for zoology

1. Phylum: PoriferaPhylum: Porifera
By Mr. “clean my boards” ChapmanBy Mr. “clean my boards” Chapman

2. PoriferaPorifera
• Phylum: Porifera
– Sponges - the Pore Bearing Animals
• Sponges were the first animals and
scientists believe their origin resulted from
the colonialization of protozoans.
• There are about 9,000 species of
sponges.
– most of them are marine.

3. Sponge NotesSponge Notes

4. Evolution EvidenceEvolution Evidence

5. CharacteristicsCharacteristics
• 1. Asymmetrical
• 2. No body systems (nervous, digestive,
respiratory, circulatory, or excretory
system)
– So why are they considered animals?
• 3. They consist of a mass of cells whose
epidermis is covered by pores that allow
water to flow into them. Some of these
cells are identical to certain protozoans.

6. Important Words and FunctionsImportant Words and Functions
• Spicules – are needle-like spikes that
make up the skeleton of a sponge.
– secreted by the amoebocytes
– calcium carbonate (limestone)
– silicon dioxide (glass)

8. Sponge StructureSponge Structure
• Some sponges don’t have spicules.
Instead their amoebocytes produce an
elastic protein called?
• Spongin - forms a “spongy” network of
fibers.

9. Sponge StructureSponge Structure
• These are the
sponges that are
used to make
commercial sponges

11. Important Cells and FunctionsImportant Cells and Functions
• Porocytes (pore cell)
– are the cells in the
body wall that allow
water to flow
through the body
wall.

12. Important Cells and FunctionsImportant Cells and Functions
• Choanocytes – are
flagellated cells that
create the current to
move water through
the spongocoel by
beating their
flagellum.
– Filter feeding

13. Important Cells and FunctionsImportant Cells and Functions
• Osculum – is the
opening of a sponge
to the spongocoel
(central cavity) where
water exits the
sponge.

15. Filter Feeding ProcessFilter Feeding Process
• Beating flagella in
the spongocoel
create the current
that pulls water in
through porocytes
and pushes it out
the osculum.

16. Filter Feeding ProcessFilter Feeding Process
• Protozoans,
unicellular algae,
bacteria, and organic
debris that comes in
with the water.
• Food is trapped on
the collars and
digested by
choanocytes.

17. Filter Feeding ProcessFilter Feeding Process
• Amoebocytes (amoeboid cells) - move to
the nutrient rich choanocytes, pick up
nutrients and deliver them to all other
cells.