Comparing Nationalism and Scottish Enlightenment

Liberal Democracies Vs. Liberal Democracy Essay
Liberal democracies, are defined as the system in which governmental body operate under the
principle of individual rights and work to protect them regardless of religion, sect, ethnicity etc.
Liberal democracies are thought to be secular in nature and generally do not account for religions or
ethnicities rather they promote a certain nationalistic perspective throughout the state. Laws are
made through majority vote in the parliament and are meant to be logical in nature rather than
derived from sources like religion, culture, traditions etc. However, in some parts of the world such
as Middle East, people value their sectarian or ethnic identities more than nationalistic values. So a
debate emerges around the openness of democratic system to religion. Although Ethnocracy offers
short term solution for some countries like Syria, yet the system should be based on liberal
democracy that work on the principle of "State nation" that protects core values of democracy and
account for religions as well.
Ethnocracy is a system that only allows political parties based on ethnic, religion or sectarian
identities to participate in the elections and individual choices are ignored. This system is applicable
in some countries like Lebanon where after widespread conflict between different groups, it has
been authorized that three parties based on Christians, Sunni Muslims and Shia Muslims can only
participate in elections and people have to tie with any of these groups. There are quotas
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The Effectiveness of Communication in Foreign Countries
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNICATION IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES Global
communication channel got to be enclosure for debating the universal budgetary, political, and
social limits around the individuals after they have obtained all the data through worldwide media
and global relations reports made accessible through the worldwide correspondence stations, for
example, the web, radio, Tvs, daily papers and numerous different channels of scattering data about
worldwide issues. There is dependably contention in the South African media about the South
African government method for doing things. In this manner individuals are impact by the media
and others manifestations of correspondence channels which profits this data to them and develops
general notions which develops the contestation about these issues. In this segment we will take a
gander at how the channels of worldwide correspondences have turned into the coliseum for
contestation about the economy, governmental issues and society. There is a word which develops
as often as possible lately. This word is worldwide correspondence. Is it true that you are certain that
you know the significance of this statement? As stated by thunderbird, Global Communication is the
capacity to obviously trade and express seeing through tuning in, talking, perusing or composing.
Worldwide correspondence assumes a critical part in contemporary social. In the previous ten years,
it changed the states of social order and advertised the improvement of

Characteristics Of A Nation State
We live in a world where exchanging information and culture is as easy as clicking a button on your
smartphone or computer. However, while that may be considered as a positive attribute to the
worldliness of individuals across the globe, it proposes a potential threat to the very cultures we
appreciate and wish to experience. While the terms nation and state are often used synonymously,
they have very different denotations. A nation can be defined as a geographical location where the
inhabits share cultural similarities and have a sense of nationalism for where they are from. The
term nation is used to describe culturally identity and attachment to a certain state. The term state
serves more of a politically and governmental meaning because it labels a particular location as
sovereign, giving the areas within the defined borders power over what goes on within those
borders. When combining the cultural and political aspects of a particular location defined by
specific borders, the term nation–state is used to depict an area such as the United Kingdom in
which there are individual states, but they have cultural variances such as language and customs.
Keeping with the example of the UK, we witnessed last year when Scotland, one of the states
included in the UK, tried to succeed from the parliamentary sovereignty and become its own
sovereign nation in order to preserve its cultural identity. When looking at the case of Scotland
succeeding from the UK, one could come to the

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Nationalism In The Context Of...
Frantz Fanon was an Afro–Caribbean philosopher and writer who worked for the Front de la
Liberation Nationale, FLN, and he developed a theory claiming that nationalism falls on the day that
Independence is declared. He argues that colonialisation creates a class division within colonial
societies and allows for European capital to infiltrate the decolonised countries and ultimately
controlling the processes of producing raw materials and selling them to European countries. This
essay will identify Fanon's assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of nationalism in context of
colonial and post colonial conditions using examples from Chapter 3 in "The Pitfalls of National
Consciousness".
Fanon believes that national consciousness is the result ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The national bourgeoisie identifies itself with the western bourgeoisie because it learned denial and
corruption from the western bourgeoisie. Big farmers demanded a type of nationalization of
agricultural production after independence was proclaimed which allowed the big farms to absorb
farms previously owned by settlers but weaknesses of this new nationalization was that it did not
introduce new farming practices or farmed more intensely. The farmers were also able to legitimize
exploitation practices of their workers and had no plans for further progress. A weakness of nations
during colonialism is religion that split people up into different spiritual communities and this
religious strain could be responsible for racist practices and sentiments. Africa was divided into a
White (civilisation and tradition) and Black Africa (brutal and uncivilized) by the national
bourgeoisie that had taken over from the Europeans and they created a racial viewpoint. The
national bourgeoisie setup a system of exploitation in the African colonial regime and did their best
to stop African's from obtaining 'Utopia'. The national bourgeoisie were powerless when it came to
proceedings during parliament and were unable to bring about social changes and opted for a single
party governing which can be seen as a modern form of a

Notes on Nationalism- A2 Government and Politics
Nationalism
The nature of the nation and the differences between nations and states.
– A nation can be defined as a group of people who consider themselves to have common
circumstances at birth. These common circumstances are strong enough for them to adopt collective
goals based on their national identity. Nationalism is therefore an emotional phenomenon felt by the
people.
– There are a number of typical circumstances of birth that may give rise to nationhood including
having a single common ancestor, a common historical experience, common culture, ethnic identity,
geographical proximity, religion, attachment to territory.
– A state is a political reality. It either exists or it doesn't. In contrast to the concept of nation, it ...
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Civic nationalism is much more inclusive as it's the citizenship which joins people, and citizenship
can be achieved by anyone. * Ethnic nationalism: nationhood is defined by language, religion,
customs and traditions. According to ethnic nationalists, it is not the state that creates the nation but
the nation, which creates the state. The glue that holds people together is not shared political rights,
but pre–existing ethnic characteristics. Ethnic nationalism is more exclusive as it believes that not
everyone can become a part of a particular nation–state.
The nation–state and its alleged benefits
–Maintains law and order within the territory
–Secures the state against external threats
–Develops and maintains useful relations with other states
–Regulates the currency, the operation of markets and the economy in general.
–Maintains the welfare of its people
–Promotes economic and social progress
–Protects and improves the physical environment of the country.
Relationship between nationalism and liberalism * Liberal nationalists demand that every
recognisable nation has the right to freedom from subjection to the rule of other nations and states. *
Liberalism demanded that every individual should be free, thus so should be every individual state.
* The freedom of nations and the freedom of individuals were inextricable linked, and individuals
could not be free unless the

Similarities Between Englishment And Nationalism
Explaining the concept of Caribbean identity has proven to be challenging because the Caribbean is
considered to be a melting pot of various ethnic groups and culture. However, in the discourse of the
concept of Caribbean identity, the terms Scottish Enlightenment and nationalism are pivotal to this
discussion. Hence, the author of this paper will describe both terms and explain the similarities
between both concepts.
Scottish Enlightenment
The Scottish Enlightenment is characterized as an upsurge of intellectual and scientific
achievements during the 18th century in Scotland which emphasized reason and thought and the
power of individuals to solve problems. According to Berry (2000) the Scottish Enlightenment
refers to a self–conscious movement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He also claimed that during the Enlightenment period there was growth in the area of literacy which
generated many new ideologies and the opposition of the old regime.
According to Scott and Marshall (2009) the Enlightenment thinkers purported that society was the
natural state of civilization and that individuals are innately social and their capabilities were
insignificant beyond a social framework. Nationalism shares this belief in regard to the concept of
solidarity founded in the preindustrial period (Hutchinson & Smith, 1994). Moreover, both the
Scottish Enlightenment and nationalism contributed to national development and was seen in
establishment of buildings and monuments (Hutchinson & Smith, 1994).
Furthermore, nationalism, similar to the Scottish Enlightenment contributed to nation building in the
context of recognition and unification of the community by offering an evolutionary view of its
society. Moreover, both nationalism and the Enlightenment altered the mind–set of individuals
especially in times of social unrest. The thinkers of the Enlightenment and the cultural nationalists
were moral visionaries and were dedicated to social

The Rights Of Free Speech
Raphael Cohen–Almagor did a remarkable job at addressing the current state of affairs in the nation
of Israel when it comes to the presence of hate speech against minorities and how to appropriately
resolve issues of hate speech without infringing on the rights of free speech that is important for the
existence of democracy. The purpose of using this document by Emily Foster is to use the contents
of the article to help support their current position on the act of democratic censorship, but wither it
be in a way to promote censorship in order to maintain order, or to remove censorship as a way to
promote free speech is unclear to me. In regards to Cohen–Almagor, I find the choice of using Israel
as a focus for the research for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the research to be derived from this article, it would be my suggestion to include democratic
nations with a more solid constitutional foundation with more enforceable forms of legislation.
When identifying what forms of legislation or other methods to regulate hate speech exist, and how
effective these methods are, it would be wise to include not only wither or not the method has
worked, but wither or not the culture of the nation has influenced the effectiveness of the actions
taken. In Israel while the country may have written laws prohibiting certain actions in order to
change cultural actions, the people will find ways to obey the law while still following those cultural
traditions. The addressing of context and status in society in regards to hate speech was a very
strong are to address that the original writer Cohen–Almagor touched on. Hate speech among
individuals who have known each other for an extended period of time may not be seen as offensive
within that enclosed group. The actions will seem more along the lines of playful banter, and the
expressions or reactions of the individuals will reflect this. Hate speech between two strangers will
have a much different result being that the individuals do not have any knowledge of the other
individual to the depth that friends and family may have, so hate speech towards that individual will
be seen as, and act in, an aggressive attack on the individual. Now it is in these

Compulsory Voting: Moral Issues and Necessities in A...
Compulsory Voting: Moral Issues and Necessities in A Democratic Nation Compulsory voting as
defined by Merriam Webster is "a system in which electors are obligated to vote in elections, or be
subject to punitive measures such as fines or community service if violated." It is a system of voting
that has been implemented successfully in over 30 countries, and has seen the increase in voting
turnout on average of 20%. When compulsory voting was abandoned turnout after a period of
mandatory voting, voting dropped on average 25%. This is an issue that can shape the future of
democratic nations, for the actions that governments make are reliant upon those who enter into
office, due to the ballot of the people. Therefore, in a democracy, voting ought to be compulsory. In
many democratic nations compulsory voting has been good, and reduces the threat of low voter
turnout, while increasing the legitimacy of the government. Annabelle Lever, a research fellow at
the Institute for Science, Ethics and Innovation at the Manchester University School of Law, states
"participation in elections is declining in most advanced industrial countries"; this lower turnout has
begun to make democratic voting systems that can "threaten the legitimacy of a country's
government and electoral system, because it significantly increases the likelihood that governments
will reflect a minority, rather than a majority, of registered voters" (58–59). In order to combat this
decline, compulsory

Public State Formation And Stimulation Of Increased Ethnic...
Michael Snyder
State Building
Sovereign State Formation and Stimulation of Increased Ethnic Conflict
This paper looks to examine parallels in the rise of ethnic tensions that have followed state building
efforts of multiple forms in regions that had legacies of colonial rule, traditionally independent
states, and newly independent states. In considering the potential for ethnic conflicts to become
violent we must consider the fact that the ethnic divisions have evolved in a longer running
historical context that includes the colonial and post–colonial periods. As modern states have
become institutionalized across the Third World, the politicization and conflicting nature of ethnic
divisions have taken on new dimensions as the newly created states have taken up the mantles of
aspiring to represent the "entire nation." (Wimmer, 1997) The role of ethnicity has played varying
degrees of importance in either solidifying or fragmenting the creation of national identities. Ethnic
wars became increasingly common in numbers in the years from 1950–1999, comprising 55 percent
to 72 percent of all civil wars during the period. Additionally, in the 1990s alone, more than 200
ethnic minorities and subordinate majorities throughout the world were contesting their political
status. (Johnson, 2008). As new nations develop, ethnic conflict is often a key source of division
within states for a variety of causes.
To clarify the linkages between state formation and ethnic conflict

The Problem Of A Dichotomy Of Civil And Ethnic Nationalism
conceptualization
Not only economic, but also political realities of global process of democratization of the 1990s of
the 20th century had impact on development of the political analysis of nationalism, having
stabilized a problem of the analysis of a ratio of civil and ethnic nationalism not so much in general–
theoretical, but in a regional direction.
The problem of a dichotomy of civil nationalism (as inherent mainly in countries of Western Europe
and North America) and ethnic nationalism (widespread, according to the standard version, in the
countries of the Central and Eastern Europe) became a subject of scientific discussion.
Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the USA were distinguished as a political
type. Ideas of nation and the corresponding type of nationalism, according to Kohn (1961), arose
and were created within earlier existing government institutions promoting distribution of the
process of cultural homogenization (that is relative uniformity of society). The Western model of
nationalism borrowed ideas of freedom and equality, fight against dynastic board, equating of
nationality with nation accessory when all nations, which are a part, are united by the equal political
status and desire (will) of the individual to be part of the nation. Within the Western model, the state
preceded (or process of its formation coincided) to development of the nation. Kohn (1961) wrote
that "nationalism transcends localism and kinship; cosmopolitanism

Nationalism in a Multicultural Society
Nationalism is exclusionary by definition. In a well–argued essay, compare the positive and negative
effects of nationalism within a multicultural or multiethnic society. In your answer, discuss the
problems that a multicultural society poses to the formation of national identity and why you do or
do not believe that nationalism is compatible with the liberal state's emphasis upon individual rights
and freedoms.
"The Age of liberal democracy is also the Age of nationalism" (Bernard Yack, 2003) . Throughout
history, the relationship between nationalism and the emergence and proliferation of the liberal
democratic state has been closely intertwined. Examples of democratic states that rose in tandem
with nationalism are the French ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He carried out genocide on the German Jews in order to create the perfect Aryan race. Hitler
successfully turned the Germans against each other based on anti–Semitic ideals. "From this point
of view, nationalism and the politics of ethnic cleansing represent the 'dark side of democracy'"
(Bernard Yack, 2003) . National identity becomes horribly wrong, especially in multinational
societies, when people sometimes rank identities hierarchically, leading to the rejection of another
nation as inferior.
The modernist theories imply that until the beginning of the 19th century, almost no one had more
than local loyalties. National identity and unity were originally imposed from above, by European
states, because they were necessary to modernize the economy and society. In this theory, nationalist
conflicts are an unintended side–effect. "For state theorists, pervasive loyalty or devotion to the
polity is purposefully encouraged through the allocation of services and privileges, with the state
adjudicating disputes to bolster unity" (Bernard Yack, 2003) . Ernest Gellner, a philosopher and
social anthropologist, argued that nations are a by–product of industrialization. Modernization
theorists regard the printing press and capitalism as necessary conditions for nationalism. The
greater the group nationalism, the greater the group homogeneity of attitudes, beliefs, language
spoken and ways of behaving, the greater is the group cohesiveness. Partly as a result of

The City as a European Symbol
The author describes and explains the evolution and role of city throughout history as an European
invention, and later on proposes to bring cities closer to the decisionmaking processes of the EU,
since cities proved to be able to from identities in the past, which would be desirable for a united
Europe. It is the cities that give an European feeling to the nations.
Contemporary Europe of regions includes quite a variety of cultures and traditions. To be able to
preserve this variety, it cannot homogenize completely. This is where the roles of cities come in,
being able to cope with diversity the best. (Riekmann, 1997)
Essential values are linked to the rise of the city – democracy, freedom, citizenship, equality. It was
the city which lead to the invention of new political, economic, or technical ways which afterwards
spread throughout the nations and the world. Cities are like melting pots, mixing and clashing,
producing new concepts and ideas. Through architecture and city planning, basic ideals, order, and
norms are being constructed thus implying it evolves out of disorder. To ensure that identity, social
and political order would be preserved they often had to be bordered and, but to maintain their vigor
they had to remain open to the world. Later on capitalism came hand in hand with state building and
it destroyed the autonomy the city had enjoyed until that time, and moved it to the national level.
The concept of urban citizenship was lost aswell and national

Dbq Essay On Nationalism
Javen Grier
Mr. Digregorio
World History
November 10 2015
Nationalism
Nationalism, a political or social philosophy in which the prosperity of a nation–state as an
existence is considered supreme or more important than anything else. The primary duty and loyalty
should be toward the nation–state. The love for one's country often reflected dominance and power
as people were able to unite toward common good. Furthermore, republic governments were
reestablished a result of Nationalism. Influential leaders often sparked the fire inside the hearts of
many in order to bring them together for a common good. Garibaldi was referred to a "the sword"
for his military feats. He was able to elevate and bring together a group of 1000 red shirts(Doc 4).
The idea of being free within society from oppressive restriction appealed to many. It would mean
that they could ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Levee en Masse had a large impact on the Revolution(Doc 1). He forced everyone to unite toward a
common good in order to excite hatred of kings, and to preach the unity of the republic. Everyone
had a role during the French Revolution whether it was going forth into battle, making arms,
transporting food, serving hospitals, preparing lint from old linens, or gathering in public places to
raise the courage of the warriors. People were willing to contribute so much in the hopes that they
could finally live in a democratic society. The majority would finally get their their way, creating a
happier group of people. Simon Bolivar was another great leader that had his eyes set on destroying
the spanish and reestablishing the republican government(Doc 6). With San Martin's army, he had
enough firepower to destroy the remaining Spanish forces and win the freedom for the Latin
Americans and reestablish the republican government. Future countries of Venezuela, columbia,
Panama, and Ecuador would unite into a country called Gran

The Economic Crisis Is the Greater Challenge than...
Globalization (a process) centers on improving the efficiency and speed that economies interact and
transform interconnectivity between sovereign nations' political, social and economic cultures. For
centuries, globalized improvements in infrastructure (communication, economies, trade, and ideas)
have allowed sovereigns to improve interdependence with others. This essay will present why the
economic crisis, a global issue, is the greater challenge than pandemics to U.S. national interest.
Regarding pandemic challenges, the U.S. has among the world's best health care. The ability of the
Center for Disease Control (CDC) to respond to pandemics is better than any other nation. Over the
last 100 years, influenza pandemics have been among the leading cause of infectious deaths.
Technological advances have expanded understanding of complex pandemics and have improved
our ability to contain outbreaks or "manipulate micro genomes." Caution should be considered as
the same scientific knowledge can be deliberately misused.
The U.S. works with countries, addressing infectious diseases that slow socioeconomic and
democratic development, as well as the humanitarian emergencies and civil conflicts that pandemics
contribute to. Infectious disease–related embargoes and restrictions on travel and immigration can
cause economic frictions among sovereign states. Deployed U.S. military personnel will be at low–
to–moderate risk from pandemics yet, at the highest risk while deployed in

Compare And Contrast Iroquois And Delian League
Two of the most iconic confederacies in history, the Iroquois and Delian League have shaped the
cultural landscapes of North America and Greece respectively. Despite the similar democratic
principles in both regions, the confederacies' incentives for their beginnings were vastly different, as
the Iroquois was seen to sustain internal safety with expansionist policies, while the Delian League
was to resist external pressure without any imperialist motives.
The beginnings of the Iroquois confederacy were triggered by the prevalent ethnic tensions between
the many nations in the North American region. Established prior to European contact in the 1450s,
the idea of a confederacy was masterminded by the Peacemaker, commonly known as Dekadawina.
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Kinship was traced through the female line, as the Western–headed "father figure" consisted of the
progeny of the woman and her female descendants. On a macro scale, the family was integrated into
a system of clans, clans into nations, and ethnic groups into the confederation. This confederation
featured a system known as the "Grand Council", where each associated family would be placed in a
hierarchy. The hierarchy would dictate the tasks each family or nation would be responsible for.
Within the council itself, the decision–making process resembles that of a two–house congress in
one body, with the 'older brothers', the nations of the Mohawk and Onondaga, and 'younger
brothers', the nations of the Cayuga and Oneida each comprising a side of the house. Between these
two distinct houses, the 'older brothers' of the Mohawk and Onondaga occupy an executive role,
hence its name, and possess a veto that could be overridden by both the 'younger brothers' as part of
the process. The resulting decision by the Mohawk and Onondaga are not final, however, as the
head chief of the organization, known as the Hononwiretonh, whose duty is to sit and listen to the
debate, is the final voice within this decision process. As can be seen, this legislative system
provides for numerous checks and balances of power and depends on

Hegemonic Internationalism, Pursuit of National Interests?
Hegemonic Internationalism, Pursuit of National Interests? Hegemonic internationalism by
definition is a paradox within itself. Internationalism suggests cooperation among nations for
common good, while hegemony is an instance when one nation has power over another nation. This
leads to the belief that hegemonic internationalism is, in reality, one nation pursuing its own national
interests at the expense of other nation. Nazi Germany, Iran and the United States are all examples
of a nation pursuing hegemonic internationalism. Hitler ultimately wanted to establish a New Order
of absolute Nazi German hegemony in Europe. To achieve this, he pursued a foreign policy with the
declared goal of seizing Lebensraum ("living space") for the ... Show more content on
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On September 20, 2002, the Bush administration published a national security manifesto titled "The
National Security Strategy of the United States of America"; sometimes called "the Bush Doctrine",
which is a justification for easy recourse to war whenever and wherever an American president
chooses. The United States wanted more control over the Middle East and the oil that could be
obtained there; all they needed was an excuse to go to war and in turn be able to obtain resources.
After 9/11 Bush had his excuse; Al Qaeda. Weaving a trail of propaganda and fear through the
media with false information, Bush ordered an invasion of Iraq in pursuit of his form of hegemonic
internationalism. The reasons broadcasted by the White House claimed that Saddam Hussein
(President of Iraq in 2002) was building weapons of mass destruction and promoting/supporting
terrorism which made him a grave threat to the western world. The real reason behind invading Iraq
was to secure American access to vital resources, being oil. Iraq had been attacking Iran who was
dangerously close to Saudi Arabia which is a huge supplier of oil to the United States. Once the
United States had control of Iraq they installed a sympathetic "democratic" government which had
eliminated the Iraqi threat to Saudi oil. Through the pursuit of hegemonic internationalism the
United States had achieved one of its national interests, obtaining vital resources, but at a huge cost.
Over 1 million

The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Globalization
Advantages of Globalization
The Globalization phenomenon has impacted people on at least three fronts, namely, socio–
economic impacts, political impacts and cultural impacts.
On the socio–economic front, the worldwide commercial market becomes flexible and transactions
of the international companies transcend beyond countries' geographical borders. Globalization also
improves the flow of capital, enabling the investors to invest on the unexploited resources of the
developing countries ("Advantages of Globalization," 2010).
Access to the foreign investments in many countries has become possible due to free flow of
capitals. Economic Globalization enables open economy as well as widespread promotion of
technological growth and inventions rule the world ("Advantages of Globalization," 2010).
On the political front, the democratic thoughts are swiftly spreading across countries due to
Globalization. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moreover, countries' total output levels and quality improve when production is competition–based.
Cheap imports as well as competition at international level address price rise resulting in reduced
inflation rates. Above all, Globalization reduces the threat of warfare among developed countries to
a significant extent ("Advantages of Globalization," 2010).
On the cultural front, Globalization eases cultural constraints as well as differences among nations,
by encouraging empathy, fellowship and mutual compassion. Globalization of the mass media has
significantly reduced the global space, enabling the people to be informed about all recent
international occurrences through different television channels ("Advantages of Globalization,"
2010).
One of the positive impacts of Globalization is the smooth as well as swift transportation of people
and commodities to different corners of the world, enabling people to learn and understand other
cultures ("Advantages of Globalization,"

The Media 's Role Of A Democratic Nation
The news media is an important aspect of a democratic nation, as one of their roles is to be a voice
of the public – to mediate between the public and the government. Anderson (2007) asserts that the
normative roles of the news media in a democratic society are to undertake the role of the fourth
estate, act as a watchdog, and when necessary, as a counterbalance to those in society who abuse
their power. In other words, the media's function in society is critical to ensuring a balanced
governance and providing reliable information to the public. It is the primary institution within
which the public can better understand its society and the world around them. This paper
synthesizes my research findings regarding the saturation of ... Show more content on
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They are also expected to report news that informs, engages and educates the public on issues that
affect them, news that is independent of vested interest (Mcquail, 1994). Most of the ethical codes
as stated above, concentrate on providing reliable information to the public as well as avoiding bias
and sensationalism in the news.
On the other hand, Atton (2003) describes alternative media as a critical means to challenge the
standardised and professionalised practices of mainstream media. It is guided by a purpose other
than profit, unlike mainstream media which is often structured to promote consumption of the
products it advertises (Skinner, 2009). Alternative media does not claim to be objective. It does not
consider itself bound by the conventions of journalism. It sees itself as providing a platform for
everyone to voice their opinions (i.e. a platform for horizontal communication) (Hackett & Zhao,
2002). What I found through my research is that mainstream media does not always follow its role
of maintaining 'ideal' journalistic standards. It more often focuses on reporting sensational news for
entertainment & commercial purposes, rather than news that intellectually informs, engages and
educates the public. Mehrotra (2011) defines media sensationalism as "the style of reporting news to
the public which involves use of fear, anger, excitement and crude thrill undertaken by the media to
increase the

China's Internet Penetration Rate
computer, which is then used to gain access to other computers on a network, often inflicting
massive economic damage in the process. It is estimated that Chinese websites (including
government and banking sites) suffer over 2,000 botnet and other similar attacks per month. Such
problems are only made more acute as China's Internet penetration rate is among the fastest growing
in the world, while its information enterprises are still inexperienced relative to Western industry
experts.
Network technology is innovating and evolving so quickly that the government cannot keep up with
market demands and guarantee security without industry cooperation. Most domestic Internet
enterprises in China are still relatively new private companies, and it ... Show more content on
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It illustrates the speed and variability at which these cybersecurity developments shape up. For
example, it is not difficult to imagine that under less turbulent circumstances, advocates for
democratic values in China would have gained a stronger foothold in the realm of cybersecurity
policy. Russia also faces complex questions despite the apparent clarity of its "Information Security"
policy. The history of cybercrime in Russia provides an interesting illustration of one of these
complications. The 1990s marked a legal and economic collapse in Russia, leading to high
unemployment even among the tech savvy, ambitious students of the Soviet education tradition.
During this time, there arose a national trend of citizens becoming more engaged in criminal
structures just to make a living. Cybercrime, both with domestic and international targets, became
one of these outlets (Glenney 147). This further illustrates the differences in circumstances between
Western and Eastern cyberspace, and leads one to question whether the stronger role of state
intervention in Russia is justified or not. For both China and Russia, the basic idea that "Information
Security" is an instrument of state power "has not yet led to an adequate understanding of how to
best utilize it; what interests it could protect and advance; how to deter its use by others; and the
rules to which states should

The Nation Of Canad A Long Standing Picture Of Equal...
The nation of Canada has strived to be recognized as a long–standing picture of equal democratic
rights and freedoms for all. Although mistakes and occasional aberrations do occur, we must always
endeavour to be a nation that promotes equality and shuns discrimination, even if it means changing
our laws in the process. Equality for all is a constitutionally entrenched law and we as citizens,
lawmakers, and judges must uphold the constitution and ensure our nation evolves to demonstrate,
in practice, the intent of words outlined in the constitution. In Vriend v. Alberta, the appellant
Delwin Vriend was working as a laboratory coordinator in Alberta when he was terminated after
revealing his sexual orientation (Vriend v. Alberta, [1998] 1 S.C.R. 493 2). It was well known that
Vriend received positive reviews on his work and throughout the course of his employment he
enjoyed the benefits of his hard work (Vriend v. Alberta 11). However, this all changed when Vriend
shared with his employers that he was homosexual. Due to the fact Vriend refused to comply with
the request to leave his position because his homosexuality offended the views of his employer, he
was unceremoniously terminated solely on these grounds (Vriend v. Alberta 2). Vriend was
understandably upset with this decision and moved to file a complaint with the Alberta Human
Rights Commission (Vriend v. Alberta 2). Vriend was informed due to the fact sexual orientation
was not included as a prohibited grounds for

Political And Economic Changes During America 1820 ' 1848 '
David Yang
Ms. Kriz
AP US History Block C
21 October 2016
Political and Economic Changes in America 1820 – 1848
Since the creation of the United States Constitution, the many leaders of our nation took different
roles in trying to attain perfectionism for their country. From the federalist views of John Adams to
the democratic views of Jefferson, America was experiencing the endeavor that was being a young
nation in the midst of the 19th century. The emergence of John Quincy Adams in 1820 started an
"Era of Good Feelings" with exceptional political advancements and economic achievements. While
Jackson's democratic views were not always what were expected, during his presidency, the country
grew national and world attraction. Through periods of boom and bust, political and economic
changes in America undeniably helped reshape society between the years 1820 and 1848 with the
emergence of new and innovative advancements.
At the beginning of this time period, in 1820, the United States government was trying to figure out
its identity. Both the Senate and House of Representatives were trying to regulate the executive
office. John Quincy Adams addressed this issue in a personal diary while serving as Secretary of
State to James Monroe, stating "One of the most remarkable features of what I am witnessing every
day is the perpetual struggle in both the House of Congress to control the Executive ー to make it
dependent upon the subservient to them" (Doc 1). Following the Panic

Iraq Military Intelligence Analysis
The Bush administration justified its military invasion of Iraq in 2003 with the practical
considerations of eliminating weapons of mass destruction and their acquisition by terrorist groups,
and the long–term prospects of Middle East peace resulting from the establishment of a functioning
democracy within the region. US leaders began to emphasize arguments regarding the spread of
democracy during the early phases of the occupation when purported links between terrorist
organizations and Iraq's weapons of mass destruction program reflected questionable intelligence
analysis. According to proponents who asserted a democratic domino theory, the example of Iraqi
democracy would ultimately result in a peaceful and secure Middle East as other ... Show more
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Tribe are conflated with ethnic groups (Crone, 1986), used synonymously with biologically–based
primitive societies (Gellner, 1969), as an organizational mid–point along an evolutionary spectrum
bounded by hunter–gatherers at one end and states at the other, or as a territorially–defined political
group with distinct dispute settlement norms (Tapper, 1990). Since tribal societies have diverse
forms of sociopolitical organization (Eickelman, 2002), anthropologists dismiss the ambiguous term
as ill–suited for use within the social sciences (Southall, 1970). Regardless, ideas about tribes,
tribalism, and tribal societies persist as descriptors of ethnicity, citizenship, or political identity.
According to Ibn Khaldun, the tribe is "a self–contained social organization based on lineage and
imbued with autonomy, having social, economic, political, military and cultural functions"
(Khaldun, 1967). This definition captures many of the various meanings associated with the term;
however, Khaldun's inclusion of autonomy hints at an important aspect of tribes in relation to
modern states. Tribes and tribal societies are independent polities that offer an alternative to the state
(Crone, 1986; Gellner, 1969; Hager, 1983), so their autonomy is an important component of their
political power. However, the extension of the modern state within tribal societies resulted in the
loss of tribal

Football Symbolism Essay
With more than a billion watchers yearly, football is the biggest spectator sport on the planet. The
popularity of football is based on the competitive nature of the game and the idea of being a fan. In
addition to cheering for their team, fans inside or outside the stadium have a great deal to express.
Football is seen by many as a stage to express their national personality, political association, ethnic
pride, and religious belongings. This gives Football numerous qualities that make it something
beyond a game to many. The symbolism of football clubs, players, and colors can mean for the fans
a close feeling of having a place and personality. Also they are crystallized by the economic, social
and political settings that surround communities associated with Football. Football all over the
world depends on the masses, for its huge popularity. It is considered to be the game of the crowds.
Football is a game of 12th side (11 players and the fans), which shows the important role of the
football fans. Through football it is quite easy to grab the perception of identity in its ethnic,
religious, and national borders. Archetti (1999) describes Football as a game that captures the notion
of an imagined community perfectly. He suggests that when players are representing a nation, it is
much easier to imagine the nation and confirm to the national identity. Football is seen as a game in
which each team works as much as they can to occupy the territory of the other team by getting the
ball into the goal. This makes the game announce a winner and a loser, not only inside the stadium.
As football depends on the masses it becomes a stage for political activity. In the case of the ultras
which they rely mainly on the jobless youth, in this sense it shows the collective identity and class
struggle. Therefore the ability to channel and influence the ultras is appealing to the governing elite.
Accordingly the political governments sent messages through using the fandom of football. For
example Mubarak meant to associate his name through the national football team by attending
matches in the stadium especially the final match of Africa cup of nations in 2006. In this way the
NDP (National Democratic Party)

The Democratic Party: Oldest Political Parties In The Nation
The Democratic Party is one of the oldest political parties in the nation. During this time many
things began to change, like the social, economic and as well as the political part. It was a time
when President Jackson became the seventh president. "As President Jackson alienated some of his
intimal supporters who would join the opposition to him, but his actions cemented the loyalty of far
more of his initial voters as well as many others" (Michael F. Holt). During this period politics were
trying to change things for the better but it still was hard for some people. White males that were
upper class were only the ones that basically had rights to be able to do anything. But after President
Jackson became president all white males could vote. Things were ... Show more content on
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It still had to take time for things to change and also for time to change before women and black
women and men to be able to do so but this was the first period when things did start to change. In
this time, all whites were not equal but it was changing because of President Jackson. The platform
states, "Our vision is simple. We want an America that gives all Americans the chance to live out
their dreams and achieve their God–given potential. We want an America that is still the world's
strongest force for peace and freedom. And we want an America that is coming together around our
enduring values, instead of drifting apart." (Republicanviews, 2015) One of the strongest beliefs of
the Democratic Party is that of equality on all fronts. President Jackson had changed the way people
saw the things in the 1800's Jackson's election marked a new direction in American politics. During
Jackson's presidency, Jackson himself had served in the American Revolution, its values helped
form his sense of the world. American life had to explore their relationship in the past to help
suggest ways of overcoming their limitations in the

What Does Patriotism Mean To Me
What Patriotism Means to Me
Our world is home to the greatest nations with the proudest citizens. In a dreadful time where wars
are brimming and protection is desperately needed, we gaze at the very men and women standing on
the front lines, faces tight with gratification, expressions brilliantly lit by their bravery. It is often
stated that humans do not recognize the significance of an object or being unless it is taken away
and in some sense, this is true. We laugh and chuckle with loved ones, venture onto journeys and
voyages together, live our impeccable lives unaware of the actions performed miles and miles from
us that create a bubble of defense around us, pushing aside dangers and bringing forth domestic
peace.
Patriotism is not

Multiculturalism In Australia
It is clear that, for a number of reasons, Australia is indeed a lucky country – in fact, one of the most
fortunate nations in the world. There are several advantages that our country has been granted with,
especially in comparison to other countries across the globe. The multiculturalism of the Australian
population must be celebrated, as well as the fact that we are fortunate to have a diverse and
beautiful environment, along with ideal weather all–year round. Australians are also extremely
privileged to live in a democratic country where our rights are respected.
Firstly, we must identify that Australia's multiculturalism has shaped the country in a positive way,
for which we are lucky. Australia is the second most multicultural nation in the world, as the 2016
Census carried out by the Australian Bureau of Statistics revealed that 49 per cent of Australians
were been born overseas, or one or both parents had been born overseas. There is no single culture
or ethnic group that dominates, which means the Australian population consists of minorities, and as
a result, we have learnt to show respect and treat each other as equals. This diversity creates a
cultural environment in Australia that is lively, innovative, energised and optimistic. This notion of
respect and unity draws us back to the original Australian identity of mateship, for which we must
be grateful. The range of cultures and races in Australia is reflected in aspects such as the lifestyle
and cultural

Italian Unification Research Paper
The concept of nationalism made large scale changes in the world. Many were inspired by the idea,
others used it for personal gain, while others used it for the better of their nation as a whole.
Nationalism provided a sense of pride when one thought of their home country, and what they might
do as an individual to protect and make their country a better place to live in. It is a concept that is
able to tie a nation together like no other, but when one's nation is not complete in the middle of the
booming idea of nationalism, that is what drives unification. Unification took place in the two
countries of Germany and Italy because the people that lived in the countries at that time were
watching other countries bloom with pride for their nations ... Show more content on
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In 1850, Prussia stretched from Lithuania to Germany because of it's constant fight for ownership of
smaller territories with Austria. Prussia held Germany's lands on the west side the Rhine River.
During this time, there were a small string of lands between Denmark and Switzerland that
Bismarck needed to occupy for the German Empire to be complete. Therefore he forged an alliance
with Austria to battle Denmark over the territories of Holstein and Schleswig. Austria took Holstein
while Prussia took control of Schleswig. This did not last long because Austria now occupied one
territory that was surrounded by Prussian lands. Prussia defeated the Austrian army after Bismarck
antagonized them over an irrelevant border problem. The treaty gave Holstein to Prussia and
removed Austria from any of Germany's affairs. The only problem that was left in Bismarck's way
was southern provinces that doubted Prussia's ability to unite Germany. Bismarck saw this and used
realpolitik in 1870 by forging a note from the French ambassador, insulting the Prussian king. After
he showed this fake letter to the people, the entire German people rose to fight. In July 1870, France
declared war on Prussia and soon lost the Franco–Prussian War. Another territory, Alsace–Lorraine,
was given to Germany in the

Media Impact On Immigration
Quetext
About FAQ Contact
The topic of immigration has been a focus of controversy throughout the entire international
community. Waves of immigration influx in nations have caused surges in nationalist tendencies
amongst political leaders and citizens alike. Fears of cultural erosion, resource exhaustion, and
economic struggle has shown nations that were once supportive and progressive in their actions
towards the acceptance of immigration have moved inward on themselves to protect themselves
from a culturally diverse world. The reason to review this document is to question and analyze its
attempt to explain and define the growth of nationalism in democratic countries, to be specific the
United Kingdom, and how these surges occur, as well ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the end this document does take a unique approach in showing the extended reach and influence
the media has in shaping the outlooks of citizens on the world and society wither the events
illustrated directly affect the individual or not. The emphasis on how the media is creating a
progressive dilemma through the portrayal of increasing numbers of immigrants into the nation and
the threats this influx has on the cultural stability and longevity of the nation explains how the
citizens of the nation, wither directly affected by immigration or not, move towards a more
protectionist and nationalist state of mind in order to promote the conservation of the nation's ethnic
culture. The act of addressing the problems with public opinion when not provided with all of the
facts, but only certain facts, does show its colors and makes for a strong topic to be discussed and
addressed in further literature due to being only lightly addressed here. Being that the biggest
problem with this paper is the fact that there was such a small and focused group of individuals
polled, and no others, it would be best that future research into this matter should contain a broader
range of data, while still focusing on the central topic of how perceived effects of immigration cause
growth in nationalist and

Creating Regional Unified Modern Borders
C.R.U.M.B. Creating Regional Unified Modern Borders Sponsors: Portugal, Canada, Japan,
Czechoslovakia, Siam, Montenegro, Greece, Romania, Malta, Signatories: New Zealand, South
Africa, Poland, San Marino, Australia, Brazil, Italy, United States Understanding the significance of
the Great War and the irreversible impact of the fighting that arose within Europe and surrounding
regions. Condemning the war crimes committed by all those associated with the origins of the war
and the original perpetrators Recognizing the need for an international cooperation to facilitate the
reestablishment of states and redrawing of borders within inclusions of mandates as this committee
deems fit. Reaffirms to clarify that mandates are understood as "partnerships" 1. Affirms that the
first step in territorial and boundary disputes is through the discrete analysis of the conflicts and the
ethnic identities of people in their respective territories that is facilitated by the following factors: a.
Facilitation & Moderation: The facilitator and moderator will be in the form of an Analysis Board
with indirect vested interests from the current delegations in the Paris Peace Conference that will
allow fair breakdown of the current conflicts existing internationally, as well as, the ethnic identities
of states, while maintaining the equality and unity of all global states, b. Consultation: Each group
of individuals that voices interest in the creation of a new state under will

The Influence Of The Global Democratic Community Of Nations
itself. Security cooperation initiatives undertaken by USNORTHCOM and USSOUTHCOM are
crucial in the development of viable partners. Despite perceptions to the contrary, Latin America
does exercise its military power globally. In World War II, Brazil deployed an infantry division to
the European theater and Mexico deployed a fighter squadron to the Pacific theater. More recently,
El Salvador conducted multiple troop rotations in Iraq, while Uruguay regularly deploys
peacekeeping forces in Africa. Strengthening alliances and military capabilities make it less likely
that a rising power will risk military confrontation with the United States and its allies.
Expanding (and Consolidating) the Global Democratic Community of Nations
The Liberal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Center for Systemic Peace's Polity Project found almost every country that it studied in the
region scored five or more in its democratic scale, with solidly democratic societies such as Costa
Rica, Uruguay, and Chile trending toward the upper ranks. Only Cuba, Haiti, and Venezuela scored
poorly. Likewise, Freedom House graded totalitarian Cuba as the only unfree country in the region.
Regional public opinion surveys point in a similar direction.
This remarkable synergy leads some experts, such as Parag Khanna, to suggest "Elevating South
America to its rightful place as the third pillar of the West alongside Europe and North America".
However, if Khanna's vision of a "third pillar" is to be realized, the United States will need to
alleviate security concerns that plague the region and drain its potential. The region still faces a
number of issues that interfere with its democratic consolidation and potential for global leadership
roles. Because many of these issues are security issues, they are relevant to U.S. national security
planning.
The most recent difficulties have been authoritarian politics, in the face of which liberal synergies
are automatically dismantled; and criminal violence that impedes countries from fully realizing their
potential. The United States has had its share of negative experiences trying to work on the first
challenge, but there are ways

Iran As A Democratic Nation
Iran as a newly democratic nation must face many changes. The characteristics of a democratic
nation include individual rights and freedoms, voting rights, free elections, as well as more gender
equality. These are all elements that will be new for the Iranian people. Along with the changes
presented by a new democracy, Iran must also prepare for the changes present in the 21st century.
The world as a whole is changing as technology and policy increase globalization and the need for
countries to work together. As the world continues to change, so too do the requirements for
success. Iran as a democratic nation needs to be aware of these changes. Huitt (2007) discusses how
success in the Conceptual Age revolves around the ability to ... Show more content on
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Elgin and LeDrew (1997) proposes many changes that are necessary for the current and future
world. Instead of focusing on the individual person or country, the world should be viewed as a
whole and complete entity. Economically there should be fair competition. Individuals should
participate in life in such a way that is fulfilling and exciting, but also working towards a greater and
global good. This is a very different perspective for the Iranian government, but to be successful in
the new age it is a necessary shift in thinking. Two trends for success that are pertinent for the
Iranians are decentralization and an emphasis on personal growth and community. Each of these
trends is essential for a newly developed democratic nation. They are fundamental for success in the
Conceptual Age or Reflective/Living–Systems Paradigm.
Huitt (1999a) first emphasized decentralization in his writings on the Informational Age. According
to Huitt's definition, "decentralization is the process of putting the responsibility and authority for
making decisions into the hands of the people who will be implementing the decision" (p. 2). This
trend is vital for success in a newly democratic Iran. The implementation of democracy depends on
decentralization. The government in Iran must trust the people to make decisions regarding the
government, economy, and religious activities. In the end it is the people in Iran who will implement

The Problem Of A Dichotomy Of Civil And Ethnic Nationalism
Not only economic, but also political realities of global process of democratization of the 1990s of
the 20th century had impact on development of the political analysis of nationalism, having
stabilized a problem of the analysis of a ratio of civil and ethnic nationalism not so much in general–
theoretical, but in a regional direction.
The problem of a dichotomy of civil nationalism (as inherent mainly in countries of Western Europe
and North America) and ethnic nationalism (widespread, according to the standard version, in the
countries of the Central and Eastern Europe) became a subject of scientific discussion.
Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the USA were distinguished as a political
type. Ideas of nation and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the second half of the 1990s, the problem of conceptualization of national identity is
characterized by the shift of emphasis on definition like national identification in the countries of
democratic post–socialist transit. The considerable group of the researchers specializing in the field
of the political analysis of nationalism in post–socialist "New Europe" remained on former positions
and referred to the features of national identity of the countries of this region to ethnic type. It is
possible to determine such prominent experts in nationalism problems in countries of Eastern
Europe as Rogers Brubaker and George Schopflin.
Brubaker puts forward the provision on prevalence in type of national identity of transit
democracies of Eastern Europe and Eurasia of ethno–cultural aspect and lack of necessary
conditions for an interiorization of patterns of civil national identity. R. Brubaker comes to a
conclusion that in these countries, the creation of statehood was preceded by the nationalist
movements, and the state was created in interests of concrete ethno–political group. In this regard,
the researcher believes, in the new democratic countries of Eurasia chances of distribution of
patterns of civil identity are very small. In new democracies, there was an institutionalization of the
ethno–cultural concept of national identity which is distanced from the idea of civic consciousness
and is focused on transfer of social responsibility to structures of the power.
D.

Ethnic and Religious Conflict in Nigeria
Analysis of the challenges of religion and ethnicity on political stability in Nigeria's fourth republic
(1999–2011)
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Basically, Nigeria is a plural society and heterogeneous in virtually all the facet of life. The custom
and tradition of Nigerians is so diverse to the extent that Nigeria as a country is now confronted with
the problem of religion and ethnicity towards their political stability.
The origin and history of ethnic conflict (societal wars and violence) can be traced from eternal
(internal) state rivalry to external (physical). And its root cause is not very far from power
competition and decision making over economic resources and other important human factor, like
position. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This article is focused on the historical incidents of ethnic conflicts in within Nigeria societies, the
cause of the conflicts and perhaps, the government actions towards ethnic conflict in the country. In
conclusion, this paper will explore into decision–making (by the elites and those in authority)
process has contributed immensely in generating the syndromes of conflict in the said state.
The Nigerian political situation has witnessed more breaking of heads, than counting them. In fact,
even when it has been convenient for heads to be counted, the outcome has always been the
breaking of heads instead. Conflict in Nigeria is so intense because of lack of democratic behaviour.
The head of the individual in the democratic context signifies citizenship. So when heads are broken
in the Nigerian political community, the issue in respect of broken heads is citizenship. If conflict in
Nigeria means the absence of democratic behaviour, it follows, therefore, that conflict in Nigeria is
interwoven with the absence of democratic governance. Gurr (2000): has also shown that the
incidence of conflicts at the global level declined in recent years with the deepening of
democratisation. Nation–states where conflicts persist are those where what obtains is the
democratisation of disempowerment (Ake 1996). Beyond the veneer of elections, the state remains
ambushed, privatised, repressive and unpopular. The people who were tantalised by the

Immigrant Contribution
The 2 exerts, A Quilt of a Country and The Immigrant Contribution are total opposites but have to
same meaning behind them. A Quilt of a Country focuses more on the places immigrants come from
and how they all make American culture. Although "The Immigrant Contribution" focuses more on
what immigrants brought to the U.S., and how it changed our country. But together they have a
totally different meaning behind them, that no matter where we come from, what we look like, or
how important our contributions are we are all American. "In the area of religion, all the major
American faiths were brought to this country from abroad."(Kennedy26). All of our ancestors have
come from some place other than North America, with so many differents ways of

Donald Trump's Essay: The Isolation Of America
The isolation of America in relation to other nations will handicap the citizens of our country;
however, President Donald Trump suggests this isolation would "make America great again". Trump
first supports this idea by informing the American people what has taken place in this country due to
our interventions in other nations. He notes that "for many decades, we've enriched foreign industry
at the expense of American industry; subsidized the armies of other countries while allowing for the
very sad depletion of our military ; we've defended other nation's borders while refusing to defend
our own; and spent trillions of dollars overseas while America's infrastructure has fallen into
disrepair and decay". He continues,"we've made other countries ... Show more content on
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One of the greatest advantages of this country is the fact that we are a democratic nation. We, as the
American people have the luxury to have a voice and the opportunity to unite for numerous reasons,
one being to chose who governs our state. A healthy and effecient Democracy is when people
organize for a joint purpose. Alexis De Tocqueville supports this in his selection of Democracy of
America, "but among democratic peoples all the citizens are independent and weak [...] they would
all therefore find themselves helpless if they did not learn to help each other voluntarily" (Davis &
Lynn p. 57). In relation to President Trump's inaguaral address, he identifies the power of our
Democracy suggesting "we must speak our minds openly, debate our dissagreements honestly, but
always pursue solidarity. When America is united, America is totally unstoppable". Americans
ability to unite in a civilized manner promotes a supreme country. This is the admirable aspect of
America's Democracy; however, concerns with Democracy in America can arise when the chosen
leadership creates moral conflict among the people. A part of Trump's speech reflects such conflict
when he says, "we will reiforce old alliances and form new ones––and unite the civilized world
against radical Islamic terrorism, which we will eradicate completely from the face of the Earth". He
is foreshadowing a war that is not neccessarily in the best interest of mankind and is using the unity
of America to implement such warfare. Though, Tocquville defnitely mentioned in Davis and Lynn
how "In democratic countries only the governing power is naturally in a position so to act, but it is
easy to see that its action is always inadequate and often dangerous" (p. 56). It is fair to say
Democracy is a beautiful priviledge in a sense that it allows

The Impact Of Historic Events On The Social Environment...
identity can change over time in a society with the effects of historic events, changes in the social
environment and the active participation of the people to create new social constructs and
institutions. In order for nationalism to even start several prerequisites had to be met. These were the
creation of a print system for books to be created. These books would spread the ideas of
nationalism, the enlightenment and other philosophical movements across the world. Next is the
capitalist system which would naturally seek to reach a larger audience and thus a larger profit
margin which lead to the development of the vernacular print. Print in vernacular allowed for
regular people to read the ideas printed in the books and understand them, which ultimately spread
the ideas and values of these cognitive revolutions to the common man. These changes to written
language changed its role forever. In the past, written language was reserved specifically for the
political, intellectual, or religious elite. The religious elite especially relied on the control of the
written word to control and influence the thoughts of the masses, and this was true for most, if not
all religions across the world. A consequence of written language being used by the common people
to spread the ideas of the enlightenment allowed for the dismantlement of the concept of rule by
divine right. The spread of rationalism in turn encouraged the use of rational discourse amongst the
common people,

Essay on The Struggle Towards a Democratic Nation
The Struggle Towards a Democratic Nation Education Position Paper
The Struggle Towards a Democratic Nation Imperialism of one sort or another has been occurring
for centuries around the world. In the U.S. a specific form of imperialism is in full effect but is less
noticeable than the normative physical imperialism. Linguistic imperialism occurs when a dominant
group imposes their language on another, and within the United States this imperialism has been
occurring through English. English is the language set up by the American society to be the
dominant official language. America is supposed to be the melting pot of different languages and
cultures but there is a specific connection between English speakers and dominance over ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This soon led the white population ".... to justify the exclusion from full participation in their
sanctioned community those who were not like them, whether because of religious, national, or
racial differences" (Babb 58). Early writers like William Bradford used words like savage and
brutish to describe the Native Americans (Babb 61). In calling them savage and brutish he exudes
the sentiment that the people he is writing this for (white colonials) are non–savage and non–brutish.
Another example is Cotton Mather's The Negro Christianized. In this book he argues that while it is
very important for slaves to be baptized it is equally important to maintain social order by baptizing
them into subservience (Babb 65). The Life and Captivity of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson is an example
of the captivity narrative, which was also a very influential genre. In telling how she was captured
by Native Americans she never recognizes them as human beings only describes them as savages,
heathen and "hell–hounds". These literary examples are among many that create a hierarchy
privileging the white English–speaking people, and they set the stage for linguistic imperialism in
the United States.
In the United States and around the world language

The Pressure Of The Canadian Nation
The pressure placed upon multicultural often leads to questioning of its value and usefulness in
building the Canadian nation. there have been far too many questionable call of ethics on behalf of
the government in regardless to who has taken, or not been able to take up for role in the country.
Historically we see this negative connotation follow distinct groups of people. Notably: Aboriginal
with residential schools (thought interesting because they are now seen as founding peoples, yet the
last residential school was only closed in the early 90s), the Chinese head tax, Japanese intermittent
camps, the turning away of Jewish individuals during WWII. It becomes difficult to see how some
of those "marginalized or minority" groups in Canada are able to find themselves, even today, in an
inclusive, equal and democratic society when multiculturalism in public discourse often hold onto
old or stereotypical understandings. It continues to act as an ongoing point of contention because of
the lack of historical knowledge Canadians have, as well as the increasing lack of engagement day–
to–day contemporary politics and national happenings. It acts as an ignorance, that ultimately has
consequences on the nations moral as well as its multicultural policies. In order to progress as a
society and nation, it becomes increasingly difficult to build the foundation on old understandings
and not re–contextualize group and national identities in a 21st century context (Leung 1–2). Leung
notes

White Nationalism Is Un-American
White Nationalism Is Un–American
White nationalism is an umbrella term to describe the ideology that calls for the creation of an all
white "ethnostate" in America. Mainly, this is to be achieved by the deportation and genocides of
non–whites. White nationalists claim that the "white–genocide," or the cultural dilution of
Americans of European descent, is occurring to the detriment of this country, by allowing
immigration from other parts of the world the United States is only weakening it's economy and
degridating the moral fabric of its society. Despite nativist claims that they are "real Americans," the
ideology of white nationalists cannot be called American due to its anti–American roots in
philosophies that opposes the ideals of this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Aside from the fact that it juxtaposes American principals just as much as fascism does nazism is
uniquely German because it was formed in and around pivotal moments in German history, events
which never occurred in the United States. The United States didn't lose the first world war, didn't
even fight the entirety of the war, and while the great depression was a horrible event in our history
the US didn't face anywhere near the same hardships as Germany. While anti–Semitism isn't
uniquely German and definitely holds its place in American history that isn't enough to justify a
political ideology that was created around the ultranationalism of a country whose history and
culture are or were completely different from that of the United States of

Comparing Nationalism and Scottish Enlightenment

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