Criminal Prosecution And The Judicial Process

Criminal Prosecution And The Judicial Process
Criminal prosecution develops through various stages in the judicial process beginning with the arrest of an individual and ending at a point before,
during, or after a trial. The criminal procedure is based on the constitutional laws, statues, and court rulings that are meant to render justice in a criminal
case. The government must follow these procedures during the entirety of a criminal case. Beginning with the initial investigation of an individual
suspected of a crime, through the arrest, jailing, arraignment, and thereafter. Although they must act within the boundaries of the law and protect an
individual 's right to the 4th amendment of the constitution, police officers are allowed to conduct investigations, perform search and seizures, and
arrest individuals that are suspected of a crime. Police officers do not need justification to stop someone and question them, but in order to search an
individual a police officer must have probable cause. In order to make an arrest, the officer must either observe an individual committing a crime,
have probable cause that a crime has been committed by that person, or have a valid arrest warrant. There is no scale to measure what probable cause
is, so at the time of arrest, this is completely at the officer's discretion. This can cause officers to subdue the wrong individuals or make faulty
decisions. Judges have the final say on what constitutes probable cause, and police officers must be able to ultimately justify their
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The Nuremberg Trial Of Adolf Hitler
One of the darkest times in world history is World War 2. Where the Nazi German Party and Adolf Hitler planned and executed the extermination of
the Jewish, Gypsy and Homosexual race. With the help of the Allied powers, the United States, Great Britain, France and the USSR, we were able to
put a stop to Hitler's regime and put an end to the mass genocide created by him. Now this deed did not go unpunished. After the war ended with the
suicide of Adolf Hitler, the 24 high ranking officers of the Nazi Party that were still alive and some 200 other members were to stand trial for their
actions. These trials that they were put under are known today as the Nuremberg Trials.
The first trial that occurred took place in Nuremberg Germany, thus giving

Factors That Influence The Criminal Trial Process
The criminal trial process is an aspect of the legal system that aims to exercise the court hierarchy and jurisdiction. The Criminal trial's aim is to
achieve justice however it fails to balance the rights of victims and defendants as well as exercise legal mechanisms to achieve justice, as the legal
system aims to achieve justice through the trial process, however its effectiveness is influenced and reduced by certain factors this as justice is based
on equality and fairness, thus why the lack of legal representation, legal aid and the jury system are factors that substantially influence the criminal trial
process in achieving justice. due to such flaw the criminal trial process fails to recognise the rights of individuals as well as the upholding justice for
victims due to the lack of balancing legal mechanisms to achieve justice.
The adversarial system plays a vital role in the Criminal Trial Process. It is a system known for achieving justice as it allows each party the equal
opportunity to present its case, this decreases the bias ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It achieves fairness as it entitles individuals of either party to defend themselves with a legal representative. In the Australian Legal system, a
defendant has a right to a fair trial. In 1979, the New South Wales Government created the Legal Aid Commission, under the Legal Aid Commission
Act 1979 (NSW). The commission provides legal assistance and representation to individuals who are socially and financially distraught to guarantee
that they have equitable access to the law. It plans to shield individuals' rights in the legal system and to enhance their access to equity, thus showing
how the criminal trial process aims to achieve justice as most individuals of either party are provided with legal aid, providing accessibility for society,
by entitling them to legal

Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial Research Paper
My topic will be focusing on the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trials; which was one of the major trials that attempted to prosecute Nazi perpetrators in
Germany after the Holocaust. It was also significant for focusing exclusively on crimes that were part of the Holocaust, rather than war crimes. The
Holocaust was the systematic persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. As the largest and most extensive
trial in postwar Germany, the Frankfurt Auschwitz Trial was an important step in drawing public attention to the crimes committed by Hitler and his
Nazi soldiers, as well as to thousands of survivor testimonies describing the torture, starvation and murder that the millions of Jewish people endured
during this devastating period in Germany.
Narrowing Focus: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The trial attracted a lot of public recognition in Germany, but considered Fritz Bauer; who played a significant role as a Judge and prosecutor on the
trails, was quoted to say that the trials in a macro–scale was a failure. Only 22 SS members were charged, with an estimate of 6,000 to 8,000 who were
thought to have been involved in the administration and operation of the camp. Six officials received life sentences, and many others were given long
sentences. However, several were given on average 3–7 years and it is documented that four were acquitted and released. It was the first time
individuals responsible for the Nazi's methods of exterminating Jews and people of other minorities were brought before national courts in Germany.
In my focus, I would also like to show emphasis on the 360 witnesses who were called to testify, of which 210 were survivors of the Holocaust and the
Hitler

Transient Cardiac Response Paper
The electrocardiogram was recorded using an eMotion Faros device (Mega Electronics Ltd, sampling rate 1000 Hz), using Ag–AgCl electrodes and a
standard limb lead II electrode configuration. Interbeat intervals were derived using QRS complex detection based on Hilbert transformation.
Following Lackner et al. (2013) and Papousek et al. (2013), after artifact correction, interbeat intervals were resampled with 4 Hz using piecewise
cubic spline interpolation in order to obtain the transient cardiac responses to the cartoons. Data from 0.5 s before the presentation of the cartoon and
until 6 s after the presentation were analyzed. Changes in the transient cardiac response were calculated relative to the mean of the 0.5 s time frame
before the presentation of the cartoon. Next, the relative changes in the transient heart rate were averaged for each participant across all trials of all
blocks for the cartoon and control... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This resulted in 13 points of time for the cartoon and control trials, respectively. Secondly, for gaining the immediate response to the detection of the
punch line, relative transient cardiac changes occurring during the 0.5 s before the comprehension rating compared to the mean of the 0.5 s before
the cartoon presentation were calculated. This calculation was done for each participant based on their average response latency to the
comprehension rating in the cartoon and control trials, respectively. Thirdly, for obtaining the precise location of the point of time a sampling rate of
8 Hz was used for the relative transient cardiac values. Additionally, due to likely differences in the response latencies across the trials, data from the
same 0.5 s time frame were used to calculate the respective scores for the cartoon and control

The Trial, By Franz Kafka
The United States of America, is well known for its many aspects. Perhaps for the ways its governed, its power, and most importantly its laws. The
Declaration of Independence, Constitution of the United States, and the Bill of Rights are the most important documents (respectively) and the
laws that America follows. No other country in the world is like America, those three unique documents are what sets America apart from any
other. In the novel The Trial, by Franz Kafka, it shows how important those three documents are for an individual, and in this case how important
they can be in a trial. This novel is based around Josef K. who is accused of something and is eventually sent to trial, the best document to show
how important law's can be, based on this novel is the Bill of Rights. If one applies the Bill of Rights to this novel, we could see how important
and fair they are to an individual. Early on we are told how two policemen are keeping Josef K. trapped in his room, they walked in there without
his consent nor a warrant. One of the officers tells Josef, "just what sort of person it is they're going to arrest, and why he should be arrested, before
they issue the warrant" (13) the point of a warrant is to enter or search once they obtain one. If they obtained the warrant after searching, it would be
illegal and everything they find would be dismissed in court. No court or judge would accept any evidence under those circumstances. Obtaining a
warrant before hand is very

Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-Discrimination...
The Fifth Amendment protects against self–incrimination, meaning that no one can be a witness against him or herself (Cornell University Law
School, n.d.). This simply means that the individual's statements cannot be used against him or herself within a trial. This amendment not only protects
the defendant, but it also prevents the use of coerced statements. In fact, any statements that are the result of coercion or torture are prohibited and will
not be used in court. As a result, since the application of this law, the police have cut down on obtaining evidence in violation of the constitution and
individual rights (Ingram, 2009).
The privilege against self–incrimination benefits only the individual, it does not apply to corporations or businesses. Furthermore, the privilege can
only be used by the person who asserts it, that being said, another individual cannot assert the privilege on behalf of another person (Ingram, 2009).
One important thing to be aware of is the fact that this privilege is not applicable outside of the United States. Therefore, this right will not be upheld. ...
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This is due to the fact that in the beginning this amendment was interpreted to only apply to federal trials, which left the states with no protections.
However, now this amendment applies to a number of situations. The situations in which this amendment privilege is applicable is when an officer
asks questions of an individual, whether that individual is in police custody does not matter (Ingram, 2009). An individual can also exercise their Fifth
Amendment right when they are called as a witness because at times a witnesses' statements can be incriminating. In these instances, an individual can
refuse to answer any questions that may result in

Salem Witch Trials Research Paper
The Salem Witch Trials involved many individuals that were accused of witchery. There were not extensive methods of execution involved in these
trials and many accused of witchery had very similar life situations and circumstances. Through history, including the Salem Witch Trials, it was very
common for women to be the majority of accused witches and more so if they were middle aged. If a woman had a fiery or stubborn reputation this
could also have been seen as a link to the Devil and witchcraft. It was more than likely if someone had been accused of petty crimes such as theft,
treason or witchcraft that you would have been accused at some time throughout Salem's trials. There were many things that could have caused an
individual to be prosecuted. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their religious and personal views were reflected in the events that occured in this time. At the time of the trials, the Governor of Salem was Sir
William Phips. Phips was appointed as the governor of Colonial Salem by the King. In early 1692, Phips set up a criminal jurisdiction in the town,
The Court of Oyer and Terminer. This jurisdiction was started to deal with the influx of accusations of the crime of witchcraft. Phips appointed
judges to this criminal court, some of which had little to no legal knowledge which highlights the religious bias that would have been apparent in
the cases and outcomes of this court. As accusations spiralled, even his own wife was accused. He then ordered that speculation and testimony
would no longer be adequate evidence to convict individuals and 3 weeks later, around October of 1692 Phips prohibited the further arrest of
witches. By May 1693, all witches in gaol were pardoned. Some judges appointed to the criminal jurisdiction of the Court of Oyer and Terminer were
John Hathorne and Samuel Sewall. Hathorne believed in the harsh powers of the Devil and his influence over vulnerable individuals in Salem's
society. Hathorne ordered the execution of witches Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne and Tituba. Hathorne was very religious in his judicial outcomes and
could be seen as extremely bias in modern

Drug Trials Problem
When thinking of people who take advantage of the drug industry for monetary reasons, what generally comes to mind is either people who deal
illegal drugs or big businesses who charge exorbitant amounts of money for their products. There is a third type of person who participates in
enough paid drug trials to make a living. Making a job out of paid participation for drug trials touches on profit, progress, and problems. However, I
am going to focus on mainly the problems. When individuals try to participate in enough paid clinical drug trials to make a job out of it, a number of
problems result for both the individuals and the study. It is often people with minimal skills or those in non–lucrative job markets that turn to paid drug
trials.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Take Elliott Sharp again for example, His pro–tip for people interested in participating in tobacco research is to always say you smoke name brand
cigarettes and when asked how many cigarettes you smoke a day "pick a number, any number, greater than ten" (Sharp, 2012). Even he realizes and
states in his article that this type of lying can skew data. Researchers should be looking for those outliers is his defense (Sharp, 2012). What he
doesn't seem to say is that if everyone takes his advice and a trial ends up loaded with people who lied about their health or lifestyle, those liars are no
longer a few outliers. Studies can end up wasting their money on inconclusive results or result in inaccurate findings. While this may not seem like a
big issues in the field of tobacco research, imagine if this philosophy crossed over into research dealing with life threatening health implications, these
little lies on the front end of trials could cause serious issues for

Competency Should Not Be Legal
In the United States our legal system makes it a priority that every individual is given a fair trial and that their due process is never violated. Issues
such as competency can affect the course of a trial and make a trial more difficult to get through. Competency can extend a trial and make it more
complex. It is the job of a mental health professional to assess competency and deliver their findings to the judge for further action. Competency is a
very large part of our judicial system because without it, an individual cannot have a fair trial.
As defined by Cornell Law, mental incompetency is an individual who is mentally incompetent because of injury or disease; they lack the mental
capacity to contract or to manage his or her own affairs, including disbursement of funds without limitation (Cornell Law, n.d.). In order to determine an
individual's mental incompetence, an evaluation by a mental health professional must take place. Throughout the course of legal proceedings
competency is very important. Without competency, proceedings cannot continue, because without competency,due process would be violated. In the
legal system competency can be part of waiving Miranda, competency to stand trial, waiving counsel (proceed pro se), being sentenced and being
executed. Many court cases have raised the issue of competency throughout history and changed the way that we conduct our legal system, to this day.
Competency to Waive Miranda
In 1936 the U.S. Supreme Court, ruled that

Adolf Eichmann And Human Rights
Human rights are a complex notion, that theoretically should be afforded to every human being on the planet. However, despite the notion of human
rights for all, widespread human rights violations have still occurred throughout human history. The Holocaust is a specific historical example of how
human rights violations can be widespread, and systematic. The Holocaust was the mass genocide of the Jewish community during the second world
war (O'Byrne, 2003). However, while the human rights violations that occurred during the Holocaust were heinous and villainous, the international
response towards the perpetrators of the Holocaust, also proposed important questions regarding human rights. The specific trial that raised human
rights concerns, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By critically examining Eichmann's trial, it is clear that the criminal proceeding was facilitated in a way that did not ensure Eichmann's basic
human right, to a trial free of bias and subjectivity. One of the major flaws in Eichmann's trial was the trial being held in Israel, as opposed to
Germany, where the crimes were actually committed. As outlined in the Jasper reading, holding the trial in Israel, was a strategic and political
decision (Jaspers, 2006). As was discussed in lecture, the choice to hold the trial in Israel, was made to fuel the opinion that Israel was the land where
the Jewish community was safe, despite Israel's complicity in the horrendous actions that were committed during the Holocaust (Tasson: Course Slides
(W6)). The choice to hold the trial in Israel was an unfair decision, that was made to promote Israel's pro–Jewish perception, and put the metaphorical
stake in Eichmann's coffin (Tasson: Course Slides (W6)). The right to a fair criminal proceeding is a human right that should be afforded to all human
beings, despite the crimes they have committed. Holding a criminal trial in a nation unrelated to the crime, is a human rights violations, due to the
basic fact that the facilitation of the trial is being used to further the nation's interest, as opposed to fairly prosecuting the individual (Tasson: Course

The Constant Gardner And The Commentary By Sonia Shah
The movie the Constant Gardner and the commentary by Sonia Shah bring forward many moral principles that could be argued. The movie and the
commentary bring to light the ethical and moral dilemmas pertaining to drug trials and the capitalist interests that create the moral dilemmas. I
propose to argue only the moral principle that greed should dictate one's actions with regards to the testing the effectiveness of new drugs. In theory
the goal of doctors practicing medicine is to heal people. In theory the goal of the pharmaceutical industry should be creating drugs to cure diseases
not creating wealth. When was the last time that a disease was actually cured, versus having to take medicine every day? It appears that
pharmaceutical companies are motivated solely by profit and getting their new drugs to market rather than actually curing diseases. It appears that the
primary motivation is profit and the secondary motivation is curing diseases. There is a rush to get new drugs to market purely for profit rather than
perfect them to actually serve the purpose that they were created for, which is to cure diseases.
With the testing of new drugs, there must be drug trials to determine the effectiveness of the new drug, which brings to light a second moral issue
which questions if drug trials are moved out of affluent nations to third world countries due to the expendability of the citizens living in there. I do not
plan to argue the second moral issue, but I do believe

The Effect Of High Skin Temperature On An Individual 's...
Introduction
When an individual takes part in long periods of intense exercise, their performance decreases and they can become tired over time. However, there is
still so much research understanding the cause of this. The experiment conducted by Hettinga et al discusses the idea that an individuals output can be
influenced by hot temperatures leading to fatigue and exhaustion. This experiment also explored the idea that an individuals increase in skin blood
flow could also explain individuals decrease in their performance [2]. Many others have explored this idea in cycling and the effects that cycling
intensity can have on an individual's performance. One study described and explored the idea that high skin temperature can cause a decrease in
exercise intensity. The idea stated that an individuals power out put is linked to an individual's core body temperature. If an individual's power out put
decreases, their body temperature rises [2].
There are many factors which can be seen or measured when an individual participates in intense activity. This can include heart rate, core body
temperature, skin temperature, blood flow, power out put and fatigue. These factors contribute to understanding why we become tired after intense
exercise and many individuals who perform in intense exercise can become hyper–thermic; increase in an individual's body temperature. When an
individual becomes hyper–thermic, they become tired, muscular motion weakens and there could be a large

Kansas City Trial Lawyer Case Study
Many individuals, when charged with a DUI, turn to a Criminal Defense Lawyer when, in fact, they need a Trial Lawyer. Often, the accused looks at
the attorney and his or her appearance to determine if they are successful in their industry, yet these material items shouldn't factor in to a person's
decision. Anyone can purchase a luxury vehicle, a Rolex or an custom made Italian suit if they have money. This doesn't necessarily mean they have the
skills the defendant needs in the courtroom. Individuals need to understand this distinction and look at an attorney's background and experience before
making their selection.
Although it is true a person should hire a Kansas City Criminal Lawyer in this situation, not every attorney who claims to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In many cases, it is best to plead guilty and a trial lawyer will explain why. Doing so may lead to a reduced sentence, and the risk and benefits of
each option need to be weighed. A trial attorney is best equipped to evaluate the case, its strengths and weaknesses and the strength of the state's case
before making a recommendation to the client. Likewise, the attorney with trial experience works at each stage of the process, from the pretrial
preparation through to the filing of motions to attack any evidence the state has gathered. In certain cases, these actions lead to a dismissal of the

Change Blindness Essay
A cross–cultural investigation into change blindness.
Abstract
Cross–cultural differences in change–blindness has been a topic of interest to psychologists in recent times. The literature shows a trend in perception
that Eastern individuals note more details of the background whereas Western individuals tend to focus more on central objects. The change–blindness
phenomenon also follows this trend in the literature with Eastern individuals being more observant of background changes and Western individuals
being more observant of foreground changes. In this study, the participants took part in a change–blindness task that included both foreground and
background trials. A repeated measures ANOVA was conducted on the results and it was found that there was a significant difference in accuracy
scores between Chinese and English participants. Post–Hoc analysis concluded that Chinese participants were significantly better at the background
trial and that English participants were significantly better at the foreground trial.
Introduction
Cross–cultural differences in perception have been researched in psychology for many years. This type of research in perception enables psychologists
to determine to what extent perception is controlled by the nervous system, and is thus universal, and to what extent perception is influenced by
environmental factors and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is hypothesised that (1) English participants will be more accurate in detecting foreground changes whereas Chinese participants will be more
accurate in detecting background changes and that (2) English participants will have higher reaction times to foreground changes whereas Chinese
participants will have higher reaction times to background changes. The null hypothesis is that there will be no significant difference between Chinese
and English participants in accuracy or reaction times, any difference will be due to

A Short Note On The And Non Tasters
Abstract:
Phenylthiocarbamide, sometimes also refers to as PTC, is an organic compound that permits individuals to distinguish their level of acidic taste. Not
everyone can taste it, and the individuals who can are called "tasters" while the individuals who can 't are "non–tasters". Towards the start of the
investigation a PTC paper of 0.003mg fixation was given to a population of 23 participants with a specific end goal to shape two unique gatherings:
PTC tasters and non–tasters. This investigation required a total of two trials. In which, every participant started by rinsing their mouths with water and
afterward asked to begin tasting the PTC paper. At the same time, they were given a scale from 0–5 in order to distinguish the intensity ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Introduction:
The human body has various sorts of qualities that control the capacity to taste substances experienced on a regular basis. PTC is a compound powder
that perceives the intensity of acidity taste for some individuals, however not all individuals can taste it (Hoffman HJ, etc., 1998). The vicinity of the
TAS2R receptor on the tongue situated in chromosome 7 denotes the capacity to taste PTC (Kim & Drayna, 2004). The most popular well–known
strategies to taste PTC is a piece of paper that it is place on people 's tongue, and individuals who can 't taste the bitterness of the PTC paper are called
"non–tasters", while the individuals who can are called "tasters"(Lawless, H. 1980).Through various studies it has been found that 15%–30% of
individuals are non–tasters of PTC; however it has likewise been found that age, race, and sex assume a major part in who tastes and don 't taste PTC
(Lawless, H. 1980). Sexual orientation has had an extremely intriguing relationship between PTC taster and non–tasters as it has been seen that women
are more likely to PTC than men (Merritt, R, etc., 2008).
FIGURE 1.1: This image shows how the linkage of smell and taste in the human body brain is and does it work.
While a great majority of people are dominant in this trait, there are some that can't not taste the acidity that PTC gives (Wooding, S., 2006). It is said
that the individuals who can 't taste PTC have acquired a Mendelian

Pros And Cons Of Texas Capital Punishment
Texas Capital Punishment is not as reasonable as one might assume. It is not reasonable since there have been many innocent individuals who have
been executed. One might wonder how an innocent individual is given Capital Punishment, and through out the Trial he or she is found guilty and hurl
for execution. Many facing Capital Punishment are underprivileged individuals who cannot afford a private lawyer, in which he or she relies on the
State of Texas to appoint an attorney for them (Byrd & Price, 2008). Much of the time, the appointed lawyers are overloaded with cases, don't have
time to review the case before trial, and don't have trial experience required for a capital punishment case (Byrd & Price, 2008). According to the Death
penalty ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
White was shocked to hear that his execution date was drawing closer because White thought that he was in appeal process. Stevenson petition both the
U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit and the U.S. Supreme Court to delay White's execution because his former attorney missed appeals and
the failed to procedures (Death Penalty Information Center, 2015). Mr. White's case is an example how important an adequate representation in a
capital punishment trial is to the defendant's

The Devil's Shadow Plot
Time Setting: The Devil's Shadow by Clifford Lindsey Alderman occurred in the late seventeenth century from 1692–1693. This is the time period that
the Salem Witch Trials occurred. The principle plot of the story rested on the occasions paving the way to the Salem Witch Trials, the trials themselves,
and the consequence of the trials. Point by point records of witch executions, the real trials, and the occasions that created the trials were examined in
the story.
Spot Setting: Most of the move in this story made place in Salem, Massachusetts. This was the origin of the witchcraft craziness and it was additionally
the genuine site of the Salem Witch Trials. The town of Salem, Massachusetts in the late seventeenth century was a little puritan... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This occasion fit into the story in light of the fact that it set off the witchcraft madness that tailed it. Numerous individuals abruptly got to be charged
after the young ladies got to be connected with Tituba and witchcraft. This occasion gave a decent delineation of life in the late seventeenth century by
demonstrating how neurotic individuals were about the vicinity of witchcraft in their general public. They were prepared to accept that individuals
were witches suddenly, and as a result of this, they unreasonably blamed and killed hundreds for individuals. This can be seen as the beginning stage of
the witchcraft madness in Salem that executed such a large number of

The Legal System Of The Law
The law is worldwide; it affects almost every aspect of our everyday lives and also has an impact on every individual. There are many types of
laws such as laws that deal with crimes and laws that govern activities within the community; there are also specific laws in certain portions of the
legal system. Laws are made in order to give us rules of conduct that protect everyone's individual rights (Canada Department of Justice). How law
is dealt with is seen to vary throughout different countries for the reason that each country contains different laws that are based to fit their
culture and customs. However, when law is dealt with, regardless of the area it is enforced in; if the crime of the accused is serious enough it will
go through a trial system which is also seen to vary depending on the country. A trial system is the process of examining a case in the court of law
and deciding if an individual is innocent or guilty of what they are being accused for (Macmillan dictionary). Trial systems are an important part of
the legal system for the reason that everyone is entitled to the right of a fair trial procedure which allows the individual that is being accused to be
determined innocent or guilty through the rule of law so that if the individual is in fact innocent then there will be no consequences and all will be
forgotten and if guilty they will be dealt with properly. Trials are held accordingly depending on the trial system that is being used in that particular court

Salem Witch Trials Research Paper
In 1692, a series of accusations of witchcraft took place in Salem, Massachusetts. Over the course of the six month hysteria, roughly 150 residents of
Salem were accused of witchcraft, twenty of whom were put to death. This period has come to be known as the Salem Witch Trials. The Salem Witch
Trials began when two young girls in Salem began to act strangely; they would often slip into transes, murmur strange phrases, and their bodies would
become convoluted via spasms and seizure–like fits. Reverend Parris, the minister of Salem Village at the time of the trials, proposed witchcraft as an
explanation for the girls' symptoms. A local doctor's diagnosis confirmed these suspicions, and shortly thereafter, several other girls in the village

Felony Research Paper
An individual may be arrested for a felony or a misdemeanor. Felonies are more serious crimes and can lead to jail time, large fines, or prison
sentences. There are several categories of felonies, the highest of which is a capital murder charge, and can result in the death penalty or a lifelong
prison sentence without parole. In some cases, felony charges may be punished with probation. Probation helps to relieve the prison system from
overcrowding, and allows criminals to be reformed within their community.
After an arrest for a felony, a person is then arraigned by a judge. At this time, the individual is explained why they were charged with thecrime. This is
also the point at which a bail is set. Bail is the amount of money an accused

Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments to the Constitution Essay
CJL 4064 Amendment Project As requested by the committee chair, I have examined the 4th, 5th, and 6th Amendments of our Constitution. It is
imperative for the participants of the Constitutional Convention to update, and furthermore, enhance the Bill of Rights. The amendments were created
with a valuable perspective on individual rights in the 1700's. Today, in 2010, our country has developed in the use of language, our principles, and our
overall society. After close examination of the amendments, it has come to my attention that they no longer read to today's society. Essentially, I would
like to continue the amendments using the same guidelines our forefathers used centuries ago, but include new aspects updating the... Show more
Since the government is based on the framework of law, it is only fair for those that are going to have their personal property entered be given the
opportunity to have legal council. This acts as a protection against any police interrogation as the premises is being searched. In the past, this was not
necessary in the 4th Amendment because people felt the law never crossed the line. However, in today's society, we find that this happens frequently.
To protect the rights of a possible suspect, it is in their best interest to have council present while having their premises searched. In specific to the 5th
amendment, changes were made due to technological advances in our society. There has been much advancement in science, including that of DNA
testing. There is an entire investigation team that works solely on gathering information after a crime is committed and use the information to help
bring scientific answers to the courtroom. With this information, it can help the lawyer either prove innocence or guilt in a defendant. This was not an
option when the amendments were first written. Crime investigators are a very important addition to criminal prosecution. Science will continue to
advance in this field, and with that, it will bring more conclusive information. It is also necessary to specify in regards to

Individual Liberty Versus Majoritarian Democracy in...
Individual Liberty Versus Majoritarian Democracy in Edward Larson's Summer For the Gods
The Scopes trial, writes Edward Larson, to most Americans embodies "the timeless debate over science and religion." (265) Written by historians,
judges, and playwrights, the history of the Scopes trial has caused Americans to perceive "the relationship between science and religion in . . . simple
terms: either Darwin or the Bible was true." (265) The road to the trial began when Tennessee passed the Butler Act in 1925 banning the teaching of
evolution in secondary schools. It was only a matter of time before a young biology teacher, John T. Scopes, prompted by the ACLU tested the law.
Spectators and newspapermen came from allover to witness ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Through exploring Bryan, Larson exposes the majoritarian democratic ideology underlying the veneer of religion that has since characterized the trial
Next Larson explores the role the ACLU played in the Scopes Trial. They saw the Scopes trial as a means to advance the rights of laborers and
academic freedom using the First Amendment. Clarence Darrow, when he heard that William Jennings Bryan would be prosecuting the trial, eagerly
joined the ACLU defense team. Darrow claimed that he was fighting for individual rights but he was also obsessed in his determination to overturn the
fundamentalist adherence to creationism. Larson delves deep into the internal documents of the ACLU to reveal how difficult it was to control Darrow
and keep the case centered on a test of the law, not creationism. By revealing the ACLU's agenda, Larson effectively shows that the Scopes trial was a
battle between the concept of majority rule and individual rights.
Larson suggests that the burgeoning fight for rights arose from a gradual ideological shift to modernism. It was already under way before the Scopes
trial even in rural areas. Bryan and his fundamentalist backers had trouble finding expert witnesses that could discredit evolution. Tennessee Governor
Peay, even though he supported the Butler Act, founded Tennessee's public schools based on modern education theory.(58) Even the fundamentalist
spectators of Dayton shouted their approval to allow scientific expert

What Were The Salem Witch Trials
What Were the Salem Witch Trials and What Were its Aftermaths? START OF WITCHCRAFT HYSTERIAA considerable lot of the American
settlers carried with them, from Europe, a faith in witches and the devil. Amid the seventeenth century, individuals were often executed for being
witches and worshiper of Satan. The Puritan town of Salem was home to where many executions of witches took place, more commonly known as
the Salem witch trials. A scandalous scene in American history, the Salem witch trials of 1692 brought about the execution by hanging of fourteen
ladies and five men blamed for being witches. The mass hysteria of witchcraft came to be when nine year old Betty Parris and eleven year old
Abigail Williams began to display strange behavior. Betty first exhibited symptoms in January of 1692, where she started to shout blasphemies,
mimic animal sounds, and cry out in pain. Soon after, Abigail began to display similar symptoms. Determined to find the root of this problem,
civilians questioned a lady that Betty and Abigail mentioned. Tituba, an Indian slave, confessed immediately after being questioned. She claimed
witchcraft was practiced by many in her area. It was impossible to tell if she was telling the truth or not, but that was not what mattered, there had
been a confession, and that was what mattered (Hill 27). News spread of witchcraft in Salem and thus started the mass hysteria in Salem. SALEM
WITCH TRIALS From the Spring of 1692 to the fall of 1692, men and women

Summer For The Gods Summary
Edward J. Larson introduces the world to a very detailed account of the Scopes trial with a book called Summer for the Gods. Larson himself has a
law degree, Ph.D. in history, and is a history and law professor at the University of Georgia making him more than qualified to elaborate on the
accounts of this historical trial. Summer for the Gods describes the events leading up to the Scopes trial, trial itself, and the aftermath that takes place
in 1925. This trial is based whether or not evolution should be taught in schools, a controversy that very much plagues the United States. The trial will
put an infamous criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow and the famous fundamentalist religiosity politician William Jennings Bryan against each other in a
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Part one is everything leading up to the trial and sets the stage for the rejection of Darwinism and evolution theories by Protestants and fundamentalists.
Larson characterizes the emerging conflict as "populist majoritarianism and traditional evangelical faith versus scientific secularism and modern
concepts of individual liberty" (Larson,83). Larson uses his knowledge of history to touch on the fact that before the 1920s both science and
Christianity had a cordial relationship. Fundamentalist Christians would stir up the issue of evolution in the 1920s leading to the antievolution crusade.
Larson goes into further detail of the theory of evolution, Darwinism, the fundamentalist and Protestants, and the idea of poisoning children with
evolution leaving a lot of social unrest. Larson uses all this history to set up the conflict between the famous politician William Jennings Bryan and the
American Civil Liberties Union. Bryan is a leading antievolutionist and is involved in many of the antievolution laws during this time. The American
Civil Liberties Union was originally founded to defend protestors during world war one then shifted focus to defending labor union

Annie Lee Moss Appearance Before Mccarthy's Committee
Annie Lee Moss appearance before McCarthy's committee (1954) In addition to limiting freedom of speech through the Espionage Act of 1917 and the
Smith Act, Congress continued on a witch–hunt to remove all dissenters in any way they could, often charging and prosecuting individuals based on
circumstantial evidence. This period, often referred to as the Second Red Scare, followed World War II and came as the United States entered the
Cold War, was a time of much paranoia. One of the many cases during this period that showed how little evidence was used against individuals to
incriminate them was the case of Annie Lee Moss. According to a F.B.I informant, Ms. Moss was a "card carrying, dues paying" member of the
Communist party and was brought to testify before McCarthy's committee, for she was "alleged to have examined and correct secret, encoded
oversee messages." (The McCarthy Years) As they began to question Moss, it became clear that the evidence against her was only circumstantial.
For starters, the F.B.I informant had never seen Moss in person, but just knew her name appeared in records kept by the communist party. This was
clearly not enough to convict someone of being a spy, especially since it was later said in testimony that three others name Annie Lee Moss in the
area. Second of all, she was said to have connections with a white man by the name of Rob Halls, who was a well–known Communist, but the Rob
Halls Moss knew was a colored man. This once again poked another

How Did The Salem Witch Trials Affect Society
The last of the witches that were accused during the trials were finally released in September of 1693 in Salem. Over the year that the trials tools
place, more than one hundred people were imprisoned and twenty–four individuals died. The events of the trials taught society a lesson, and there were
measures taken to assure that these events would not be repeated. The witch trials brought about many effects for both the future and the present times
of the event. While the trials themselves may not be affecting the way society is today, they certainly molded the way that political leaders looked at
the influence of outside forces in government. During the trials, there was a huge issue with a local community committing entirely to one
homogenous issue that was brought on by accusations of young women in a town. It is obvious that the town was entirely in fear as the trials
unraveled, and as more people were falsely charged with witchcraft it added to the hysteria. People were genuinely afraid, and so because of this,
there were not many vocal moments by individuals to oppose what was going on. Many members of the community considered the trials to be a
corrupt act as well, especially after many ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The term Americanism today is seen as being patriotic, and standing up for what a person believes. After the trials had ended many members of the
community realized the mistakes they had made and the sense of justice had finally set in. This created the push for local government to rid itself of
injustice, unfair trial, and even prejudice in political matters. Of course, like many things, it has taken awhile for the ideals to develop and become
what they truly were intended to be, but the government in Americas as a whole has benefited from the Salem Witch Trials. Errors were seen and new
ways of dealing with issues were learned, ultimately creating a more equal opportune justice

Criminal Justice System Research Paper
The United States justice system is a complicated system. The justice system is the third branch of the government. This branch holds the
responsibility to create and uphold laws. The justice system has a precise order of how things fall into place when a crime has been committed. The
process to arrest an individual to the sentencing of that individual takes a bountiful amount of steps and procedures. First of all, the officials suspect an
individual is committing a crime. The cop can follow and gather evidence against the individual suspected of committing a wrong doing. If the cop
feels he/she has an insufficient amount of evidence, the officer can issue a warrant signed by a judge and search the individual or their property. Arrest,
which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The trial happens inside a courtroom with a judge and usually a trial jury that listens to all the facts and evidence of the case in which the jury or the
judge determine if you are innocent or guilty. Most misdemeanor cases do not escalate to court, but if the individual wants to go to trial the individual
has the right to, these are called bench trials. On the other hand, once an individual has completed the trial and the jury or judge has reached a verdict
the individual faces sentencing, which is usually a fine, prison sentencing, hours of community service, probation, or etc. The last and final step is
corrections. Corrections are when the individual agrees to treatment or community service and the individual can get out of the prison sentence, but is
still on probation and if the probation is violated the individual will go back to prison. After the individual, has complete their sentencing, they are free
to live life outside of

The Ethics Of The Clinical Trials
In recent years, the number of clinical trials increased significantly. With an increasing number of clinical trials, the ethical issues related to clinical
trials have also increased. Furthermore, the ethics of the clinical trials were violated on several occasions in last few decades. Nazi experiments with
World War II initiated the world leaders to implement a code of conduct that protects the autonomy of theclinical trial subjects. Therefore, the
Nuremberg Code was initiated in the year of 1949. However, this Code failed to protect the human subjects in clinical trials. Tuskegee syphilis trial
was one of the few incidents that were exposed in front of the entire country. The regulatory agencies and the government then realized that there
should be better regulations to protect the human subjects in the clinical trials. A series of codes and regulations were established to protect the
subjects in the clinical trial after the Tuskegee incident. The Belmont report (1979), International Conference on Harmonization guideline for Good
Clinical Practice (1996), the Declaration of Helsinki (2000), and CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human
Subjects (2002) are the main guidelines in recent years. There are also federal regulations to protect human subjects in the clinical trials. They are
USCFR Title21 Part 50, 56 (Protection of Human Subjects and Institutional Review Boards, 1991), and USCFR Title 46 (The Common Rule, 1981).
These federal

Sipp Bay Experiments
The West coast of Sipp Bay, Perry contain various shell thickness of Periwinkles ranging from two to eight millimeters. We have retrieved 3000
Periwinkles from Sipp Bay. In the laboratory, three square tanks with an area of 4 m2 were built. The tank's environment is modeled after West coast
environment using materials gathered from the coastline. Each tank contains 1000 Periwinkles and eight trials were conducted. The first tank is our
control group. We added 1000 Periwinkles into the control tank and recorded the shell thickness for each individual Periwinkle in the population.
Carcinus were not included in the control tank. The Periwinkles could reproduce without any environmental pressures caused by the Carcinus. The
Periwinkles were left to reproduce over the span of five generations. In the fifth generations of Periwinkles, we recorded the shell... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
One thousand Periwinkles were added into this tank. The shell thickness and the number of periwinkles present are exactly same as the Periwinkle
population used for the control group. For this tank, one Carcinus is introduced to the Periwinkle population. The Periwinkles had to reproduce while
the Carcinus is feasting upon them. After five generations, we recorded the shell thickness and number of individuals in the population. We repeated
this experiment seven times until eight trials were completed. The third tank is our phenotypic plasticity group. One thousand Periwinkles were added
into this tank. The Periwinkles used for this tank had the same shell thickness and the total number of individuals as our control group. We added one
Carcinus into this tank, but unlike the second tank, the claws were bound together using rubber bands. The Periwinkles were left to reproduce along
with the Carcinus for five generations. We recorded the shell thickness of the fifth generation and number of Periwinkles. We repeated this experiment
seven times until eight trials were

Jury System Advantages
America's founding fathers insisted the right to a trial by jury, extremely important as the Bills of Rights guarantees it in 3 separate amendments, the
5th, 6th, and 7th. The importance of the right to a trial by jury can be inference by the framers of America listed it as a reason for the colonies
independence from Britain in the Declaration of Independence. The earliest jury system can be found in England hundreds of years ago. If a crime
took place, the accused appeared in court to trial preceding the judge and jury. The judge served as a legal expert, while 12 men from the same
community where the crime took place served as jurors. The jury decided whether or not the accused individual was guilty or innocent of the crime
after hearing the evidence of the crime, instead of the judge, just like today's jury system. The American jury system even as outdated as it is, is still a
valuable design within the court system. The American jury system is beneficial to America's court system because then the trial process incur more
thoughts, provides speedy trials, promotes popular sovereignty and makes sure evidence is questioned thoroughly.
The American jury system ensures an extensive thought process to the evidence of a crime in a case. There were a total of 78,428 criminal cases
filed in federal court during a 12 month period, 13,928 criminal trial cases were reviewed by bench trial, and 2,928 criminal trial cases were reviewed
by the jury.(Doc.A) There are more than 320

Is Ptc Really Linked From Smell?
Is PTC really linked to smell?
Clarisel Paula
PCB–3063L U07
GROUP # 2:
Christian Pino
Julianna Pettinger
Eduardo Villoch
Abstract:
Phenylthiocarbamide, sometimes also refers to as PTC, is an organic compound that permits individuals to distinguish their level of acidic taste. Not
everyone can taste it, and the individuals who can are called "tasters" while the individuals who can 't are "non–tasters". Towards the start of the
investigation a PTC paper of 0.003mg fixation was given to a population of 23 participants with a specific end goal to shape two unique gatherings:
PTC tasters and non–tasters. This investigation required a total of two trials. In which, every participant started by rinsing their mouths with water and
The p–value obtained was 0.0219. We can conclude that smell can minimize individuals level of bitterness perceived for PTC. Introduction:
The human body has various sorts of qualities that control the capacity to taste substances experienced on a regular basis. PTC is a compound
powder that perceives the intensity of acidity taste for some individuals, however not all individuals can taste it (Harris, H. 1950). The vicinity of the
TAS2R receptor on the tongue situated in chromosome 7 denotes the capacity to taste PTC (Kim & Drayna, 2004). The most popular well–known
strategies to taste PTC is a piece of paper that it is place on people 's tongue, and individuals who can 't taste the bitterness of the PTC paper are called
"non–tasters", while the individuals who can are called "tasters"(Lawless, H. 1980).Through various studies it has been found that 15%–30% of
individuals are non–tasters of PTC; however it has likewise been found that age, race, and sex assume a major part in who tastes and don 't taste PTC
(Lawless, H. 1980). Sexual orientation has had an extremely intriguing relationship between PTC taster and non–tasters as it has been seen that women
are more likely to PTC than men (Merritt, R, etc., 2008).
FIGURE 1.1: This image shows how the linkage of smell and taste in the human body brain is and does it work.
While a great majority of people are dominant in this trait, there are some that can't not taste the

Positive and Negative Publicity in a Case Trial
Media publishes both positive and negative aspects regarding a criminal case, and with Milats' case, the media focused highly on negative publicity. As
Ruva, Geunther and Yarbrough had found that both positive and negative media realises can influence the jury in different ways, it provided an
understanding into the different types of media representation surrounding a case. The different types of media representation will influence ones
memory, and pre–trial publicity can cause errors in judgement or confusion surrounding the case. Ruva and McEvoy (2008) explored how positive and
negative publicity for the trail can affect the memory and decisions making of the jurors. Again, discussions surrounding how pre–trail publicity does
effect the decision making of the juror were shown through the results of the study. Ruva and McEvoy had found that negative pre–trail publicity "had
nearly twice the convictions rates as did non–exposed jurors" (2008, p. 7), whereas, positive pre–tail publicity gave jurors a biased decision and these
jurors were more likely to have found the defendant not guilty, and also, more likely to sympathise with the defendant. Ruva and McEvoy argued that
the negative pre–trial publicity should be used to influence the jury's decision, as it gives the defendant more questions to respond to and can truly test
the defendants' credibility. In the end, the jurors decisions when exposed to pre–trail publicity, comes down to what information is stored in the

Cooper V. Oklahoma Supreme Court Case Analysis
In order for the State of Oklahoma to find an individual incompetent to Stand Trial it requisites a "clear & convincing" proof of 75% percent or
higher to discover an individual who has committed a felony incompetent to stand trial (IST). Byron Keith Cooper was accused of murdering an 86
year old lady. At the time of his trial he started talking to someone or something that no one else could see or hear while he was bending down in a
fetal position (Cooper v. Oklahoma, 1996). After the pre–trial hearing, he was committed to a State Hospital where Cooper remained in attendance for
the duration of 12 weeks (Cooper v. Oklahoma, 1996). The magistrate was not convinced that Mr. Cooper met the criteria for the State of Oklahoma's
standards for IST, and eventually the decision from the Courts for Mr. Cooper was the Death Penalty (Cooper v. Oklahoma, 1996). The US Supreme
Court Stated the facts of interested for conducting a murder trial must not supersede the defendant's civil rights... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There are so many assessment tools that can test the conclusion of a defendants capability to stand trial, of course a Dr. in the forensic setting will
evaluate and test those individuals for accuracy. This is only done when the courts or an attorney (defense/prosecution) hires the forensic professional
to conduct these tests. Certain assessments are viable to the submission of the courts in the U.S. A number of well–known lawful assessments of
insanity to decide if the defendant was insane at the time of the offense are utilized (Gaskell, 2014). Insanity defense psychosomatic assessments apply
the suitable examinations rendering to each jurisdiction. Those appropriate tests may vey but for the most part these are; The M'Naghten rule,
Irresistible Impulse test, American Law Institute (ALI), Durham test, and Insanity Defense Reform Act (Gaskell,

Dispute Resolution Methods
SCENARIO 1 Supervisor, Carl, does not get on with one of his workers, Chia. Carl decides to change Chia from day shift to night shift. Chia is not
happy and calls the union. Write Maximum of 400 words answer here: Assumptions: between Carl and Chia there could be differences in personality
and termperament, lack of effective communication skills, gender, generational and cultural issues, ongoing cycles of workplace change that do not
seem to improve anything Mediation and Conciliation provides an opportunity for those involved to address the issues, explore options and reach a
workable outcome through a mutually agreeable course of action. The process is flexible and can be adapted depending on the individual situations but
The presentation generally takes place outside of the courtroom, in a private forum. After the parties have presented their best case, the panel convenes
and tries to settle the matter. Arbitration involves a presentation of evidence by both sides to a dispute, much like in a typical lawsuit. The difference is
that an arbitrator or panel of arbitrators hears the evidence rather than the judge. Mini–Trial advantages: speed – although preparation can take weeks
and the trial takes one or two days in presentation time. However long it takes to negotiate a settlement and draw up an agreement reflecting the terms
of the settlement, the overall time taken to resolve a commercial dispute by this method can be counted in months rather than in years, expense –
savings in terms of the public purse as all mini–trial expenses are privately met, flexibility – the parties are free to tailor the process to meet their
particular problem and can adjust it if necessary as they proceed. Mini–Trial disadvantages: the major drawback of the mini–trial is the same as that for
any voluntary consensual process and that is that since the parties are free to withdraw at any time a disputant could withdraw after the other disputant
has revealed his or her "hand" by presenting his or her "best" case. This may give the withdrawing party and advantage in any subsequent litigation.
Also, since the negotiations following a

The Last Race
Henry ford once said,"Even a mistake may turn out to be the one thing necessary to a worthwhile achievement." Mistakes can make smarter, learning
from them can help us not make the same mistake next time. They also make us wiser, but in the end mistakes do their job. They teach us, they make
us stronger. Running a race is mentally and physically tough, but in the end finishing is always worth it. Not finishing a race is a big mistake that I
made. "Okay girls on the line!", yelled Mr. Wesley, "We're doing time trials for the 800," All the girls lined up, eager to see how they do, but nervous
for reasons of their own. Mr. Wesley told us about how a waterfall start works and set us up. He told us how and what to do. "On your marks," said Mr.
Wesley, "Get set. Go!" We were off, some girls were faster than others. I was closer to the front and running fast. What I didn't realize was that I was
going too fast. And as we got closer to the end of the first lap, I was breathing heavily and coughing, I was like a fish out of water. I was gasping for
air. I walked off with a stitch in my side and slightly light headed. There had been girls in front of me, but they were doing just fine. As I walked
off to get a drink of water people ran past, and I realized that I had been the only one to give up. I was wondering what would my parents think? But
there was no way to undo what I had just done. "How was track?"

A Research Study On Drug Testing
When Pharmaceutical companies are trying to develop a new drug they begin the process of a clinical trial. A clinical trial in drug testing is when
researchers test a new drug on live participants and record information such as side effects and results. Recently, pharmaceutical companies are trying to
increase their profits so they have been outsourcing. Outsourcing is when clinical trials go to a clinical research organization (CRO), which are big
businesses. One crucial step in a clinical trial is informed consent. The participants must know they are part of a research study, the possible risks,
and outcomes. This information should be presented in a manor in which the individual can understand. However, after watching the videos this
crucial step is sometimes overlooked or not taken seriously during overseas drug testing. Often times testing is done overseas in areas that are over
populated and have a large gap between the wealthy and the poor. When researchers are conducting the trial they have been known to just completely
skip over this step or they give individuals the information on the clinical trial but the participants are illiterate and unable to understand any part of it.
This is seen as unethical practice. Ethically, all participants are required to know they are part of a clinical trial and they need to know all risks and
outcomes projected before participating.
When government officials were interviewed about the clinical trials they stated that the

Abigail Williams Research Paper
Sarah Osborne Many individuals were killed throughout the Salem Witch Trials, but the first case involved Abigail Williams, Sarah Goode, Sarah
Osborne, and Tituba. According to the University of Virginia, "Abigail Williams testified and said that several times last February she had been much
afflicted with pains and often pinched by the apparition of Sarah Good, Sarah Osborne, and Tituba." Due to their inability to explain things at the time,
Salem blamed Abigail Williams' pains, pinches, and fits on witchcraft. As a result, Sarah Osborne was one of the individuals accused of witchcraft. One
of the most unique things about Sarah Osborne's trial was the fact that she denied all of the accusations against her. At the time, when someone
confessed

Importance Of The Sixth Amendment
The founding fathers decided it would be beneficial to create the sixth amendment in 1789 in attempt to codify fairness. When thinking about what the
word fair means, one should think of a "marked by impartiality and honest: free from self–interest, prejudice, or favoritism" (Fair). Overall, the sixth
amendment was created to "guarantee the right to criminal defendants, including the right to a public trial without unnecessary delay, the right to know
who your accusers are and the nature of the charges and evidence against you" (Sixth Amendment). This means every individual who is being charged
of a crime, is required to have a speedy and public trial, an impartial jury, notice of accusation, confrontation, and counsel. Since all ... Show more
After seeing the judicial system fail for so long, our founding fathers believed the judicial system should change. This lead our founding father to
create the sixth amendment, were "judges developed rules of evidence and produces and gave the lawyers a say in selecting and instructing juries,
so trials grew longer and more complex" (). The founding fathers created the six amendment that includes six human rights. The first right is
considered to be a speedy trial. A speedy trial is an individual's trial that holds little or no delay. An individual who is arrested must be brought to
trial for his or her alleged crimes within a reasonable time. If an individual's criminal case fails to begin a trial in a timely manner, the case may be
dismissed. Depending on the jurisdiction, a prosecution has sixty to one–hundred–and–twenty days to bring an imprisoned defendant to trial. An
individual may waive their rights to a speedy trial. "Our words were read aloud by attorney Volkova because the courts would not then let us speak.
This was our first opportunity to speak after five months in captivity" (Tolokonnikova, 2012). A member of the Pussy Riot named Nadezhda
Tolokonnikova was held in prison for five months unable to defend herself by telling her side of the story until her trial. She was held in jail for what
the courts called "hooliganism", because Nadezhda Tolokonnikova and two

Criminal Prosecution And The Judicial Process

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