Community development

1. GROUP 3
BAGENDA MOSES 21/u/24140/HTG
ODESO JOSEPH 21/U/24117/HTG
KIBERU SHAFIC 21/U/24099/HTG
ASIIMWE ANN21/U/24081/HTG
ASIIMWE BOAZ21/U/24083/HTG

2. Community participation and
development
• It has been written by many scholars that communities should
be given opportunities to participate in matters that
contribute to the development of their community however
we have to understand what is meant by community
participation and what it means for members of a given
community to be the front runners in the development of
their own.

3. • By definition community Participation
describes active involvement by people in civic
and developmental organizations, political
parties and local government, with the
purpose of influencing decisions that affect
their lives (Roodt, 2001).

4. • In other wards community participation is the
involvement of people of a community in projects
in order to solve their own problems. People
cannot be forced to participate but rather are
given the opportunity
• Today it is common knowledge and generally
accepted that community participation is one of
the basic pillars of any successful community
development project.

5. TYPES OF COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION.
• Self -mobilization (Collective action):
• People participate by taking initiatives
independently of external institutions to
change systems. They develop contacts with
external institutions for resources and
technical advice they need, but retain control
over how resources are used

6. • Functional participation (Cooperation):
• Community participation is seen by external
agencies as a means to achieve project goals.
People participate by forming groups to meet
predetermined project objectives; they may be
involved in decision making, but only after major
decisions have already been made by external
agents.

7. • Participation for material incentives:
• Communities participate by contributing
resources such as labour, in return for material
incentives (e.g. food, cash). It is very common
to see this called participation, yet people
have no stake in prolonging practices when
the incentives end

8. • Participation by consultation:
• Communities participate by being consulted or by
answering questions. External agents define
problems and information gathering processes,
and so control analysis. Such a consultative
process does not concede any share in decision-
making, and professionals are under no
obligation to take on board people's views

9. • Active participation
• is open and community members take part
actively in all stages of the project. Decision
making as well as other vital activities, such as
management as well as monitoring and
evaluation of the projects, are done by the
people.

10. • Passive participation,
• the community maintains a distance and
never intervenes in the activities; they are told
what is going to happen or what has
happened already.

11. • Interactive participation
• is when people take part in joint analysis as
well as the planning process and the members
of the target community improve their
existing structures as well taking charge of
their development process

12. • Aims of community participation
• The community develops self- reliance
• The community develops critical awareness
• The community develops Problem solving
skills

13. • Community participation in the development
process
• The community development process is a
cycle wherein participation should take place
at every stage of the development initiative in
order for the interventions to be effective.

14. • Community mobilization
• Mobilizing the target community and
identifying problems. Through mobilizing and
raising awareness, interventions sustainable
development is identified. Thereafter,

15. • Community planning takes place,
• Is a process through which the community
identifies its future vision. The visioning
process establishes a desired end state for the
community and a vision for the future towards
which they strive.

16. • Implementation
• Is the stage when the actual necessary action
and procedures are undertaken in order to
meet the goals and objectives.

17. • Monitoring and evaluation
• Monitoring and evaluation are vital in
community development because the
community is able to identify whether they
are taking the necessary steps towards
fulfilment of their goals and objectives

18. • Advantages of the people-centered approach
• Empowerment:
• Development is not about the delivery of goods
to a passive citizenry. It is about active
participation and growing empowerment.
Enabling people gain control over the factors and
decisions that shape their lives. It is the process
by which they increase their assets and attributes
and build

19. • Capacity building:
• refers to enabling institutions to be more
effective and efficient in the process of
identifying, implementing, monitoring and
evaluating of developmental projects
• It is a mechanism to enable local people to
determine their own values and priorities and act
on their own decisions.

20. • Self-reliance:
• . A people- centred approach enhances self-
reliance in communities. Resources to start an
intervention maybe needed, but continued
support in terms of resources may result in
the collapse of certain projects when funding
is no longer available.

21. • Sustainability of the project:
• Sustainability of any project is crucial since the
development process is continuous. Failure of
a community to take ownership has resulted
in, for instance, vandalism, corruption and
sometimes premature termination of projects
which are supposed to benefit the community.

22. • Collaborative problem solving
• Generally can be accomplished with less
confrontation and fewer hurdles, since
participants understand what opportunities
are available and also whatever resource or
other constraints must be considered.

23. • Disadvantages of community participation
• Community involvement is a time-consuming
endeavor. Finding a proper time and adequate
place to meet is a problem since they are very
many stake holders it may take time to make a
single decision

24. • Community groups become unwieldy. They
are difficult to control. In most cases, they lose
interest and do not follow through on
projects.

25. • It is costly to maintain community groups and
get involvement from a cross-section of
citizens. Community groups become "vested
interest" groups And even some members of
the community may attempt to take over the
projects of the community and make them
their own

26. • Most community persons are not interested in
what happens at their communities.
Therefore, only the interested people get
involved. Community advisory groups never
include the people who should be concerned
partly because of lack of interest from certain
members of the community despite their
capabilities to run certain projects

27. • Community groups usually have an "axe to
grind" with a particular person or group in the
community and this may interfere with the
success of certain projects for example
differences in political affiliations due to tribal
differences etc.

28. • References;
• Gajanayake, Stanley and Gajanayake, Jaya
(1993) Community Empowerment: A
participatory training manual on community
project development. Office of International
Training
• Ahmed, M. Feroze and Jahan, Hasin (2000)
Participatory Management of Low-cost Water
Supply and Sanitation. ITN-Bangladesh.