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Types of Behavior: Innate vs Learned
- 2. All organisms maintain relationship with their environment, they change their response with the changing environmental conditions. These changes in response to environmental conditions are called behavior.
- 3. TWO TYPES OF BEHAVIOR: 1)INNATE BEHAVIOR 2)LEARNED BEHAVIOR
- 4. 1)INNATE BEHAVIOR Some behaviors in the animal kingdom are specific to certain types of organisms, and develop almost regardless of the environment. Such behaviors are referred to as innate behaviors. example: smiling and crying in human newborns
- 5. Never yell at a baby…
- 6. MIGRATION BEHAVIOR IS INNATE BEHAVIOR
- 7. Learning is the modification of behavior based on specific experiences. That process which manifests itself by adaptive changes in individuals behavior as a result of experience”. A common example of learned behavior is the imprinting that occurs in the young ones of some animals. 2)LEARNED BEHAVIOR
- 8. Imprinting is a behavior that includes learning and innate components and is generally irreversible. It is distinguished from other learning by a sensitive period. A sensitive period is a limited developmental phase that is the only time when certain behaviors can be learned
- 9. An example of imprinting is young geese following their mother. The imprint stimulus in grey leg geese is a nearby object that is moving away from the young geese
- 10. These young geese have imprinted on their parents These geese may have imprinted on their breeder
- 11. Environmental cues can trigger movement in a particular direction Migration is a regular, long-distance change in location Animals can orient themselves using The position of the sun and their circadian clock, an internal 24-hour clock that is an integral part of their nervous system The position of the North Star The Earth’s magnetic field
- 13. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR is learning through the observation of others and forms the roots of culture For example, young chimpanzees learn to crack palm nuts with stones by copying older chimpanzees For example, monkeys give and respond to distinct alarm calls for different predators
- 15. In behavioral ecology, a signal is a behavior that causes a change in another animal’s behavior Communication is the transmission and reception of signals
- 16. (a) Worker bees (b) Round dance (food near) (c)Waggle dance (food distant Beehive 30°
- 17. Ensuring survival of young e.g. carrying, nursing , cuddling, holding young
- 19. Care of paternity influences parental care and mating behavior. Females can be care that eggs laid or young born contain her genes; however, paternal care depends on mating behavior. Paternal care is relatively low in species with internal fertilization because mating and birth are separated over time.
- 21. As you have seen, behavior and social interaction among animals can involve a wide variety of stimuli and responses, ranging from visual, olfactory and auditory, to tactile cues and reactions. In some cases, behavior is as simple as recognition of a stimulus. In other cases, behavior can involve complex movements or sounds.