance of effectiveness of Water
Hyacinth (Eichornla Crassipes sp.), Water Lettuce
(Pistia Stratiotes sp.) and Giant Salvinia (Salvinia
Molesta sp.)
HOW- performance Giant Salvinia (Salvinia Molesta
sp.) performance

26. Relationship between the structure of
an experimental chapter
Introduction/ Aim What did you do and why?
Materials and Methods How did you do it?
Observations/Results What did you find?
Discussion What do your results mean to
you and why?
Conclusions What new knowledge have
you extracted from your
experiment?