Bicycle Politics Seminar, CeMoRe – University of Lancaster - UK, September 2010. • Presentation: “Are public bikes systems good practices?” (EN)

1. Are Public Bikes Systems Good
Practices?
Esther Anaya
Bicycle Politics Symposium and Workshop
17th September 2010

2. Spain, a cycling newcomer...
Barcelona en tranvía. Ricardo de Baños, 1908.
– What conditions were favourable then? Can we pick some
ideas?
Local Police of Castelldefels, 2010Cycling unit of the security force. Barcelona, 1928.
2/28

3. … or the renaissance of cycling.
• Sevilla
– Sevici and an impressive increase of bicycle use (both public and
private). New infrastructure taking parking spaces, bus-bici,…
• San Sebastián
– Mayor is president of the national cycling cities network (Red de
Ciudades por la bicicleta).
• Barcelona
– Bicing, by-law.
• Vitoria
– Cycling Masterplan, large manual PBS.
• …Madrid?
– Cycling Masterplan does not plan a proper cycling network until 2016,
Madrid needs traffic calming and other sustainable mobility measures
first…
– Mybici postponed, Sustainable Foundation about to close…
3/28

4. Public bikes
ON THE NEXT SLIDES:
• Public bikes in Spain
• Highlights.
• Map of cities with systems
• Diversity
• Barcelona and the bicycle – some figures.
• Cycling infraestructures of Barcelona.
• Bicing figures.
• The chicken or the egg?
• An integrated policy.
4/28

5. PBS Spain highlights
Systems in operation 95
Cities with systems 135
Bicycles “on the streets” 18.300
Average age (months) 23
January, 2010
09/02 06/03 04/04 02/05 12/05 10/06 08/07 06/08 03/09 01/10
1
11
21
31
41
51
61
71
81
91
Opening date
Numberofsystems
5/28

6. http://bicicletapublica.wordpress.com/>>> for a World map see http://bike-sharing.blogspot.com/
PBS Spain Map
6/28

7. Zaragoza Granollers
Girona Burgos
Puerto Llano
Sevilla
Some of the 12
suppliers of
automatic systems
and a manual one.
TerrassaSegovia
Diversity
7/28

8. • Daily bicycle trips: 102.824 (2,3% modal split of inner trips)
• Bicycle accidents: 530
• On street parking: 20.402
• Bike lanes: 146,8 km
• Planning: Strategic Bicycle Plan (2006-2010), Urban Mobility
Plan (in redaction)
• Participation: Bicycle Commission, Mobility Pact.
• Information: Bicycle Bureau (Oficina de la Bicicleta) 2009
• Regulation: Circulation Bylaw Modification (2007)
Barcelona and the bicycle
• City extension: 101 km2
• Inhabitants: 1.638.103
• Motorized vehicles: 981.903
• Daily trips: 6 Milion (78% inner)
BarcelonaBicycle
8/28

9. Signalization that reinforces bicycle visibility at intersections
Infraestructures: “Red carpet”
9/28

10. Avoid access – especially motorbikes – but allows
surpassing in emergency
Infraestructures: segregation pieces
10/28

11. Infraestructures: chess painting
Signalization that reinforces bicycle visibility and
priority to pedestrians in their zones (damero)
11/28

12. “Cohabitation” with motorized vehicles in traffic calming zones
Infraestructures: shared roads
12/28

13. “Cohabitation” with pedestrians: inverted priority (unique shared platform)
and pedestrian zones
Infraestructures:
shared pedestrian zones
13/28

14. Public Bike System launched in March 2007 in
Barcelona
•Provider: Clear Channel (contract signed for 10
years)
•Management: BS:M
•Administration: Barcelona Town Council
(Security & Mobility Department)
Financed by on-street car parking revenues and
users subscriptions.
Fee: annual subscription. Bike usage is free
up to 30 minutes, the following fractions of 30
minutes are charged 0’50 €, with a limit of 2
hours.
Bicing figures

15. The chicken or the egg?
• What came first, cycling conditions permitted
public bikes to succeed or public bikes created
the cycling conditions? Lyon/Barcelona
• Which are the requirements of a public bikes
service?
– Infraestructure? – not exactly… “cyclability”. and what
means cyclability?
• Being able to pedal around in safety.
• Have space, reserved or shared.
– Bicycle culture. What is it? How to measure it?
– The integrated policy…
15/28

16. PUBLIC BIKES
PUBLIC
TRANSPORT
ADMINISTRATION
RENT-A-BIKES
SHOPS
USERS
PB STAKEHOLDERS
Integrated policy
SUPPLIER
MANAGERS
16/28

17. PUBLIC BIKES
ADMINISTRATION
INFRASTRUCTURES AND
SERVICES
PLANNING
REGULATIONS
EDUCATION
PARTICIPATION
PROMOTION
INTEGRATED POLICY
COMMUNICATION
Integrated policy
17/28

18. Myth and fact
ON THE NEXT SLIDES:
• The critical mass effect on accidentality
• The pull effect of public bikes to increase private bikes
use.
• Offer of facilities influence on demand of cycling
• Public bikes are cheap – said the advert company. The
economic crisis context.
• Public bikes are sustainable
• Public bikes are easy to manage (not to say to design). The
assimetry concept.
• They will give a good image to cycling. Examples of
vandalism and pedestrian conflict.
18/28

19. Critical mass...
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Accidentrate
Trips
Cyclingaccidents inrelationtonumber oftrips
Trips Accidentrate
Critical mass
Reverse!
19/28

20. Pull effect?
0
20.000
40.000
60.000
80.000
100.000
120.000
2007 2008 2009
Barcelonadaily trips in private and public
bicycle
Inner trips (Bicing)
Inner trips (private
bicycle)
Connection trips (private
bicycle)
Private uses are stable
or decrease!
20/28

21. Offer of facilities
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2.003 2.004 2.005 2.006 2.007 2.008 2.009
Trips/parkingspaces
Trips/kmcyclelane
Offer ofcyclingfacilities - ratios
Trips/km cycle lanes Trips/parking spaces
Is there a balance
between offer of facilities
and demand of use?
21/28

22. Economic crisis and public bikes
“Área Bicing” and Bicibox
– EMT (Metropolitan Transport Entity)
– 1st metropolitan area (17 municipalities)
– Compatibility with Bicing
– Partly financed by advertising, partly EMT and local
administrations
– Process: Feasibility study, Call for tenders. Deserted…
– Replaced by a secure parking project:
Bicibox (cheaper and with no
implication for the local
administrations). Already awarded.
22/28

23. The environmental balance
• CO2 savings: from modal shift (when bicycle trips substitute motorized ones)
• CO2 emissions: by redistribution vehicles (consequence of uphill locations)
Modal shift
(10% uses)
Redistribution
SAVINGS
EMISSIONS
CO2
Sustainability
23/28

24. Managing assimetry
EMPTY
FULL
DURATION (HOURS)
Ajuntament de Barcelona, 2008 24/28

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Sants-Montjuïc
Zona Franca-Port
Horta-Guinardó
Sant Martí
Eixample
Sant Andreu
Les Corts
Ciutat Vella
Gràcia
Parc de Montjuïc
Sarrià
Pedralbes
Sant Gervasi-Bonanova
La Dreta de l'Eixample
Sant Andreu
La Maternitat i Sant Ramon
El Bon Pastor
Sant Gervasi-Galvany
El Poblenou
Les Corts
La Nova Esquerra de l'Eixample
La Barceloneta
Vila de Gràcia
Diagonal Mar i el Front Marítim
El Guinardó
La Marina de Port
Sant Pere, Santa Caterina i la Ribera
Vallcarca i els Penitents
L'Antiga Esquerra de l'Eixample
La Verneda i la Pau
Provençals del Poblenou
Sants
El Parc i la Llacuna del Poblenou
El Raval
La Sagrada Família
El Carmel
El Besòs i el Maresme
La Vila Olímpica del Poblenou
La Sagrera
El Fort Pienc
La Trinitat Vella
Porta
El Putget i Farró
Sant Antoni
El Gòtic
El Poble Sec
Les Tres Torres
La Vall d'Hebron
Sant Martí de Provençals
La Marina del Prat Vermell
Camp de l'Arpa del Clot
Les Roquetes
El Clot
La Salut
El Camp d'en Grassot i Gràcia
La Font d'en Fargues
La Prosperitat
La Bordeta
Vilapicina i la Torre Llobeta
El Baix Guinardó
La Trinitat Nova
La Guineueta
Turó de la Peira
Navas
Hostafrancs
Sants-Badal
El Congrès i els Indians
El Coll
Can Baró
La Teixonera
La Font de la Guatlla
Canyelles
El Verdum
Baró de Viver
La Clota
Can Peguera
263
393
22
380
218
262
390
286
190
382
258
267
268
266
335
191
376 375
269
271
189
265
261
209
270
84
310
195
314
354
188
313
355
312
326
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305
307
311
257
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328
353
309
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291
193
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334337
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196
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194
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230 357
102
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356
228 276
203
106
20
284
108
229
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207
278
226
318
197
212
208
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366
107
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164
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18
37019
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123
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360
255
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273
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272
316
249
391
363
369
60
275
362
105
66
61
287
64
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30
63
371
368
364
24
341
343
264
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27
315
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103
177
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339
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127
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96
186
345
374
210
67
237
94
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88
233
384
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350
86
220
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235
75 365
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109
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110
378
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56
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34148
389
392
388
70
131
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387
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381
134
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147
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137
170
117
49
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166 178168
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144 145
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12
42
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154153
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44
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17
372
16
48
46
119
32
124
149
45
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43
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41
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914115
37
3331
40
126
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377
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80
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1
BicingDiagnosi
0 600 1,2000 700 1,4000 800 1,6000 3,000 6,0000 -1.#IND0 -1.#IND0 -1.#IND0 -1.#IND0 -1.#IND-1.#IND-1.#IND
Meters
Niv ell de Serv ei
$ D
$ C
$ B
$ A
$
Assimetry = Generated trips/Attracted trips
α = G / A
CLASSIFICACIÓ DE LES ESTACIONS
PER NIVELL D'ASIMETRIA
3%
4%
14%
22%
27%
14%
5%
2%
2%
3%
3%
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
< 0,60
0,60 a 0,75
0,75 a 0,90
0,90 a 1,00
1,00 a 1,10
1,10 a 1,25
1,25 a 1,40
1,40 a 1,70
1,70 a 2,00
2,00 a 3,00
> 3,00
Índexd'asimetria
(Origens/Destinacions)
% d'estacions
Problems of accumulation
Problems of replacement
Ajuntament de Barcelona, 2008
Managing assimetry
CLASSIFICATION OF STATIONS
ACCORDING TO ASSIMETRY
25/28

26. Possible factors:
•Social unrest – disrespect for public property
•Novelty – fashion (freeride)
•Technology failure
•Decreased quality of service…
Vandalism
Breaking a Velib’ bike is easy, it
cannot fight back. 26/28

27. Conflict pedestrians-cyclists
Carril bici Sevilla
Possible factors:
•Inexperienced users attracted by the fashion of cycling
and public bikes.
•By-law. It allows it…
•Insufficient cycling facilities and conditions.
Actions:
•Administration campaigns on the conflict pedestrian-
bicycle.
•Cycling advocacy groups organizing free cycling abilities
routes for Bicing users.
27/28

28. The image of bicycle
Everything fits in Barcelona,
but not everything is
allowed.
On bicycle, we don’t encroach
on the others’ pavement.
28/28

29. Service logos Transport for London
PB redefinition and threads
Complexity of these systems demands
for data compilation, studies and research.
The system cannot be 100% available
always. The more available, the more
resources it needs.
Integration with the rest of the offer of
public transport.
Optimise redistribution and avoid
assimetry (unbalances the system and
makes it unsustainable).
Reformulate tariffs from a realistic basis.
29/28

30. Thank you!
Esther Anaya
estheranaya@gmail.com
Bicycle mobility consultant
Bicycle Politics Symposium and Workshop
17th September 2010