1) The document discusses the key sections of a scientific research paper or report, including an abstract, introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. 2) The abstract summarizes the objectives, materials, methods, results, and conclusions in about 200 words. 3) The introduction describes the topic, relates it to previous studies, and states the hypothesis and objectives. 4) The literature review provides detailed information about the topic and relates it to previous research findings. 5) The methodology section explains the experimental design, materials, methods, data collection, analysis, and presentation. 6) The results section statistically analyzes and presents the data to address the objectives and compare to prior work

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Professional Scientific Writing
Mubasher Solangi, MPhil (Animal Physiology)
Abstract
An abstract is the summarized text showing complete detail of a particular research, report or review. It
includes objectives of study, materials including animals and methods, results of study and conclusion of
current results. It should be defined in a single paragraph within 200 words.
Introduction
An introduction is the short description of the study, it mainly comprises of introduction of the topic,
relation of topic with parameters selected in the light of previous studies, hypothesis of current study
and objective of current study.
Review of literature
This is detailed section provides complete information about topic, its different relativities with different
studies in the light of previous researches and in accordance with the current hypothesis. This is
discussed under separate heading during thesis writing while during research paper writing this should
be added in introduction in summarized way.
Methodology
This section has complete experimental design including material and methods used within the study.
Details about experimental trails, data collection, analysis and presentation of research data is
important part of this section.
Results
This section deals with the complete, thorough and statically analyzed data showing significance on
which bases the results can be compared with the previous work to fulfill objectives of current study or
research.
Discussion
This section is detailed justification of the current research which deals with the logical descriptions and
elaborations of current study. Relation of current study with previous researches with instances of
published work, if the research does not agrees with the previous work than a solid and logical scientific
reason should be provided to justify the current work.
Conclusion
After justification of the current study in the light of scientific facts, this is final statement of the
scientist, can be called theory in the light of hypothesis given in introduction.