The document discusses the use of modal verbs including must, have to, should, and ought to. Must and have to are used to express necessity or obligation, with must expressing the speaker's own feelings and have to stating facts. Should is less strong than must and expresses giving advice or what is expected. Ought to is similar to should in expressing obligation or duty. The document provides examples of how each modal verb is used and exercises for the reader to practice using them correctly.

1. Modal Verbs HAVE TO/ MUST SHOULD/ OUGHT TO

2. We use must (do) and have to (do) to say that it is necessary to do something. e.g. Well, it’s 11 o’clock. I must/have to go now. There is sometimes a difference between must and have to . With must the speakers are giving their own feelings , saying what they think is necessary : e.g. I must send an e-mail to Liz. I haven’t written to her since Christmas. I must study English if I want to pass the exam. With have to the speakers are not giving their feelings. They are just giving facts : e.g. I can’t come on Saturday, I have to work. Students have to wear uniforms at this school. HAVE TO, MUST (I)

3. You can only use must to talk about the present and future : e.g. We must go now. Have to can be used in all forms : e.g. I had to leave the party early because I felt ill We use do/does/did with have to in present and past questions and negative sentences: e.g. What do I have to do to get a degree in Economics? Mustn’t and don’t have to are very different. ‘You mustn’t do something means: ‘it is necessary that you do not do it: e.g. You mustn’t tell anyone what I said. ‘ You don’t have to do something’ means: ‘it is not necessary to do it’. e.g. I can stay in bed tomorrow because I don’t have to work. HAVE TO, MUST (II)

4. Should is not as strong as must . You shouldn’t do something means that it is not a good thing to do. e.g. You shouldn’t smoke so much. We often use should when we ask for or give an opinion about something. Often we use I think/I don’t think/do you think? I don’t think you should drive without lights. We also use should to say something is not ‘right’ or not what we expect: e.g. That cyclist should be wearing a helmet. Should and ought to are very similar, and can often replace each other.They are both to talk about obligation and duty, to give advice, and to say what we think it is right for people to do. Should is much more frequent than ought to . SHOULD / OUGHT TO

5. Modal Verbs EXERCISES

6. You------------------do the housework if you have a cleaning lady . Anne works for a big company. She-----------do her job on the computer. don’t have to has to MUST / HAVE TO/ DON’T HAVE TO / MUSTN’T

7. Michael-------------take the bus to work because he hasn’t got a car. John----------------------- go to bed early today. Tomorrow is a holiday and there is no school. has to doesn’t have to

8. You-------------cheat in exams. You -----------brush your teeth after meals. mustn’t must

9. Sue-----------read twenty pages. The teacher said so. You-----------park your car when you see this sign. has to mustn’t

10. We------------cut trees to build new houses. Tony ---------take his car to the mechanic because it has just broke n down. mustn’t has to

11. You------------------carry money on you if you have a credit card. You----------------wear a school uniform when you go to university. don’t have to don’t have to

12. My father has a meeting today. He----------stay in his office this evening. has to

13. In Turkey if you want to be a doctor you------------study for six years. Peter is a policeman. He ------------wear a uniform and carry a gun. have to has to

14. Robert is a taxi driver. Sometimes he---------------work at night. Nurses--------------do night shift. has to have to