The document discusses the differences between modal verbs such as should, must, have to. It explains that should and must are true modal verbs that do not require auxiliaries, can form negatives and questions directly, and cannot be combined with other modal verbs. Have to is a semi-modal verb that behaves like an ordinary verb by requiring auxiliaries, and it can be combined with other modal verbs. Examples are provided to illustrate the proper uses of should, must, have to in various contexts.
With these presentation you have the most common modals to teach to your students. It includes examples and the effects of each modals. It will be of a awesome help for you and your students since they will see everything from it.
Twitter Marketing for Your Business InfographicMoreFollow
Are you missing out on what Twitter can do for your small or medium size business? The real Twitter Business opportunity is in the ability to generate leads and create brand awareness. If you take advantage of this awesome power you will be happy with the results. Of course we build Twitter applications so we may be a little biased in our opinion of how awesome Twitter can be for your business, but we are not alone in that thinking.
If you are wondering if Twitter may be right for your business let’s take a look at some of the current stats.
With these presentation you have the most common modals to teach to your students. It includes examples and the effects of each modals. It will be of a awesome help for you and your students since they will see everything from it.
Twitter Marketing for Your Business InfographicMoreFollow
Are you missing out on what Twitter can do for your small or medium size business? The real Twitter Business opportunity is in the ability to generate leads and create brand awareness. If you take advantage of this awesome power you will be happy with the results. Of course we build Twitter applications so we may be a little biased in our opinion of how awesome Twitter can be for your business, but we are not alone in that thinking.
If you are wondering if Twitter may be right for your business let’s take a look at some of the current stats.
Smart Work: Future Work Today - White PaperChris Leong
Exponential Information Communication Technology (ICT) advances are changing every aspect of people’s lives. The workplace is no exception and smart work centres represent a significant innovation in this area. Smart work is a mode of working that allows employees to perform telework in a co-working facility that is located close to the employee's residence. This “smart work hub” provides “smart workers” with desk spaces, wireless computer networks, video conferencing facilities and other office support facilities.
Smart work has numerous benefits for both staff and organisations. It can:
• Increase work-life balance which will improve employee performance and motivation;
• Promote innovation and collaboration amongst employees;
• Reduce office space requirements and associated costs for organisations; and
• Lower city congestion rates thereby reducing carbon emissions.
Furthermore, smart work represents an opportunity for increasing diversity in the workplace. For example, in Australia it can link regional workers to urban centres by removing the obstacle of distance.
Smart work has been adopted successfully in a number of countries already, notably the Netherlands, where the program was first started and where millions of euros have been saved every year from reductions in urban congestion as a result of the program. In South Korea, smart work has only recently been adopted, but has already shown significant results. There, the aim is to change the social fabric of that society--from its traditional hierarchical and collective culture toward a flatter and more individualistic one that is more flexible and innovative, and better able to compete in the global marketplace.
However, ingrained and out-dated organisational and cultural attitudes pose a significant barrier to the successful adoption of smart working practices. Through a case study analysis of KT Corp in Korea, this paper will explore how those attitudes can be overcome, should organisations align smart work practices toward specific strategic goals and implement such programs with the active participation of employees. The KT case demonstrates, through independently verified surveys along with external awards and acknowledgment, that improvements in work-life balance, innovation and productivity as well as diversity can be achieved.
As Australia has only just begun to implement smart work programs and will be assessing the economic benefits of such programs accordingly, Australian organisations should take note of cases such as this one, where governmental and organisational support of smart work has been invaluable to the successful implementation of this modern work practice. Finally, organisations should take note of the opportunity that adopting smart work represents for becoming innovators, by adopting best practice for working in the information age, in order to attract the finest talent of the future.
The Complete Guide to Twitter Marketing SuccessMoreFollow
If you have been struggling to figure out just how Twitter can fit into your marketing arsenal or just want to increase your brand awareness, this guide is for you.
4 Quick Ways to Improve Your Twitter ResultsMoreFollow
Unless you happen to be a famous celebrity odds are you may need some help improving your Twitter results. So I put together 4 quick actionable tips to get you on the right track.
If you do Twitter right you should see your traffic grow as you increase your followers.Twitter is also one of the only free platforms that actually delivers traffic
Social media can provide great results when done right. In this article I want to explore the most common reasons your social media is failing and provide you with some ideas on how you can easily fix them.
If you are floundering in the social media realm get ready to turn it around with awesome results.
Twitter Marketing Secrets for Your BusinessMoreFollow
More and more businesses are using Twitter to generate traffic and ultimately leads! Twitter can be a great resource to reach your target audience. When selecting your social media efforts you should go where your audience is already participating. Check out a few interesting Twitter stats!
Modal verbs are a category of auxiliary verbs in English grammar that play a unique and crucial role in expressing attitudes, degrees of necessity, possibility, ability, permission, and more. They work alongside main verbs to modify or enhance the meaning of a sentence, providing nuanced shades of meaning and indicating the speaker's viewpoint. Here's a description to help you understand modal verbs:
1. Expressing Modality:
Modal verbs are used to convey the speaker's attitude, opinion, or the way an action is seen from their perspective. They add layers of meaning to sentences by indicating how certain, likely, necessary, or possible an action is. Modality can be divided into several categories:
2. Possibility and Probability:
Modal verbs such as "can," "could," "may," "might," and "shall" are used to express degrees of possibility and probability.
Example: She may join us for dinner.
3. Necessity and Obligation:
Modal verbs like "must," "have to," and "should" are employed to denote necessity, obligation, or strong recommendation.
Example: Students must complete their assignments.
4. Ability and Permission:
Modal verbs such as "can" and "could" indicate someone's ability to perform an action, while "may" and "might" can express permission or give someone the right to do something.
Example (Ability): He can speak multiple languages.
Example (Permission): You may use my laptop.
5. Requests and Offers:
Modal verbs like "will" and "would" are used to make requests or offers, indicating willingness or the speaker's intention.
Example (Request): Would you please pass me the salt?
Example (Offer): I will help you with your project.
6. Deduction and Inference:
Modal verbs like "must" and "might" are used to express deductions or inferences based on available evidence.
Example: He's wearing a raincoat, so it must be raining.
7. Politeness and Formality:
Modal verbs can contribute to the tone of a sentence, making it more polite or formal.
Example: Could you kindly provide me with some information?
Modal verbs are distinct from main verbs in that they lack certain tenses and forms. They are always followed by the base form of the main verb and do not add "-s" in the third person singular. Understanding modal verbs allows you to convey a wide range of meanings, attitudes, and intentions in your communication, making your language more expressive and effective.
LIN020L007A Syntax and MorphologyTahmina HaqueModal VerbsA mo.docxSHIVA101531
LIN020L007A Syntax and Morphology
Tahmina Haque Modal VerbsA modal verb, also known as a modal auxiliary, is a type of auxiliary verb that is used to indicate modality. In 'Understanding English Grammar' Payne defines modality as a complex conceptual domain. Many researchers have written on defining auxiliarihood and modaity ( Palmer 1986; Nagle 1989; Heine 1993). There is no correct way to define modality because of its highly distinctive and variable feature. Palmer (1986: 4) tries to explain the reason:'The real problem with modality is just not that there is great variation in meaning across languages but that there is no clear basic feature.' Modality is not only marked by modal verbs, it is also marked by mood and by particle and clitics. All these together make the syntax and semantics of modality one of the biggest problem for grammatical analysis.In this essay English modal verbs and their general characteristics are brought together followed by their complex effect in the language in terms of meanings and their general use in communication. Modal verbs are members of a large set of auxiliary verbs which have some common characteristics. Below is a table listing the modal verbs and their classification ( Quirk et al. 1985: 137):Class of verbsExamples CENTRAL MODALSMARGINAL MODALSMODAL IDIOMSSEMI-AUXILIARIES can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, woulddare, need, ought to, used tohad better, would rather/ sooner, BE to, HAVE got to, etc
Have to, BE about to, BE able to, BE going to, BE likely to, BE supposed to, BE obliged to, BE supposed to, BE willing to, etcMorphological and syntactic characteristics of modal verbs:The modal verbs have been classified according to their morphological and syntactical characteristics. Below are some characteristics of the central modals verbs :Takes bare infinitiveTakes negation directly Takes inversion without DO 'Code' EmphasisNo -s form for third-person singular No non-finite formNo co-occurrence Abnormal time refercenceThey have no imperativeThere are suppletive negative formI can go.can't, mustn'tcan I? must I?I can swim and so can you..She COULD finish that*cans, *musts*to can, *musting*may will You COULD leave this evening. (not past time)*Must come now!Ayesha must be there → Ayesha needn't be there. The table below shows central modal verbs also take a morphologically past form :Present tensePast tenseCanFarhana can study all night.WillAyesha knows he will help herShallI know I shall help the kidsMayI know the students may need help.CouldFarhana could study all night.WouldAyesha knew he would help her.ShouldI knew I should help the kids.MightI knew the students might need helpThe past form of the verbs might, would, could, should are also used as different modal verbs with different meanings. 'Must' do not have a morphological past form. Syntactical change takes place to express past time:I must finish my syntax and morphology assignment (present)I must have finished sy ...
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Should and Must are real modal verbs, and therefore,
like all modal verbs:
They are always followed by the “Infinitive without to”.
Should do, Must do
They are the same for all the pronouns:
I should, he should, it should etc.
3. Should and Must are real modal verbs, and therefore, like all modal verbs:
Do not need auxiliaries. They take direct negative and
question forms
I Should not (Shouldn´t). We must not (mustn´t)
Should I? Must we?
Never combine with another modal verb:
You should can You should be able to…
He will must He will have to…
4. “Have to” is a semi-modal verb. It is like a modal verb because it
fulfils specific function, but it behaves like an ordinary verb in its
formulation:
It is followed by the infinitive “Without to”:
Have to do
It is conjugated according to pronouns:
I have to, he has to, etc.
5. “Have to” is a semi-modal verb. It is like a modal verb because it fulfils
specific function, but it behaves like an ordinary verb in its formulation:
It needs auxiliaries. It doesn´t take direct negative and question
forms
I don´t have to . She doesn´t have to
Do I have to? Does she have to?
It can combine whit modal verbs:
You will have to, he might have to.
6. I believe teachers should have higher salaries.
You look Tired. I think you should have some rest.
He shouldn´t make a rushed decision.
Do you think we should phone her?
What should I say when I speak to him?
7. He should arrive any minute.
He should be long now.
He shouldn´t have arrived by now.
8. You should have been more careful.
I shouldn´t have said that.
9. Note 1:
“Ought to” is a synonym for “should”.
It generally sounds more formal than
“should”, and is less commonly used
particularly in the question form:
10. Note 2:
Should (but not Ought to ) is also express a small
possibility.
- If I should ever go back there, I will not make the
same mistake again.
- Should you need any further assistance, do not
hesitate to contact me. (Formal writing)
11. He is very ill. You must call a doctor now.
We must not (mustn´t) lose the match tomorrow, or
we will be out of the tournament.
This is the best book I´ve ever read. You must read
too.
You mustn´t hesitate to call me if you need help.
12. You must not (mustn´t) use your mobile devices
during take off.
You must not be late for your interview tomorrow.
13. You must be tired after your very long day.
He must have read my letter, because he repeated
exactly what I had written.
14. You have to make an appointment to see him.
She has failed her exam. She Has to retake it.
15. He was very ill, had to call the doctor
immediately.
He was very busy, I Had to make an appointment
to see him.
16. He feels much better now, you don´t have to call
a doctor.
I didn´t have to make an appointment to see
him.
She has passed her exam, she won´t have to
retake it.
17. Note 1:
As you can see, the main difference between “must”
And “Have to” is that “must” is a necessity felt by the
speaker, whereas “have to” is an external obligation or
rule. If this difference is not relevant, you can use
“must” and “have to”, Interchangeably in positive
sentences.
18. Note 1:
However, be careful that in the negative “must not”
Is still a necessity or an obligation “NOT TO” do
something (a prohibition), whereas “don´t have to”,
removes the necessity or obligation.
19. Note 2:
As “must” has no past tense, both obligation and
necessity are expressed whit “had to” in the past.
20. Note 3:
“Need to” is a softer alternative to both, “must” and
“have to”:
- I must/need to finish this tonight, because I want to
take tomorrow off.
- I have to/need to finish this tonight. My deadline is
tomorrow.
- Do I need to finish this tonight? I don´t need to
finish this tonight.
21. Note 3:
You may also come across the modal verb “Need ”. It
is a very common modal verb, and can only be used in
negative sentences and questions:
- Do I need to finish this? = need I finish this?
- I don´t need to finish this = I needn´t to finish
this.
22. Have you had your exam results?
Yes, I've failed biology. I will ………………..…..retake
it in august.
Oh sorry. You ……….. be pretty upset. What about
physics?
I´ve passed that but with very low mark. My teacher
thinks I ……………….retake that too.
23. Have you had your exam results?
Yes, I've failed biology. I will have to (need to) retake
it in august.
Oh sorry. You must be pretty upset. What about
physics?
I´ve passed that but with very low mark. My teacher
thinks I should (Ought to) retake that too.
24. Do you think you ……………………retake it?
No. I strongly feel that I must …………focus on
biology. I …………fail that one. I …………………..get
at least a 8 in biology to study medicine at university.
Did you fail biology last year as well?
No. I passed in last year. I ………………….have passed
it this year too. I just didn´t study enough.
25. Do you think you should (ought to) retake it?
No. I strongly feel that I must (need to) focus on
biology. I mustn´t fail that one. I have to (need to)
get at least a 8 in biology to study medicine at
university.
Did you fail biology last year as well?
No. I passed in last year. I should (ought to) have
passed it this year too. I just didn´t study enough.
26. You ……..have studied enough! You always do.
The exam …….. have been difficult.
No, the exam wasn´t difficult. I was too tired.
I ………………………....... have partied the night
before.
I ………………………have studied instead.
Oh, I see. Well, you are good at biology.
You ……………………...be able to pass it in august.
27. You must have studied enough! You always do.
The exam must have been difficult.
No, the exam wasn´t difficult. I was too tired.
I shouldn´t (Oughtn´t to) have partied the night
before.
I should (ought to) have studied instead.
Oh, I see. Well, you are good at biology.
You should (ought to) be able to pass it in august.
28. I hope so. I ……………….………….find a summer job
as well. My dad insist!
Did you have a summer job last year?
No. I didn´t ……………………. work last summer.
I have some savings then.
What happen to your savings?
29. I hope so. I will have to (need to) find a summer job
as well. My dad insist!
Did you have a summer job last year?
No. I didn´t have to (need to) work last summer.
I have some savings then.
What happen to your savings?
30. I had to buy a car because my flat was too far
from the college.
Well. Good luck with your retake. You must let
me know how it went.