To provide data for urban planning and its management.

2. Profile
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3. Topic
Urban planning, Sustainable development,
Sustainable architecture, Sustainable city
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4. Content
 Urban planning
 History of urban planning
 Theories of urban planning
 Technical aspects of urban planning
 Urban planner
 Sustainable development
 Sustainable architecture
 Sustainable city

5. Urban planning
 Urban planning is a technical and political process concerned
with the development and design of land use and the built
environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure
passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation,
communications, and distribution networks and the provision
of municipal services to residents and visitors.
 Urban planning deals with physical layout of human
settlements. The primary concern is the public welfare, which
includes considerations of efficiency, sanitation, protection
and use of the environment, as well as effects on social and
economic activities.
 Urban planning is considered an interdisciplinary field that
includes social, engineering and design sciences.
 It is closely related to the field of urban design and some
urban planners provide designs for streets, parks, buildings
and other urban areas. Urban planning is also referred to as
urban and regional planning, regional planning, town
planning, city planning, rural planning, urban development or
some combination in various areas worldwide.

6. Urban planning guides orderly development in urban, suburban and rural
areas. Although predominantly concerned with the planning of settlements
and communities, urban planning is also responsible for the planning and
development of water use and resources, rural and agricultural land, parks
and conserving areas of natural environmental significance.
Enforcement methodologies include governmental zoning, planning
permissions, and building codes, as well as private easements and restrictive
covenants.

7. History of urban planning
 There is evidence of urban planning and designed communities
dating back to the Mesopotamian, Indus Valley, Minoan, and
Egyptian civilizations in the third millennium BCE. Archeologists
studying the ruins of cities in these areas find paved streets that
were laid out at right angles in a grid pattern. The idea of a planned
out urban area evolved as different civilizations adopted it.
 Beginning in the 8th century BCE, Greek city states were
primarily centered on orthogonal (or grid-like) plans.
 Cities in Europe from the 9th to 14th centuries, often grew
organically and sometimes chaotically.
 From the 15th century on, much more is recorded of urban
design and the people that were involved.
 During the Second French Republic, Baron Georges-Eugène
Haussmann, under the direction of Napoleon III, redesigned
the city of Paris into a more modern capital, with long,
straight, wide boulevards.

8.  Planning and architecture went through a paradigm shift at
the turn of the 20th century. The industrialized cities of the
19th century grew at a tremendous rate. The pace and style
of this industrial construction was largely dictated by the
concerns of private business. The evils of urban life for the
working poor were becoming increasingly evident as a matter
for public concern.
 At the beginning of the 20th century, urban planning began to
be recognized as a profession. The Town and Country
Planning Association was founded in 1899 and the first
academic course in Great Britain on urban planning was
offered by the University of Liverpool in 1909.
 . In the 1920s, the ideas of modernism and uniformity began
to surface in urban planning, and lasted until the 1970s. Many
planners started to believe that the ideas of modernism in
urban planning led to higher crime rates and social problems.
Urban planners now focus more on individualism and
diversity in urban centers.

9. Theories of urban planning
Planning theory is the body of scientific concepts,
definitions, behavioral relationships, and
assumptions that define the body of knowledge
of urban planning. There are eight procedural
theories of planning that remain the principal
theories of planning procedure today: the
rational-comprehensive approach, the
incremental approach, the transitive approach,
the communicative approach, the advocacy
approach, the equity approach, the radical
approach, and the humanist or phenomenological
approach.

10. Technical aspects of urban
planning
 Technical aspects of urban planning involve the applying
scientific, technical processes, considerations and features
that are involved in planning for land use, urban design,
natural resources, transportation, and infrastructure. Urban
planning includes techniques such as: predicting population
growth, zoning, geographic mapping and analysis, analyzing
park space, surveying the water supply, identifying
transportation patterns, recognizing food supply demands,
allocating healthcare and social services, and analyzing the
impact of land use.
 Building codes and other regulations dovetail with urban
planning by governing how cities are constructed and used
from the individual level.

11. Urban planner
 An urban planner is a professional who works in the field of urban
planning for the purpose of optimizing the effectiveness of a
community's land use and infrastructure. They formulate plans for
the development and management of urban and suburban areas,
typically analyzing land use compatibility as well as economic,
environmental and social trends.

12.  In developing any plan for a community (whether commercial, residential,
agricultural, natural or recreational), urban planners must consider a wide
array of issues including sustainability, existing and potential pollution,
transport including potential congestion, crime, land values, economic
development, social equity, zoning codes, and other legislation.
 The importance of the urban planner is increasing in the 21st century, as
modern society begins to face issues of increased population growth,
climate change and unsustainable development.
 Some researchers suggest that urban planners around the world work in
different "planning cultures", adapted to their local cities and cultures.

13. Sustainable development
 Sustainable development is the organizing principle for
meeting human development goals while at the same
time sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural
resources and ecosystem services upon which
the economy and society depend.
While the modern concept of
sustainable development is derived
mostly from the 1987 Brundtland
Report, it is also rooted in earlier ideas
about sustainable forest
management and twentieth century
environmental concerns. As the
concept developed, it has shifted to
focus more on economic
development, social development and
environmental protection for future
generations.

14.  The economic development brought by such organized principles
and practices in an economy is called Managed Sustainable
Development (MSD). The concept of sustainable development has
been—and still is—subject to criticism, including the question of
what is to be sustained in sustainable development. It has been
argued that there is no such thing as a sustainable use of a non-
renewable resource, since any positive rate of exploitation will
eventually lead to the exhaustion of earth's finite stock. The United
Nations organized an international conference in Stockholm,
Sweden from 5 to 6 June 1972.

15. Sustainable architecture
 Sustainable architecture is architecture that seeks to
minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings by
efficiency and moderation in the use of materials, energy, and
development space and the ecosystem at large. Sustainable
architecture uses a conscious approach to energy and
ecological conservation in the design of the built environment.
The idea of sustainability, or ecological design, is to ensure
that our actions and decisions today do not inhibit the
opportunities of future generations.

16. Sustainable city
 Sustainable cities, urban sustainability, or eco-city (also "eco city") is
a city designed with consideration for social, economic,
environmental impact, and resilient habitat for existing populations,
without compromising the ability of future generations to experience
the same.
These cities are inhabited by people
whom are dedicated towards
minimization of required inputs of energy,
water, food, waste, output of heat, air
pollution - CO2, methane, and water
pollution.

17.  Generally, developmental experts agree that a sustainable city should meet the
needs of the present without sacrificing the ability of future generations to
meet their own needs. The ambiguity within this idea leads to a great deal of
variation in terms of how cities carry out their attempts to become sustainable.
Ideally, a sustainable city creates an enduring way of life across the four
domains of ecology, economics, politics and culture. However, minimally a
sustainable city should firstly be able to feed itself with a sustainable reliance
on the surrounding countryside. Secondly, it should be able to power itself
with renewable sources of energy.

18.  The crux of this is to create the smallest
possible ecological footprint, and to produce the
lowest quantity of pollution possible, to efficiently
use land; compost used materials, recycle it or
convert waste-to-energy, and thus the city's
overall contribution to climate change will be
minimal, if such practices are adhered to. It is
estimated that over 50% of the world’s population
now lives in cities and urban areas. These large
communities provide both challenges and
opportunities for environmentally-
conscious developers. There are distinct
advantages to further defining and working
towards the goals of sustainable cities. Humans
are social creatures and thrive in urban spaces
that foster social connections.

19. Acknowledgement
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