ROLE OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION Public participation Stakeholders in spatial planning A continuum of participation History of Public participation-Global Advocacy Planning Indian context public participation Amendments toward public participation Current Scenario-Indian Context Merits of Public participation Importance of Public Participation.

1. ROLE OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
Satish Kumar (21n78e@gmail.com)
Architect ,Urban Planner ,Researcher, G.C.A ,Lucknow,
Jamia Millia Islamia-Delhi, G..B.U-Greater Noida

2. Public participation
• Public participation is the involvement of
people in the creation and management of
their built and natural environments.
• Its strength is that it cuts across tradition
professional boundaries and cultures.
• Political principle or practice, and may also
recognised as a right.
• Practice of stakeholder engagement and
popular participation.
• Seeks and facilitates the involvement of
those potentially affected by or interested
in a decision.

3. Public participation
• The people affected by a decision have a right to
be involved in the decision-making process.
• The public's contribution will influence the
decision.
• Part of “people centred” or "human centric"
principles.
• Way of empowerment and as vital part of
democratic governance.
• ensure good solutions that pay attention to
everyone’s needs
• enable all affected and interested parties to
present their views
• promote creativity and enthusiasm, and be an
arena for democratic participation in the local
community
• provide a solid basis for decision-making

4. Stakeholders in spatial planning

5. A continuum of participation

6. History of Public participation-Global
• Karl Mannhiem’s in his book “Man and Society in an Age of
Reconstruction (1940)”; first emphasised the importance of Public
Participation in its crudest form.
• He proposed the power quotient for the government and Action for
the citizens.
• Frederick Hayek lead an opposition against the authoritative role of
government in Mannheim’s theories.
• Planning was then defined in two context—the process (e.g.
organizing public participation) or the content (e.g. designing policy to
control sprawl).
• Evolution of Advocacy Planning.

7. Advocacy Planning
• Advocacy planning is about the development of.
• An Overall Change Strategy
 long-term plan that embodies vision and reflects
where we are, where we want to go and how we
can get there.
• A Campaign
 medium-term plan with activities aimed at
influencing the policy environment and public
opinion.
• Tactics, Actions, or Activities
 short-term activities within a larger change
strategy, designed for a specific moment and
opportunity.
• Advocacy planning is a continual process. If
some groups have not been involved in the initial
stages of planning, they can be included later
when plans are being reviewed and modified.

8. Indian context public participation
• During British Regime: Indian Leaders pressed for Autonomy at
National Level.
• After Independence: ‘Directive in article 40’ instated State to take
steps to organise Village Panchayats (Unit of Self Govt.)
• Rajeev Gandhi’s initiative: Notwithstanding cause Local units not
functioning as units of representative democracy, elections not
held for several years.
• Until constitutional Amendment act: Municipalities functioned as
agencies of civil services. Panchayats functioned as agencies of
rural development schemes.
• Micro level planning and Development required.

9. Amendments toward public participation
• 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 (Rural)
• Hierarchy in administration (3 tier system): Village panchayat,
District Panchayat and Intermediate (Janpad Panchayat)..
• Plans for economic development and social justice. Power to
impose taxes, dutys, tolls.. Grant in aid to Panchayats.
• Election Commission: Gram Sabha.
• 74th Amendment Act, 1993 (Urban)
• Hierarchy in administration (3 tier system): Nagar Panchayat for
transitional areas, Municipal councils for smaller urban areas,
Municipal Corporation for metropolis.
• Town Planning: Regulation of land use and control of Buildings.
Slum improvement and upgradation.
• Planning Committee: DP for Metropolitan areas
• District Planning Committee for draft DP of District areas.
• State Finance Commission

10. Current Scenario-Indian Context
• Setting up of Ward Committees.
• Rural areas: Panchayat Raj Institutions.
• Community Participatory Law (CPL)
mandated under JnNURM.
• Ward Committees in Mumbai
• MoUD: 12 States have enacted CPL.
• Viz. AP, Assam, Gujarat, Haryana, Kerala,
MP, MH, Rajasthan, Bihar, Tripura, UP and
WB.
• Proposal for Sabha areas.

11. Methods
• Data Collection as Public Involvement.
Interviews.
• Surveys.
• File Reviews & Structured
Observation.
• Case Studies.
• Small Group Methods, (focus group,
Delphi, Charette, etc.).
• Secondary data, (e.g., Agency data).
• Reviews of Studies.
• Content Analyses.
• Diary Methods.
• Ethnographic Methods, (Field Studies,
Participant Observation, Tester Audits).

12. Merits of Public participation
• Improve qualities of decision.
• Minimizing cost and delays
• Increase ease of implementation.
• Avoiding worst case of confliction.
• Opportunities for mutual education of everyone
involved.

13. Importance of Public Participation.
• Opportunities for mutual education of everyone
involved.
• Decision makers, in a relatively short amount of
time, often can get additional information,
technical expertise, creativity .
• Taking part in effective public participation
encourages civic and community responsibility in
meaningful ways.