Persuasive Essay Over After Nuclear Waste

Persuasive Essay Over After Nuclear Waste
Billions of pounds every year could be spent on improving our health service, police force and so
many other worthwhile causes that could benefit from the money but instead our government has
decided to spend that money on burying nuclear waste. Nuclear waste when recycled could make
them more money because once you process nuclear waste you can use it again to produce nuclear
energy. So why are are they spending billions to get rid of something that could make them another
billion pounds. Them being the owners of the nuclear plants and also the government.
So what is nuclear waste, I hear you ask. It is what's left over after nuclear fuel has been through the
reactor, once used in the reactor it'll make nuclear energy what's left behind is dangerously
radioactive. Uranium is the main component of what goes in a reactor and it is split into almost
every other atoms there are during the reaction so it's no longer stable and safe. Nuclear waste is
very dangerous and for those of you who have seen to many movies or read to many comic books
where people who come ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Well don't worry here it is. 90% of the nuclear waste is still uranium that can be used, so that's 90%
of unused fuel. This uranium which is in the waste can be processed until it is just the reusable
materials left and then can be placed in a advanced fast reactor (this is similar to a normal reactor
but it works at a much faster speed and can remove mor particles–neutrons–from the fuel) this is the
process of recycling nuclear waste. Also when the processed nuclear waste is placed in these
reactors a lot of the dangerous extremely radioactive waste is butchered. So the waste that still has to
be disposed of by burying it will be gone in a couple of hundred years rather than a few millenniums
which still isn't perfect but a lot better than the other way of dealing with it. So why is ninety percent
of our energy resources
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Atomic Bomb Impact
The atomic bomb is considered one of the most lethal forces ever used to inflict harm upon a nation
or a group of people. The atomic bomb was used because the Japanese military command had
denied the request for unconditional surrender, because of this the American and British forces had
decided to drop an atomic bomb on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The atomic bomb relates
to science and technology because it was one of the most leading edge pieces of technology
available at the time. The atomic bomb had affected not only Japan but also the rest of the world.
The atomic bomb was dropped on the first Japanese city of Hiroshima on August 6th, 1945. This is
the day the world changed forever. The bomb impacted Japan in immeasurable ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Perhaps the most advanced weaponry that can be used in war. The atomic bomb was made using
plutonium, plutonium is created when an atom of uranium–238 absorbs a neutron and thus becomes
plutonium–239. The atomic bomb had a blast radius of 3km this meant that anything that was in the
blast radius would be decimated. The plane that had carried the bomb also known as "little boy" was
Boeing B–29 plane also nicknamed "enola gay." The most expensive thing about World War 2 was
not the atomic bomb but the plane that carried it. The B–29 plane made by Boeing was specialized
for the atomic bomb because it had a carry load and releasing capability of up to 10,000 pounds of
atomic bomb. The United States of America also did a lot of nuclear testing to make sure that the
bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki were 100% possible. By July 25th 1945 a fully capable nuclear
atomic bomb was ready for testing and though the war with Germany was over, the war against
Japan was still raging on. On July 16th, America had tested their first and successful atomic bomb
trial. The bomb was detonated near Los Alamos research facility. In all the Atomic bomb was one of
the most cutting edge pieces of weaponry available, because it allowed to deliver immense force and
was able to decimate

Manhattan Project Research Paper
Topic: The Atomic Bomb: Manhattan Project
What is it: The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first
nuclear weapons during World War II. the manhattan project was the invention of the first two
nuclear bombs, Fat man and little boy.These two bombs were dropped on japanese islands to end
World War II.
Math: The formula E=MC2 is responsible for the immense power of the Atomic Bomb. E = mc2,
equation in German–born physicist Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity that showed that the
increased relativistic mass (m) of a body comes from the energy of motion of the body–that is, its
kinetic energy (E)–divided by the speed of light squared (c2). This equation expresses the fact that
mass and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two neutrons do not continue the reaction because they are lost or absorbed by a uranium–238
atom. However, one neutron does collide with an atom of uranium–235, which then fissions and
releases two neutrons and some binding energy. Both of those neutrons collide with uranium–235
atoms, each of which fission and release between one and three neutrons, and so on. This causes a
nuclear chain reaction. For more on this topic, see Nuclear Fission. Criticality
In order to detonate an atomic weapon, you need a critical mass of fissionable material. This means
you need enough U–235 or Pu–239 to ensure that neutrons released by fission will strike another
nucleus, thus producing a chain reaction. The more fissionable material you have, the greater the
odds that such an event will occur. Critical mass is defined as the amount of material at which a
neutron produced by a fission process will, on average, create another fission event. The Difference
Between the Bombs
Little Boy and Fat Man utilized different elements and completely separate methods of construction
in order to function as nuclear weapons. Little Boy detonated due to a fission chain reaction
involving the isotope U–235 of uranium, while Fat Man used plutonium's Pu–239 form.
the FAT MAN bomb powered by plutonium, Fat Man could not use the same gun–type design that
allowed Little Boy to explode effectively – the form of plutonium collected from the nuclear
reactors at Hanford, WA for the

American Involvement During World War II
Introduction December 7, 1941 marked an important date for the American involvement in World
War II. "The attacking planes came in two waves; the first hit its target at 7:53 AM, the second at
8:55" (eyewitnesstohistory). It was the day that the United States declared war against Japan and got
involved in World War II after Japanese planes bombed Pearl Harbor. "Behind them they left chaos,
2,403 dead, 188 destroyed planes and a crippled Pacific Fleet that included 8 damaged or destroyed
battleships" (eyewitnesstohistory). After so many deaths and millions in loss of planes and ships the
United States decided to get involved in World War II. The United States would join the Allies
which were Great Britain, USSR and France. This day changed the nation completely, it changed the
war and it would show later on how the United States was the was the dominant nation during
World War II. From this day on the United States tried to make sure that the Japanese were not able
to get any information about what the United States wanted to do. Many of the Japanese Americans
that lived in California, Oregon and Washington found their lives had changed after President
Roosevelt issued the Executive order no. 9066 which order over 110,000 Japanese Americans to live
in detention camps (Teacher Scholastic). This was the beginning of what eventually would end with
the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The amount of damage that the atomic bombs used in
Nagasaki and Hiroshima did many times

The Nuclear Terrorism Threat and the Aum Shinrikyo Cult...
The Nuclear Terrorism Threat and the Aum Shinrikyo Cult
Until the mid seventies, the term nuclear terror was used predominately to describe the threat of a
nuclear attack by the Soviet Union. Since then, however, it has taken on a whole new meaning
which many security experts feel poses a more serious threat to national security. In the past few
decades, formal terrorist organizations have exploded planes out of the sky, bombed US military and
diplomatic facilities abroad, and with the World Trade Center and Oklahoma City bombing
incidents, they have even launched attacks on American soil.
Yet until 20 March 1995 when five members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult released sarin nerve gas in
the Tokyo subway system, the world had not seen ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The guru, Asahara, is an essential guide throughout this spiritual evolution. Members of the group
believe that salvation will only be achieved after Armageddon, even for those who are killed in the
process. In spite of its religious nature, Aum's leadership structure was organized in the form of a
ministerial cabinet patterned after the Japanese government.
Since its establishment in 1987, the Aum organization expanded physically, geographically, and
financially. It is believed that at its height, the group had over 65,000 members, yet only 10,000 of
these were located in Japan. Aum had a large representation in Russia, approximately three times the
number of followers in Japan and half of its total membership worldwide. By the end of 1994, there
were six Aum Shinrikyo branches in Moscow alone and another eleven offices outside the capital
city. On a smaller scale, Aum established branches in Germany and the US and claimed small
groups of followers in Australia, Belarus, and the Ukraine. The organization's financial assets were
accumulated through fund raising, donations, and a variety of legitimate business efforts, from
computer businesses in Taiwan to

American Research And Development Of An Atomic Bomb
It was August, 1939. United States President Franklin Roosevelt read a letter sent to him from
prominent scientists Albert Einstein and Leo Szilard. The purpose of this letter was to inform the
President that the Germans supposedly discovered the secrets to developing nuclear weaponry and
to urge the President to do the same. This letter changed the course of human history, setting the
stage for the development of weapons that would alter warfare forever (Primary Sources: Letter
from Einstein to FDR). The Manhattan Project was the code–name given to the American research
and development of an atomic bomb. The high–stakes chess game of World War II was in full
swing, and every move each side played created a chain reaction throughout the world, as did the
news of the German's advancements. Even though the United States would not officially enter the
war until 1941 (Historical Film Footage: US Enters World War II), the world believed the United
States to be the only hope of a German defeat. With the alarming news of the German's recent
discoveries, the Americans needed to quickly assert its dominance in the race to develop new
wartime technology. Roosevelt authorized the research of nuclear weapons in January of 1942
(Atomic Timeline). Immediately, government officials placed plans for classified studies into motion
at institutions across the country. As explained by the Independence Hall Association, "At first the
research was based at only a few universities – Columbia

Plutonium Research Paper
The atomic number of plutonium is 94. Its mass number is 244 u. It has a density of 19.86 g/cm3.
The melting point of the element is 1,183°F (639.4°C); and its boiling point is 5,849°F (3,232°C).
The phase it's in at room temperature is solid. Plutonium is also a conductor. Glenn T. Seaborg,
Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan, and Arthur Wahl discovered it in 1940. Some of its common
compounds are plutonium dioxide, plutonium carbide, plutonium dicarbide, diplutonium tricarbide,
plutonium trifluoride, plutonium tetrafluoride, and plutonium nitrates. Plutonium dioxide is a
mixture with uranium dioxide (UO2) for use as reactor fuel. Plutonium dioxide, plutonium
dicarbide, and diplutonium tricarbide can potentially be used as fuel in breeder reactors. Plutonium
trifluoride and plutonium tetrafluoride are compounds in the production of plutonium metal.
Plutonium nitrates have no use, but are products of reprocessing. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If too much plutonium is accumulated, it can cause a chemical reaction, which would be
catastrophic. Even in a strong, stable environment, the element will heat itself up and inevitably
break through the barrier if there's too much put together. The shape of what it's confined in is also
important. Shapes similar to spheres are most

Research Paper On Atomic Weapons
Science, Arts/Humanities, PE & Engineering Division Valeria Torres
General Chemistry I: 1411 – 61500 Monday & Wednesday 6:00 – 8:50 P.M. Professor Shelia Fox
Mountain View College December 2nd, 2015
Torres 1
Valeria Torres Professor S. Fox English 1411– 61500 2 December 2015 Atomic Weapons
We all have wondered questions like how the deadliest weapon known to mankind functions. What
causes the mass destruction and where did we get the materials from? And what materials did the
U.S. use to make the atomic bomb from? These are all very important questions that you may have
and the list may go on and on about, when, why and how we were able to create such a powerful
weapon force such as the nuclear bomb.
"On August 6th, 1945, a uranium gun–type ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The nucleus of a uranium 235 atom when hit by a neutron hit by a certain speed. Fusion produces
energy with the combination of the lightest elements and fission splits only the heaviest. The
products of fission and fusion tend toward the middle of the ladder. 1 lb. of uranium would produce
the combustion of the size of 14,000 tons of coal or 250,000 gallons of gasoline. "When completely
fissioned, 1 kg (2.2 pounds) of uranium–235 releases the energy equivalently produced by 17,000
tons, or 17 kilotons, of TNT (Britannica)." The energy is built up and then let loose in a violent
explosion, "the detonation of an atomic bomb releases enormous amounts of thermal energy, or heat,
achieving temperatures of several million degrees in the exploding bomb itself. This thermal energy
creates a large fireball, the heat of which can ignite ground fires that can incinerate an entire small
city (Britannica)." Like the days when "Little Boy" and "Fat Man" were dropped on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki, Japan. "Convection currents created by the explosion suck dust and other ground
materials up into the fireball, creating the characteristic mushroom–shaped cloud of an atomic
explosion. (Britannica)." When the nucleus needs to be put to work to develop a chain reaction
through the fission process, like a domino effect. "Plutonium is only found naturally in minute
traces, so useable amounts must be produced from uranium. In a nuclear reactor, uranium's heavier
U–238 isotope can be forced to acquire extra particles, eventually becoming the plutonium
(Inventors)." Plutonium has the same effect as uranium 235, "fission weapons, a mass of fissile
material, either enriched uranium or plutonium, is assembled into a supercritical mass–the amount
of material needed to start an exponentially growing nuclear chain reaction

Los Alamos Research Paper
During World War II, the U.S., Germany, and Japan we're all at war. Germany expanding, Hitler
rising in power, Japan fighting, and the U.S. At the start of the war, the bomb was not yet invented.
People realized that one of the only ways to defeat the others in war was by large explosions, but
nobody had that kind of technology yet. There was a task set for scientists. With the approval of
president Franklin D. Roosevelt, they began the Manhattan project. This was the creation of the
Atomic Bomb.
The goal was to stop war with explosions. This discovery is what changed war. With the help of
Albert Einstein and Robert Oppenheimer was discovered that by splitting the atom, they could
create their bomb. They feared that Hitler and Germany would ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Some people were conflicted by this idea but some went along. All these people that were chosen
packed and moved to a place in New Mexico called Los Alamos. They had constructed buildings
and homes for those that came, for that is where they would remain. Los Alamos is where they
worked on the Manhattan project.
There in Los Alamos was born the first Atomic Bomb.They had figured out how to split atoms and
how to use it, but the problem was finding something to put it in. The bomb was given a certain
shape that was able to fit everything and for sure make the bomb go off. Scientists used Uranium to
build the atomic bomb. The problem with that was that not a lot of Uranium could be made at a
time. It would take years to get just very little and even longer to have enough to create more. So
scientists had to find something else to use for a bomb.
In the searching for another element, they had discovered that Plutonium was the next best thing for
the bomb. Much larger quantities were able to be made for the production of more bombs.
Plutonium wasn't hard to get, nor did it take as much waiting and work for creating. Because it was
so easy to make, a lot more bombs were able to be made, making it so they became the deadlier

Plutonium-238
Isotopes are essential to the universe in a chemical and even a social aspect, standing as a variation
of an element portrayed as unique. Important questions surround isotopes, how are they distinctive
and ultimately what is an isotope? To answer that question, isotopes are a form of an element that
differs in the number of neutrons in the nucleus but does not differ in protons of that element. An
isotope in particular that contributed to society is Plutonium–238, which is understood to be a
radioactive isotope. Understanding the basic structure according to the periodic table. Pu–238 has an
atomic number of 94. This is what classifies it as plutonium due to its number of protons. The
atomic mass, which is the sum of protons and neutrons ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neptunium–238 undergoes beta decay which is when a proton is converted into a neutron and a
proton. The final product is plutonium–238. While plutonium–238 decays, it releases .5 watts of
energy per gram. Due to this release of energy which can be used as a viable fuel source,
plutonium–238 is used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators, early pacemaker batteries, as well
as space satellites and vehicles. Though the source is widely used by NASA, the production has run
flat as well as the amount of material running dangerously low. For continued and future usage of
plutonium–238, the U.S. is establishing plans in order to run a plant that creates the isotope.
Currently, Russia is the lead supplier of plutonium–238. The hope is, by 2019, the isotopes
production will run at full

Two Types Of Atomic Bombs
Two types of atomic bombs were developed concurrently during the war: a relatively simple gun–
type fission weapon and a more complex implosion–type nuclear weapon. The Thin Man gun–type
design proved impractical to use with plutonium so a simpler gun–type called Little Boy was
developed that used uranium–235, an isotope that makes up only 0.7 percent of natural uranium.
Chemically identical to the most common isotope, uranium–238, and with almost the same mass, it
proved difficult to separate the two. Three methods were employed for uranium enrichment:
electromagnetic, gaseous and thermal. Most of this work was performed at the Clinton Engineer
Works at Oak Ridge, Tennessee.In parallel with the work on uranium was an effort to produce
plutonium.

Essay on Nuclear Terrorism Not Likely
Abstract: Now that the Cold War is over, both the United States and the former Soviet Republics are
dismantling their nuclear arsenals. Because of a less than reliable system of nuclear security in
Russia, the chances of terrorists group obtaining uranium or plutonium from Russia have increased.
However, in order to assemble the nuclear weapon, the group would need both knowledge and all
the necessary materials. Thus, a nuclear threat by a terrorist is possible but not very likely.
Nuclear Terrorism:
During the 1980s, the world often watched and wondered what would and could occur between the
two super power nations, the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. During the
Cold War, both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
and the former Soviet republics. This is because the nuclear weapons are dismantled into the basic
components, the most potentially dangerous piece being the uranium or plutonium center that fuels
the nuclear explosion. These materials are now more readily available to terrorist groups than ever
before because of lax security in Russia and the other former Soviet republics.
To understand the problem these nuclear fuels present, certain clarifications need to made. There are
many different grades of plutonium and uranium. Most grades, (known as reactor grades) are usable
in nuclear reactors. However, in order for plutonium or uranium to be used in a nuclear weapon,
they need to be in a very high grade (often referred to as bomb grade). In its high grade form,
uranium is known as uranium 235 or highly–enriched uranium (HEU). Plutonium is known as
plutonium 239 when it is bomb grade. Both elements rarely occur in the bomb grade form. In fact,
only 0.7% of uranium that is formed naturally is bomb grade. The other 99.3% can be changed into
bomb grade plutonium using expensive nuclear reactors.
During the Cold War, these bomb grade supplies of uranium and plutonium were protected because
they were in nuclear warheads under the control of the super powers' armed forces. However, now
in Russia, the control of these weapons is being transferred from the

Plutonium Effect
Effects can go beyond air and land, to also effect marine environments and species. In January 1968,
a United States Air Force B–52 bomber crashed into the ice covering North Star Bay in Greenland.
The airplane was carrying four hydrogen bombs on an alert mission during the Cold War when a fire
started on board. When the plane crashed, the hydrogen bombs on board went off and radioactive
contamination was released into North Star Bay, as well as Narssarssuk, a neighboring city of the
crash site. In 2003, analyses of the marine area that was affected by the crash showed that plutonium
levels were still elevated over 30 years later. The highest levels were found directly under the site of
the plane crash, but levels were elevated in the surrounding areas as well. Seaweed found in Bylot
Sound, an ocean inlet in North Star Bay, showed increased concentrations of plutonium compared to
seaweed found outside of Bylot Sound. The increase of plutonium in the Sound is a direct result of
particle transportation from wind and wave actions that pushed the contamination to surrounding
areas (Nielsen et al). Areas in the direct ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since January, North Korea has conducted ten missile tests, including a missile that is said to be able
to carry a nuclear warhead. President Trump claims that he will not stand down to North Korea and
will do what needs to be done in order to protect the United States. It is clear that nuclear warfare is
a potential reality in the near future considering the development and success of nuclear weapons
worldwide. It is impossible to protect the environment from the effects of nuclear weapons. Intense
radiation, destruction of plants and animals, and nuclear winter are all major concerns and the
potential effects from nuclear fallout must be thought through before using weapons of mass
destruction to end world

The Atomic Technology of War: Essay
The Atomic Technology of War:
The spread of atomic weapons.
Scientists in several countries performed experiments in connection with nuclear reactors and fission
weapons during World War II, but no country other than the United States carried its projects as far
as separating uranium–235 or manufacturing plutonium–239.
The Axis powers
By the time the war began on Sept. 1, 1939, Germany had a special office for the military
application of nuclear fission; chain–reaction experiments with uranium and carbon were being
planned, and ways of separating the uranium isotopes were under study. Some measurements on
carbon, later shown to be in error, led the physicist Werner Heisenberg to recommend that heavy
water be used, instead, for the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the war took its toll on the economy, the British position evolved through 1942 and 1943 to one
of full support for the American project with the realization that Britain's major effort would come
after the war. While the British program was sharply reduced at home, approximately 50 scientists
and engineers went to the United States at the end of 1943 and during 1944 to work on various
aspects of the Manhattan Project. The valuable knowledge and experience they acquired sped the
development of the British bomb after 1945.
The formal postwar decision to manufacture a British atomic bomb was made by Prime Minister
Clement Attlee's government during a meeting of the Defence Subcommittee of the Cabinet in early
January 1947. The construction of a first reactor to produce fissile material and associated facilities
had gotten under way the year before. William Penney, a member of the British team at Los Alamos
during the war, was placed in charge of fabricating and testing the bomb, which was to be of a
plutonium type similar to the one dropped on Nagasaki. That Britain was developing nuclear
weapons was not made public until Prime Minister Winston Churchill announced on Feb. 17, 1952,
plans to test the first British–made atomic bomb at the Monte Bello Islands off the northwest coast
of Australia. There, on Oct. 3, 1952, the first British atomic weapons test, called Hurricane, was
successfully conducted aboard the

Is Nuclear Power the Way to Go? Essay
Is nuclear power the way to go?
Nuclear Power? What is nuclear power and why do so countries pursuit it or ask to be ban?
According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency nuclear power is created through a
process call fission where uranian atoms are seperate which leads to the release of energy (paragraph
one, epa.gov, 4/22/2011). The first major investment on nuclear power was seen in the Manhanttan
Project. The results of the Manhanttan Project were seen on the island Japan during World War Two,
where two nuclear bomb were used to end the war in the pacific. Ever since that event, nations have
put their best scientist to make create nuclear power, some invest on nuclear research for alternative
method of energy or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, the article suggest that reprocessing will lead to the construction of more low–level
nuclear facilities (paragraph eight, ucsusa.org, 04/05/2011), which points more facilities are going to
be builted unnecessarily, leading to the contamination of more land. The idea of nuclear power
facilities to recycle their waste hurts the enviroment.
By recycling nuclear waste, it contributes to the contamination of the planet by adding more nuclear
hazard. The waste that keeps on pilling on is that of uranium and plutonium which are two substance
that takes a long period of time to stop being radioactive. In the article publish by the Union of
Concerned Scientist, it is mention that after nuclear waste is recycle it produces differences types of
nuclear waste and thus adding more twenty years to the present nuclear waste, plutonium being one
those nuclear waste (paragraph eight, ucsusa.org, 04/05/2011) meaning that extra waste is being
created by nuclear facilities which increases that amount of nuclear hazard that already exist.
Furthermore, uranium is another substance that is being mas produce by reprocessing which leading
to more contamination. In the same article, they mention that uranium is the substance that is mass
produce by reprocessing which causes contamination (paragraph eight, ucsusa.org, 04/05/2011), it
clearly shows that reprocessing it leading for this hazardest element to pollute more the earth.
Lastly, in

Fat Man Research Paper
The two Uranium masses would hit each other so hard it would be so great that the bomb would
blow itself apart. The second Atomic bomb was was dropped on Nagasaki named the "fat man",
which was an implosion–type weapon. The Fat Man device specifically used 13.6 lbs, about 12 US
fl oz of Pu–239, which is only 41% of bare–sphere critical mass. Surrounded by a U–238
reflector/tamper, the Fat Man's pit was brought close to critical mass by the neutron–reflecting
properties of the U–238. During detonation, criticality was gained by implosion. Implosion is where
the Plutonium pit was squeezed to increase its density and by detonating at the same time. The
implosion method is considered more sophisticated than the gun method and only can be used if ...
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Nuclear fission separates or splits heavier atoms to form lighter atoms. Nuclear fusion combines
together lighter atoms to form heavier atoms. Both reactions generate roughly a million times more
energy than comparable chemical reactions, making nuclear bombs a million times more powerful
than non–nuclear bombs. This energy produces the blast and fire which are normally the purpose of
a nuclear explosion. Most fission products have too many neutrons to be stable so they are
radioactive by beta decay, converting neutrons into protons by throwing off beta particles and
gamma rays.Which makes thing called half lives. Their half lives range from milliseconds to about
200,000 years. Many decay into isotopes that are themselves radioactive, so from 1 to 6 decays may
be required to reach stability. In reactors, the radioactive products are the nuclear waste in spent
fuel. In bombs, they become radioactive fallout, both local and

The Effects Of Nuclear Power On The World
Deadly source of energy
There are so many sources of energy in the world. Many of these sources are abundant in the nature
and will not be extinct from the world. Solar, wind, water are gift of the nature to the humans. We
have been using these natural resources for a long time. But, we have switched into other forms for
energy resources, especially nuclear power. Nuclear power/plants have been increasing since the last
decade. The main reason why the nuclear power has been used widely is due to their low emission
of CO2 to the environment. But, the radiation due to the nuclear power plants is much deadly than
the CO2 generated from any other sources of energy. There is no need of such deadly form of
energy. We need to close down all the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Very high radiation doses can destroy body functions and lead to death within 60 days. The effects
of routine releases of radioactivity from nuclear plants depend somewhat on how the spent fuel is
handled. A typical estimate is that they may reduce our life expectancy by 15 minutes (AMASS). A
small amount of radiation can even lead to so many serious health risks it can neither be long term
or short term.. It has been proved by scientist that, if we breathe in radioactive elements for the
explosion or leaking of nuclear power station can lead to the lung cancers or sudden death due to
breathing difficulties. Studies show that people who are exposed to excess radiation had long term
cancer risks or cancers. (Christoduleas, John P, et al)
Usually waste doesn't harm any people, but that's not the case of nuclear waste. Nuclear waste
disposal have been one of the main problem to the countries with nuclear power stations. It's really
hard to dispose nuclear waste as it is highly toxic. Nuclear waste is a serious threat to animals.
Not only it leaks and spills it threatens the environment. But still there isn't any satisfying solution
for the nuclear waste storage or disposal. Even though is waste it highly toxic and dangerous.
Nuclear waste can harm people and the environment. However nuclear waste can be used to make
weapons but this type of

Manhattan Project Essay
There were three main sites used during the Manhattan Project to produce plutonium and enriched
uranium; The Hanford site in Hanford, Washington, the Y–12 site in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and the
K–25 site in Oak Ridge as well. On January 16, 1943 General Groves selected Hanford, Washington
as the site for the production of plutonium. Plutonium was identified on February 24, 1941 by Glenn
T. Seaborg's research group. It was discovered that plutonium is two times a likely to produce
fission than uranium. Before General Groves decided to create a plutonium processing plant in
Hanford, three production reactors were already built by engineers and the University of Chicago
(atomicarchive.com). Hanford was the largest plutonium production reactor ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The key idea in implosion assembly is to compress a subcritical spherical, fissionable mass by using
specially designed high explosives. Implosion works by initiating the detonation of the explosives
on their outer surface, so that the detonation wave moves inward. Careful design allows the creation
of a smooth, symmetrical implosion shock wave. This shock wave is transmitted to the fissionable
core and compresses it, raising the density to the point of supercriticality
(nuclearweaponarchive.org). The issue with implosion is that the detonation of the bomb must form
a symmetrical shock wave to evenly compress the plutonium core. This caused a problem for the
scientists at Los Alamos. The scientists there then thought of a lense. The theory was that a lense
focuses light, so why can it not focus a blast wave.(?) So therefor the scientists constructed a lense
made out of explosives. The lense of explosives could precisely compress a solid sphere of
plutonium into a supercritical state, starting the chain reaction (blog.nuclearsecrecy.com). By the
Spring of 1945 the scientists at Los Alamos were producing compressed explosions that were
smooth and symmetrical, so Oppenheimer scheduled a test for the new bomb

The Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki
Nuclear Paper: The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
World War Two is arguably the most famous war in world history. It is remembered as a very tragic
and influential historical event across the globe. Many countries joined the war at different times,
but the general start date has been narrowed to the period of time between 1931 and 1939. The war
was primarily between two main powers; the Axis nations, consisting of Nazi Germany, Italy, and
Japan, and the Allied nations, led by Britain and Commonwealth nations, the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics and the United States of America. Controversial acts of war were performed on
all sides, though one of the most memorable and still debated of these was the nuclear bombing of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan in the summer of 1945.
There were two bombs used, one for each city. The first was a Uranium fission bomb coined "Little
Boy" [see figure 1] that was dropped from the Enola Gay B–29 bomber on Hiroshima at 8:15 am on
August 6, 1945. Little Boy was 10 feet long, 28 inches wide, and weighed 9,700 pounds. It
contained high enriched uranium or "Oralloy" as fuel. The bomb was dropped via parachute by
Commander Paul Tibbet and exploded 2,000 feet above Hiroshima. According to The Atomic
Heritage Foundation, only 1.38% of the uranium fuel actually fissioned; yet the explosive force
released was equivalent to approximately 15 kilotons of TNT. The explosion wiped out 90% of
Hiroshima and an estimated 80,000 people were either

The Atomic Bomb Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki
Fearful cries spread through the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as the atomic bombs were
dropped. Thousands of people were killed instantly, with the rest left critically injured. Eventually, it
was measured that 135,000 people were killed as a result of these bombs. We know that many
people were killed. But how and why were the atomic bombs created? Who decided to use them?
These questions all contribute to the fact that the atomic bombs impacted the world greatly. It all
started when World War II began in 1939. "Some scientists believed that Nazi Germany was
building an atomic bomb. As a result, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ordered the United States
build one first." (Grolier Online) During the war, it was revealed that German physicists learned
how to split an atom. Two scientists, Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi, decided to notify the
president of the dangers that the Allies will face if atomic technology is finalized by the Axis
powers. Even though both warned Roosevelt of the dangers, he did not find it necessary to start a
project. Eventually, in late 1941, the Manhattan project was created. Its purpose was to build an
atomic bomb. The first atomic bomb was created at a laboratory located in New Mexico. It split a
special kind of uranium called U–235 into two pieces. The pieces were not big enough to cause a
chain reaction; but, they were brought together in a gun barrel. This created supercritical mass, and
the mass would explode instantly. This was how the

A Synthesis and Response of Two Articles Concerning...
Modern concerns about global warming have rekindled ideas about nuclear power in the United
States but one concern still remains: what is to be done with the waste? Right now most spent
nuclear fuel is stored in large casks at the plants where it was used with plans in the works for a
common location to store the waste for long periods of time. Long term storage is not the only
option, technology exists to take this spent nuclear fuel and remove the unused plutonium and
uranium from the waste products to create more fuel. The remaining waste would be stored in a long
term facility as discussed above. This process is highly controversial due to economic and safety
concerns, but could increase the capacity of a long term storage facility. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Bastin also acknowledges the potential for large amounts of plutonium to fall into the wrong hands,
but asserts that if a reprocessing plant is well managed, unlike plants of the past, the security of the
nuclear material is not a difficult issue to control. On the subject of exposure, Bastin uses the
example of the first reprocessing plant built for the United States government by DuPont. This
design was built to contain all reprocessing equipment and materials in order to limit radiation
exposure to employees. The main disagreement between the two authors lies in the economics of the
reprocessing of spent fuel. In his article, Bastin discusses a reprocessing facility that would have
been built in the early 1980s by DuPont that was based on the initial success of the pilot plant built
for the U.S. Government. Using the outline of these successes, Bastin estimates that the cost of
reprocessing at such a plant would cost $250 per kilogram of waste, as opposed to $1,000 per
kilogram at French and British plants or even the $5,000 to $15,000 per kilogram at similar Japanese
facilities. Bastin claims that the foreign reprocessing plants did not implement the ideas of DuPont's
original plant in their design which would have significantly lowered the cost of reprocessing. The
biggest economic cost, according to Bastin, comes from not reprocessing fuel, mainly because the
reprocessing of fuel allows for waste to remain radioactive for a shorter period

A Scientific Breakthrough That Changed The Face Of...
A scientific breakthrough that changed the face of international and domestic warfare forever was
named the Manhattan Project (1942). The Manhattan Project (1942) was under the direction of
physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer. Its focus was to create a bomb using the expulsion of atomic
energy. This secret operation where they built and assembled the first atomic bomb was located in
Los Alamos, New Mexico. With the creation of such a device of destruction no one imaged it would
lead to the deaths of almost 300,000 Japanese people. With such a huge breakthrough many events
lead up to and followed the Manhattan Project (1942) but none compared to how it shaped our
world as we know it.
The Manhattan Project had many hands involved in fields of engineering, physics etc. but the leader
of the project was J. Robert Oppenheimer (1904–1967). Many might think that Albert Einstein was
the head of the project or a main figure in this huge secret operation. However, Albert Einstein only
brought up the idea of building the bomb because of the events occurring in Germany. Einstein sent
a letter to President Roosevelt warning him of the soon to come atomic warfare that could be
waging across the world. With this news President Roosevelt setup, the Manhattan Project and put
in charge the brilliant physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer.
Hargittai (2012) said that once J. Robert Oppenheimer became the leader of the Manhattan Project
he was forever would be forever known as the "father of the atomic

Plutonium Missing Magnet
Being a metal, plutonium should technically be magnetic, however, all evidence and studies up to
this point in time have shown the exact opposite. A team at Los Alamos National Laboratory
(https://www.lanl.gov/) have found where this missing magnetism actually it.
But there are plenty of metals that don't stick to a magnet.
Yes, that's true, though 'magnetic' in this sense means something a little different. Metals that don't
stick to magnets are known as 'non–ferrous metals'. Some of these metals include copper, aluminum,
lead, and nickel along with alloys such as brass. These metals share many similarities, but the one
that keeps them from sticking to magnets is the fact that they don't have trace amounts of iron in
them. The iron is what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Magnetic in this sense refers to the atomic magnetic state.
Plutonium's Odd State and Missing Magnetism
Marc Janoschek (http://www.lanl.gov/discover/news–stories–archive/2014/November/janoschek–
wolfram–prandl–prize.php) of the Los Alamos Lab says that, on the atomic level, each atom of a
metal has a set number of electrons that orbit the nucleus that never changes. This set number of
electrons is referred to as the metal in its 'ground state'. The neutrons and electrons both have a
magnetic field that creates an opportunity for the atom to be aligned in another magnetic field.
However, when plutonium's ground state was first measured, it was found that its ground state could
consist of four, five, or six electrons. There was no constant amount of electrons in its unaltered,
fixed ground state. Plutonium fluctuates between three different ground states while also
simultaneously being in all three states at the same time. The basis for this theory was first imagined
at Rutgers University in 2007, but thanks to Janoschek and his team, it has been proven correct. The
reason to plutonium's missing magnetism has been

The True Heroes Of World War II
Scientists of the Manhattan Project: The True Heroes of World War II
The morning of August 15, 1945, Americans rejoiced as World War II came to an end after Japan
had been bombed twice by atomic bombs which completely decimated the cities of Hiroshima and
Nagasaki. Most people know this would be the only nuclear attack ever made in history, but what
people do not know would be who created these nuclear weapons, and how they created them. The
Manhattan Project, created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, included the most brilliant scientists
of all time. The President created this project because he obtained information that Germany could
possibly create a nuclear weapon. Essentially, this project began working on the idea because the ...
Without this team, America would not have survived if the Germans ever actually created the atomic
bomb, and Roosevelt knew that. The President created this team because of an issue that had been
brought up to him one month before. Albert Einstein (a future scientist to work on the Manhattan
Project) sent a letter explaining that German scientists had discovered something unimaginable. It
stated:
In the course of the last four months it has been made probable––through the work of Joliot in
France as well as Fermi and Szilard in America––that it may become possible to set up a nuclear
chain reaction in a large mass of Uranium, by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of
new radium–like elements would be generated. Now it appears almost certain that this could be
achieved in the immediate future. (Einstein)
Albert Einstein knew that this could be possible and knew that German scientists had started on
experimenting with the newly found chain reaction in Uranium ore. This shows that Einstein knew
of the dangers of nuclear weapons in the near future and he openly wanted to help the United States
succeed in liberation of the Nazi troops in Europe. Einstein highly recommended Roosevelt to speed
up the experimentation of nuclear. This proves that without the knowledge of Einstein, Germany
would surpass the United States in technological warfare. Roosevelt did not want to fall behind
Germany and be

Analyse Seaborg Research Paper
Glenn Theodore Seaborg was born in Ishpeming, Michigan on April 19, 1912 and died on February
5, 1999. Seaborg went to David Starr Jordan High School in Los Angeles and graduated in 1929 as
valedictorian of his class. He then enrolled in the University of California, Berkeley in 1929. There
he got a degree of Ph.D. in Chemistry in 1937 for his love and interest for science and then became
the assistant of the late G. N. Lewis. He later became an instructor in chemistry, he was then
promoted to Assistant Professor and then to the Professor of Chemistry. Seaborg soon also took
responsibility for the leadership of nuclear chemical research at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.
But from 1942–1946, Seaborg took a leave of absence to work as a member ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The atomic bombs great power is created with a chain reaction of the uranium–235's atom. This
isotope is highly radioactive and gives off much radiation and because it is an isotope, the atom is no
longer stable. Inside the atom there are four forces occurring, the electromagnetic, gravitational,
strong and weak force. The electromagnetic force forces protons, from the nucleus, and electrons,
from the electron cloud, to attract and also keeps the electrons orbiting around the nucleus. The
strong force is greater than the electromagnetic force and acts on the quarks and gluons that make up
the protons in the nucleus. The strong force prevents protons that get too close to each other in the
nucleus from repelling. The gravitational force is what keeps both the protons and neutrons in the
nucleus due to their large mass and close distance. The force of the nucleus is the strongest force in
the world and the nucleus of uranium is in much strain because of the critical mass and gravitational
force. When one more neutron is added to the nucleus, it splits, this process is called fission. When
the atom splits it causes a chain reaction, and releases three neutrons which each hit three more
uranium–235 atoms and triggers more atoms to be split. This process occurs to all atoms in the
bomb in only seconds and until there are no more unstable atoms to be split. The weak force in an
atom is what allows them to be unstable. The force acts on the quarks and gluons in protons and
changes them into neutrons or an isotope which is unstable and is capable for fission. Albert
Einstein contributed to the Manhattan Project and building the atomic bomb with his famous
equation E=MC2. This equation shows how to find the amount of energy an atom contains. And
during the explosion of the atomic bomb, an immense amount of energy was given off by the split
atoms which is found based on the equation. In the final

The Manhattan Project : The York Project
Mackenzie Mylod
Mrs. Wikstrom
English 1 Honors – Period 3
30 November 2014
The Manhattan Project Everyone has secrets, even the U.S. Government. The Manhattan project was
one of the many secrets the Government kept from the United States until after the damage was
done. What was the Manhattan Project? The manhattan project was a multi–billion dollar enterprise,
2.2 billion to be exact, that provided U.S. Military forces with the single most destructive weapon
known to man; the atomic bomb. The project was to be a kept at high secrecy from Germany, Japan,
and Russia. But what is strange is that not only was the bomb to kept from foreign countries, but
also some parts of the Executive government which is how it adapted the code name that ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some other services the Manhattan Project did for the United States is offering so many jobs for
people all around the world. The enterprise also upped our national security. The Manhattan Project
has given Americans an entirely new way of viewing new innovative projects going in in our
country. The Manhattan has caused both good and bad effects on the world as we know it today. The
Manhattan project was a top secret government enterprise that was put in place to create the worlds
first atomic bomb. Overall, The Manhattan Project was a 2.2 billion dollar program in which was a
collaborative effort between both British and also American scientists. The project was put into
place to create the worlds first ever atomic bomb and to use the bomb in World War II. The projects
official start was in 1943 and it 's official completion was in 1945. The Manhattan Project, also,
employed over 130,000. The bomb was to be under strict secrecy from Germany, Japan, Russia, and
even some parts of America 's executive system.
The secrecy was so important because in order for the bomb to obtain the full effect America was
going for, the project had to be kept from Japan and any surrounding countries. All of the project 's
secret facilities were along the East coast seeing as though the "home base" was in Manhattan, New
York. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers director, Major General Leslie

Why Did The Atomic Bomb Develop
Since the beginning of time, the idea of nuclear energy to be effectively and efficiently used to
benefit our world today has always seemed as a surrogate source of energy. Elements such as,
Uranium, Plutonium, and more are being studied every day. But with the rise of World War 2 in
September 1st, 1939, America found a new use for nuclear energy. With the development of the
atomic bomb, or atom bomb, America wielded this source of power and used it as a weapon on
Japan. America unleashed the power of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan, and Nagasaki, Japan
on August 6 and 9 of 1945. But how was America able to develop this bomb? And what caused the
development of it? Most importantly, How does the atom bomb work? It all begins with a letter. ...
Albert Einstein developed an equation for this process, E=mc^2. To summarize this equation, energy
is lost or produced when a change in mass occurs. So the process of nuclear fission begins with a
neutron. The neutron then strikes the Uranium nucleus, causing the Uranium nucleus to split into
two Uranium nuclei. By splitting the nucleus, it also produces more neutrons, and with those
neutron, it continues to split the Uranium nucleus. From this uncontrolled process of fission, nuclear
weapons can be made. This process is known as a nuclear chain reaction. The energy released
(exothermic reaction) from this chain reaction is what powered the atomic bombs. In conclusion, the
discovery of nuclear power was inevitable. Since World War 2, studies of nuclear power continue to
grow. The atomic bombs created by America revolutionized science today. But based on what The
Manhattan Project was able to accomplish in the 1940s, the atomic bomb must have been further
developed and weaponized, threatening our world today. On the other hand, scientists have
developed others ways to use fission to our advantage and develop a source of energy. With that
being said, one could only hope the nuclear power will be used for good and only

Research Paper On Plutonium
Properties of plutonium
Plutonium is radioactive. Freshly prepared plutonium metal has a silvery bright color but takes on a
dull gray, yellow or olive green colour when oxidized in air. A large piece of plutonium feels warm
to the touch because of the energy given off ,larger pieces can produce enough heat to boil water. At
room temperature alpha–form plutonium (the most common form) is as hard and brittle as cast iron.
It can be alloyed with other metals to form the room–temperature stabilized delta form, which is soft
and ductile. Unlike most metals, plutonium is not a good conductor of heat or electricity. It has a
low melting point and an unusually high boiling point. Plutonium also won't stick to a magnet.
atomic number is 94.
how

Plutonium Research Paper
Eight–four percent, 84% of energy used globally comes from fossil fuels. These include oil, natural
gas, coal and nuclear energy. All of which are very pollutive and are nonrenewable resources. You
can see how this would be a problem for us as a species and our survival. For something that we rely
on so heavily for food, medicine, government and so many other important things. I had to know
what scientists were doing to further their research on separating themselves from something we've
relied on since we discover how to harness power itself. i as well as many others understand It's time
for us as humans to further our evolution and develop cleaner, more powerful energy so I set out to
find the best energy alternatives and highlight what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The largest benefit I could find information on is that it can produce ethanol, which is a major
steping point between fossil fuels and renewable clean energy. Another benefit is acting as a sort of
battery storing the Sun's energy without the time and resources of making a battery and plants don't
age and have to be replaced like battery's. Plants also can be burned to produce a heat energy that
very few other renewable resources to offer. Some downsides are that they are plants and they can
die not to mention many other animals rely on plants to

Argument Against Nuclear Energy Research
Imagine a world without electricity, there would be no computers, televisions, or easily accessible
light. With the ever increasing need for energy in our daily lives the importance for efficient
methods for generating energy is prominent. A widely used method for generating electricity is
through nuclear energy, which is not only a more environmentally friendly option compared to the
most common method through fossil fuels, but it also produces high amounts of electricity.
However, one of the main issues with using nuclear energy is the radioactive waste which takes long
periods of times to decay which is due to the fuel it uses, uranium. A technological innovation that
has recently been considered as a viable alternative fuel to uranium, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This occurs when there is a severe nuclear accident causing damage to the core which in turn causes
overheating causing severe damage due to the release of radioactive materials into the environment.
This is a major concern due to previous devastating incidents such as Chernobyl or Fukushima.
However, Thorium reactors completely solve against which was stated in a study done by SP's MAI
(2015) saying that a thorium nuclear reactor has no possibility of a meltdown like the Fukushima
reactor because thorium cannot sustain a nuclear chain reaction without priming, as a result of which
fission stops by default. A global concern that has been protected against by treaties such as the
Non–Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is the concern of nuclear weapons. Traditional Uranium Reactors
that run on the Uranium–Plutonium, U–Pu, cycle have a problem with the Plutonium that is
produced which can easily be separated from the radioactive waste which could then be used to
create nuclear bombs. Since Thorium reactors do not produce any Plutonium they avoid the problem
of by–products being used to create nuclear weapons. In the imminent future the world's energy
needs must be fulfilled somehow, but with so many disadvantages to more common energy sources
such as fossil fuels the obvious alternative is nuclear energy. However, the traditional Uranium
reactor won't do, Thorium reactors with all the various advantages over the glaring deficiencies of
Uranium reactors. With Thorium reactors being able to be safer by having less toxic waste or
preventing against the creation of nuclear weapons, Thorium reactors are a promising energy source
for the

Uranium Vs Plutonium Research Paper
They have always used Uranium and Plutonium isotopes in nuclear power plants to create energy.
These isotopes have lots of hazards however. For example, they run the risk of having a nuclear
meltdown. There is another type of nuclear power that is a lot less risky and it is called Thorium.
Not only is thorium less risky, it is also more abundant in nature than Uranium. They were testing
Thorium at the next generation nuclear power plant I was working at. You might be asking, if it is
more abundant and less risky, why are they just now using it? The idea for using thorium has been
around since 1960. In 1973, they were proposals for research in the United States. These proposals
didn't fall through though and that is because of nuclear weapons. During this time, was the Cold
War, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These control rods are not guaranteed to work. They can be affected in a reactor error. That is why
older reactors could overheat and lose control causing an accident. A thorium reactor can be
instantly shut down by turning off the stream of neutrons. Shutting down the cycle means stopping
the breeding of Th–232 into U–233. This will keep things from getting any more out of hand. Also,
the thorium reactors can be created to function in a liquid state while the uranium and plutonium
reactors cannot. When the older reactors were heading towards a meltdown, there was no way to
stop the fission reactions. A thorium reactor design called LFTR has a "plug" at the bottom of the
reactor that melts if the temperature of the reacting fuel gets too high. If this were to happen, all the
hot liquid would fall into a container and the reaction will stop. That keeps things from getting out
of control. Thorium has other benefits to. Some of those being: less nuclear waste, easier to obtain,
and it is harder to create a bomb with (most would say that's

New Mexico: The Invention Of The Atomic Age
After the first atomic explosion, Robert Oppenheimer quoted the Baghavad Vida and stated "Now I
am become Death, the destroyer of worlds." From the first ray of light on the day the sun rose twice
on July 16, 1945, everyone involved the construction of "The Gadget" knew the world would never
be the same. However, New Mexico played a major role in the advent of the atomic age even before
the first testing of the Atomic Bomb. The reason New Mexico played a large role in the advent of
the atomic age is because Los Alamos is the site of the bomb's development, the bomb was tested in
the remote southern New Mexico desert, and the atomic research in the following years in New
Mexico.
As yet another global war waged, it soon became evident to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The atomic age created an entirely new field of science studied to this day, and brought about
weapons with the ability to change our world in a matter of

Building An Atomic Bomb Of The United States Entered Into...
Manhattan Project
Nuclear research all started when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, and the United States entered
into World War II. When the United States realized that Germany attempted to build an atomic
bomb, Americans began to concentrate on their research about creating an atomic bomb more
heavily. President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the Manhattan Project, which included a group of
top scientists, under General Leslie R. Groves, who worked around the clock to try to develop an
atomic bomb within three years (Beyer, Page 15). The Americans and the British combined their
efforts to research the development of the bomb and created plants and factories to work in the
atomic bomb. They created plants for three separate processes: electromagnetic, gaseous diffusion,
and thermal diffusion. These plants helped create the plutonium and uranium 235 needed to
manufacture the atomic bomb ("Key Issues: Nuclear Weapons: History: Pre Cold War: Manhattan
Project.", Web). The secrecy of the Manhattan Project was essential in order to develop the atomic
bombs to end World War II. The United States and Great Britain kept the development of the atomic
bomb a secret. In order to keep the secret, Groves spread the work out between laboratories so that
the people working on the bomb could not figure out they were manufacturing. The members of the
Manhattan Project asked the scientists questions about the bomb, and they gave answers back, but
they did not know what the

The Atomic Bomb : What's History Of The Atomic Bomb
THE ATOMIC BOMB
What is it? What's it's history?
An atomic or nuclear bomb is a bomb that causes destruction using the power from the rapid release
of nuclear energy by fission of an atomic nuclei, causing damage through heat, blast, and
radioactivity. Uranium and plutonium are the most popular ingredients in an atomic bomb. If an A–
bomb is dropped, death is highly likely and radiation poisoning is almost certain if one is caught
within a radius of 0–3 kilometers from a 1 megaton airburst. The 50% chance of death from the blast
extends out to about 8 kilometers. The atomic bomb was only used twice to kill human beings: it
was dropped on the Japanese people in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945. On August 6th, 1945 the
United States dropped the first bomb on the city of Hiroshima. This bomb was known as "little boy".
The Second Bomb dropped on Nagasaki, was nicknamed "Fat Man". When the "Fat Man" was
dropped and exploded with a blast yield equivalent to 21 kilotons of TNT at an altitude of 1,650
feet. A total of about 199,000 people died in the bombings of both Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Who created the Atomic bomb? Several brilliant physicists and chemists that were a part of the
Manhattan project are responsible for building the Atomic bomb. But one man in particular was
nicknamed the "Father Of The Atomic Bomb", his name is Robert Oppenheimer. Mr. Oppenheimer
(1904–1967) was an American theoretical physicist. In the Manhattan Project, he was the director of
the Los Alamos Laboratory and responsible for the research and design of an atomic bomb. The
Manhattan Project was launched in the fall of 1942 and Oppenheimer was considered an exceptional
theoretical physicist, and was already considering the possibility of creating an atomic bomb.
Oppenheimer was a student of J.J. Thomson, who had been awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in
Physics for detecting the electron. On July 16th, 1945, at Trinity site near Alamogordo, New
Mexico, the world's first atomic bomb was detonated. On August 6th 1945 the first atomic bomb
was dropped on Hiroshima. Just three days after the first bombing, The United States dropped a
second atomic bomb on Nagasaki on August 9th.
How does it work? Nuclear or Atomic bombs are weapons of mass

Arthur Holly Research Paper
Arthur Holly Compton was one of the many physicists to take part in the production of the
Manhattan Project. Arthur Compton was born on Saturday, September 10, 1892 in Wooster, Ohio.
Arthur was raised by his mother, Otelia Compton, and his father, Elias Compton. As a child he grew
up surrounded by books, so reading sparked an interest in science, specifically astronomy and
powered flight. Later in life Arthur graduated high school in his hometown, Wooster, Ohio and
moved onto college. Compton went to the College of Wooster and got his bachelor's degree in
science. Then he spent another few years in Princeton University getting his masters degree in
physics, and went back again for his PhD in the physics field. Although just going to school and ...
Electromagnetic radiation is the term used to describe the different types of energy that are released
into space. The Compton effect is when high energy protons collide (x–rays) with a target and
transfer energy to a single electron. This research of his supported Albert Einstein's theory of light,
E=mc². On behalf of his research and the discovery of the Compton Effect he was awarded the
Nobel Prize in 1927 for his work in physics. For being such a valuable physicist Arthur was
recognized by the government and recruited to work on the top secret assignment, The Manhattan
Project. The Manhattan Project was a research and developmental project to create the world's first
nuclear bomb. Arthur Compton died on Thursday, March 15, 1962 in Berkeley, California because
of an intracerebral hemorrhage (an unpredicted accident when a diseased blood vessel ruptures in
the brain creating damage or death). Arthur Compton's doing on the Manhattan Project with using
atoms to create the first nuclear bomb will forever be an important part of

Albert Einstein Dropping The Atomic Bombs
Albert Einstein did not directly participate in the manufacturing of the atomic bomb, but his research
and theories were critical to advancing its development. The atomic bombs built back during World
War 2 that were dropped on Japan depended on nuclear fission to create their explosions. Nuclear
fission is the splitting of a heavy atom into smaller pieces. This process releases an enormous
amount of energy. The bomb (Little Boy) dropped over Hiroshima worked by firing a mass of
uranium–235 into another mass of uranium–235, which created a chain reaction. The bomb (Fat
Man) dropped over Nagasaki worked by placing plutonium–239 into the center of a hollowed–out
sphere of intense explosive devices. These explosive devices would be triggered

Top Nuclear Security Challenge Facing The World
Top Nuclear Security challenge facing the world in The 21st century
Ahmed Alghamdi
Summary
About two–thousands metric tons of high unreached uranium are spread around the world in
militaries facilities. Securing those facilities is step number one for a world free of nuclear weapons.
Also, Terror group threats should be taken into account for a safer world. The proliferation of
nuclear weapons considered a threat to the globe. However, huge steps were taken by the
international committee to eliminate nuclear weapons. Finally, high enriched uranium could be
replaced to nuclear fuel that generating clean energy and making the world more peaceful.
I. Introduction
More than 2,000 metric tons of weapons–grade materials are spread all ... Show more content on
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However, many countries started to seek for these kind of weapons. After about three decades of the
first use of nuclear attack, a nuclear power plant major accident occurred in Chernobyl, causes a
huge amounts of radioactive particles to spread around the plant. Due to that, the surrounded city
was evacuated and a lot of people was contaminated and some of them died [2].
II. Securing Nuclear Materials Facilities
The first step in nuclear–free world plan is highly secure the weapons–grade materials such as high
enriched uranium and plutonium. Even thought, Y–12 nuclear weapons production facility was
intruded by protesters back in 2012. This facility is highly protected and secured. Nevertheless, the
protesters made it to the main building. Fortunately, they didn't mean to harm anything. The point of
the protesters is to send a message that peace is much better than war [3]. Y–12 break is a proof that
nuclear facilities still have lake of secure and surveillance. Moreover, Nuclear weapons facilities are
spread in forty countries around the world. Because of that, Increasing the securing standards of
nuclear weapons facilities are mandatory to achieve soon.
The international community since Nuclear security summit in 2010 have made huge steps towards

securing and elimination of nuclear materials. Furthermore, many countries improved the nuclear
materials facilities secure. Other eliminated the high enriched

World Peace and Nuclear Powers
World Peace and Nuclear Weapons By Naseer Ahmad Virk This article deals with one of the most
debatable discussions of all time. Read on to know more about nuclear weapons pros and cons.
Nuclear weapons have been in this world since World War 2 and have been used, till date only twice
and that too in the same war we are speaking about. The only country to use nuclear weapons was
the United States of America. The US dropped two atomic nuclear bombs on the Japanese cities of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the world witnessed the power of the man–made nuclear weapons. The
nuclear weapons effects were such that millions of innocent people were killed and this brought the
end of the World War 2. Scientists have long debated on the pros ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Nobody can predict how much dangerous the world will become when there would be no nuclear
bombs. It is probably impossible to check the number of nuclear bombs in the world. Defense
experts also say that it wouldn't be a wise decision to scrap all nuclear weapons when hostile states
like Iran are about to acquire a nuclear bomb. Disadvantages: Use of nuclear weapons is immoral.
We should try to prevent their growth. More the number of nuclear weapons made, more are the
risks it poses to human life. Maintaining a nuclear bomb is very expensive. It takes a large share of
the country's defense budget. Countries are more likely to have a civil war in which they can use
nuclear weapons against each other, which could prove disastrous to the entire globe. Possession of
nuclear weapons is an outdated manly symbol. Countries like Germany, Spain and Australia don't
have any nuclear weapons, but are still popular as the US and UK. This elimination of nuclear
weapons is practically impossible, but if we take a sincere effort, we might be able to make this
planet free from nuclear weapons. I hope this article on nuclear weapons pros and cons helped you
understand the various aspects of this destructive

Persuasive Essay Over After Nuclear Waste

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