The document discusses the passive voice, including its form, verbs that can and cannot be used in the passive voice, and passive infinitives. The passive voice uses the form of "to be" plus the past participle of the main verb. Transitive verbs and verbs with two objects can typically be used in the passive voice. Certain verbs like intransitive verbs, stative verbs, and verbs of wanting cannot be made passive. Verbs followed by a bare infinitive in the active voice take an infinitive with "to" in the passive.

1. PASSIVE VOICE

2. PASSIVE VOICE: FORMPASSIVE VOICE: FORM
 To be + Past participle
ACTIVEACTIVE
Tom is painting the house
PASSIVEPASSIVE
The house is being painted by Tom

3. VERBS THAT CAN BEVERBS THAT CAN BE
USED IN THE PASSIVEUSED IN THE PASSIVE
 Transitive verbs
 Verbs with two objects
 She gave her sister the car
{ Vb + IO + DO}
 Her sister was given the car (more
common)
 The car was given to her sister

4. VERBS THAT CAN BEVERBS THAT CAN BE
USED IN THE PASSIVEUSED IN THE PASSIVE
 Multiword verbs if they are transitive
 The particle is never separated from
the verb in the passive voice.
 They took the company over in 2001.
 They took over the company in 2001.
 The company was taken over (by them) in
2001.
 * The company was taken by them over in
2001.

5. VERBS THATVERBS THAT CANNOTCANNOT BEBE
USED IN THE PASSIVEUSED IN THE PASSIVE
 Intransitive verbs
 Certain stative verbs (e.g. have, resemble,
suit, fit, belong)
 John has a Ferrari (stative verb) //

*A Ferrari is had by John
 Sylvia resembles a Greek goddess.

* A Greek goddess is resembled by Silvia
 Some prepositional verbs are mainly used in
the active
 We walked into the room  *The room was
walked into.

6. VERBS THATVERBS THAT CANNOTCANNOT BEBE
USED IN THE PASSIVEUSED IN THE PASSIVE
• Let has no passive form so we use
a passive form of allow, permit, give
permission instead.
 The teacher let us leave early.
 We were allowed to leave early.

7. VERBS THATVERBS THAT CANNOTCANNOT BEBE
USED IN THE PASSIVEUSED IN THE PASSIVE
 Verbs of wanting and liking e.g. want,
love, hate, + object + infinitive cannot be
made passive
 *He was wanted to leave
 She wanted him to leave
 Some verbs with two objects cannot
be passive at all
 The book earned him a fortune
 Let me wish you good luck

8. PASSIVE INFINITIVESPASSIVE INFINITIVES
Verbs such as make, see, hear and help which are:
 followed by a bare infinitive in the active
 The boss made me work late
 I saw her take it
 followed by infinitive with to in the passive.
 I was made to work late.
 She was seen to take it.

10. People say he is a very good
doctor

12.  Jane works very hard
 It is said that Jane works very hard
 She is said to work very hard