1. Carmeltia Huskins Libra de gramatica

2. Table of Contents Present Stem Changers Irregular “yo” Saber vs. Conocer Reflexives “Se” Impersonal Diphthongs with accents Verbs like uir/guir, cer/cir, ger/gir Hace + Time + Que + Presente Imperfect

3. PresentTo use the present tense of a regular verb, replace the ar/er/ir ending with a conjugated ending. “Ar” Yo- O Tu- As Ud. El/ella– A Nosotros- Amos Uds. Ellos/ as- An “Er” Yo- O Tu- Es Ud. El/ella- E Nosotros- imos Uds. Ellos/ as- En

4. Stem ChangersAll stems change except for Nosotros O -> UE E -> IE E -> I Pensar Poder Pide -Pienso -Piensas -Piensa -Pensamos -Piensan -Puedo -Puedes -Puede -Podemos -Pueden -Pido -Pides -Pide -Pedimos -Piden

5. Irregular “Yo”Irregular verbs that the yo form is different from the rest

6. Saber vs. ConocerBoth mean “to know” something. Saber -Se -Sabes -Sabe -Sabemos Saben Conocer -Conozco -Conoces -Conoce -Conocemos -Conocen

7. ReflexivesWhat the action is being reflected upon. Acostarse: To go to bed -Me Acosto -Te Acostas -Se Acosta -NosAcostamos -Se Acostan Llamarse: To be called Levantarse: To get up Ponerse: To put on Cansarse: To get tired Sentarse: To sit down

8. “Se” ImpersonalNot one specific thing or person is being specified. Very general.

9. Diphthongs with AccentsWhen a weak and a strong vowel or two weak vowels combine to create a single syllable.

10. Verbs like… uir/guir, cer/cir, and ger/gir

11. Hace+ Time + Que + Present tense This is used to show the length of time that an action took place.

12. Imperfect : This action has not been completed. There is no definite end or beginning. Like a continuous movie. Trigger words Nunca – Never A veces – Sometimes Todo el Tiempo – all of the time