Data collection and instrumentation reported
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Data collection and instrumentation reported
- 9. in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes. The process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest D A T A C O L L E C T I O N
- 15. "Careful planning for data collection can help with setting realistic goals. Data collection instrumentation, such as surveys, physiologic measures (blood pressure or temperature), or interview guides, must be identified and described. Using previously validated collection instruments can save time and increase the study's credibility. Once the data collection procedure has been determined, a time line for completion should be established." (Pierce, 2009, p.
Editor's Notes
- We all know that in the first three chapters of research of what every researcher had been through are mainly about theories, more on abstract ideas, more on the process of developing the theory about ones study. However, a research does not depend on theories alone, it needs to be justified and needs to be evaluated. Then, DATA GATHERING AND RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS COME IN.For now, it is the time for us need to define the “how” of our actual research process, and its outcome.- To produce a good output, it is important that we understand all the various ways of collecting data so that we can decide which to use for our own research. BUT BEFORE WE PROCEED TO MY REPORT, MAY I REQUEST ALL OF YOU FOR A PRAYER…
- - First thing, I will present the different definitions of what QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH mean…- Your research will take an objective position, and your approach will be to treat phenomena as hard and real. -You may favor methods such as surveys and experiments, and will attempt to test hypotheses or statements with a view to generalizing from the specific data that you collect.
- With L.R. GAY, he defines it as….
- Somehow with GRANT HENNING, he describes it as the….
- On the other hand, for JOHN W. CRESWELL, he refers it as….
- In addition, CRESWELL refers the quantitative type research as…So far when we speak about NOMENCLATURE – terminology/classificationIt is important to remember that all methods of data collection can supply quantitative data (numbers, statistics or financial) or qualitative data (usually words or text).
- Since we come to learn the meaning of quantitative research.Let us now go to my topic, but first thing let’s define what data mean?RAW – undone/fresh/new(after the 2nd meaning)DATA are FACTS, FIGURES, ENUMERATIONS, CHARTS, GRAPHS which serve the basis of analysis.
- Data Collection is an important aspect of any type of research study.
- In addition…
- EVERY DATA THAT ARE COLLECTED MUST BE WELL-PLANNED for it produce CONSISTENT, RELIABLE AND USEFULA not-WELL PLANNED containing inaccurate data collection - can impact the results of a study and ultimately lead to invalid results.
- Let us know the different STEPS IN COLLECTING DATA
- It is important that a researcher must know the type of data that need to be gathered and its sourcesThe TARGET people of your study is another important, this is what we call: RESPONDENTSSetting the time as of when it will be conducted is essential toEvery respondent must be treated nicely for he is the one who will help the researcher achieve the objective of the studyBefore the FINAL IMPLEMENTATION of the research, it has to be piloted (PRE-TEST) by some individuals…these are away from your real respondentsImplementation is the FINAL STAGE
- Since we almost understand the things to consider in gathering data, then it is essential to identify the type of instrument for gathering information…One of the most important components of a research design is the research instruments for they gather or collect data or information.
- A research instrument is a survey, questionnaire, test, scale, rating, or tool designed to measure the variable(s), characteristic(s), or information of interest, often a behavioral or psychological characteristic. These research tools are ways of gathering data that help us come to realize the study being made.
- Let us now identify the difference between INSTRUMENT and INSTRUMENTATION…An INSTRUMENT is mainly about survey, test and questionnaires; while, INSTRUMENTATION, this is the course of action, the process of developing the study, the use of devices, in short, THE TESTING PROCEDURE
- Since we have identified the different devices to use…Now, let us know what QUESTIONNAIRE IS…(read the meaning)Most common….for it is what most researchers used in measuring the height of the studyThe questionnaire is an important part of a study. It should be carefully designed by taking account of all the information that are to be obtained.
- The first one is CLOSED –ENDED…is a question for which the researcher provides a suitable list of responsesOn the other hand, an OPEN-ENDED… is a question where there are no set of answers or choices to choose from. Rather, respondents are asked to answer in their own words.
- In constructing a questionnaire, some guidelines must be followed like:1. directions, items, choices must written in a clearest manner that respondents do not need to ask questions for clarifications especially for postal questionnaire.2. pointing-out the objective is necessary.3. All questions must be relevant to the study.4. Rules for SUBJECT-VERB agreement.
- Somehow, this form of data gathering has advantages and disadvantages, the following are the advantages:First….it is easy to be facilitated2. Easy to show the reliability and validity of the study3. Does not require much time of the researcher4. CONFIDENTIALITY is vital too, as a researcher, respondents background must not be revealed.
- This type of questionnaire is classified as POSTAL QUESTIONNAIRE, especially if the study requires hundreds of respondents( FOR NO. 2 & 3) Respondents only give what is only entailed to the study, other details for further analysis are not possible to be seenVague ideas, obscure matters will not be clarifiedRespondents must be well capable to answer
- The interviewee gives needed information verbally rather than written forms…
- To sum up, an interview is more realistic, helpful to clarify data.
- An unstandardized interview is a free interview or open conversation with an interview participant. This type of interview is characterized by:a free wording of the questions by the interviewer andopen answer options for the respondent. IN WHICH THE STRUCTURED ONE DOES NOT GO THIS WAY!