introduction to population, demographics, global village, birth rate, population distribution, migration

1. Population & The Global Village
freelance musician/music & society
Chris Baker
www.musicstudentinfo.com

2. Demographics
1. Studying Population
2. Population Pyramids
3. Global Village

3. Studying Population
Population Geography
– The study of variations in the distribution, composition,
migration, and growth of populations over time.
Demography
– The study of human population dynamics. It looks at how
populations change over time due to births, deaths, migration
and ageing.
Demographics
– A term for population characteristics. Demographics include
birth rate, death rate, immigration, age, income, sex, education,
occupation, religion, nationality, …

4. Studying Population
Population change over time will inevitably affect….
• Political Systems
• Economics
• Social Structures
• Environments

5. Studying Population
Billions
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Developing countries
Developed countries
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
Source: United Nations Populations Division, World Population Prospects, The 2004 Revision, medium variant.

6. Studying Population
Factors that may lead to population increase include:
– Food
– Health
– Economic Growth
– Migration

7. Studying Population
Growth Rate
– the number of persons added to (or subtracted from) a
population due to natural increase and net migration.
• Birth rate: number of live births per 1,000 population per
year.
• Death rate: number of deaths per 1,000 population per year.
Rate of Natural Increase
– birth rate – death rate = rate of natural increase

8. Studying Population
Factors that contribute to the decline in death rate include:
Better Nutrition
Better Access to Medical Care
Improved Sanitation
Better Immunization
Net Migration = immigrants – emigrants

9. Studying Population
Effects of Population Increase
– Increased poverty
– Resource depletion
– Medicine shortages
– Urban sprawl

10. Studying Population
A specific pattern of population growth has occurred in many
developed nations during the past 60 years.
1945 1965 1985 2005 2025
Births
Baby Boom
Generation X
Baby Echo
Generation Y

11. Studying Population
• Factors that may lead to population decline
– Heavy Emigration
– Disease
– Famine
– War
– Sub-replacement Fertility = a fertility rate that is not high enough
to replace an area’s population.
Sub-replacement fertility rate is 2.1 children per woman or
higher.

12. Studying Population
Population Decline in the past
– The Black Death
– Old World Diseases
– Potato Famine
Population Decline today
– Sub-replacement Fertility Levels
– Migration (to be discussed in the next lesson)

13. Studying Population
Why low sub-replacement fertility rate?
Urbanization
Contraception
Government Policies
Exception: United States where natural increase rates have
remained stable…
And within the US, incredible regional variations

14. Studying Population
Average Number of Children per Woman
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.9
2.03
1.77
1.49
1.19
1.26
1.28
1.3
1.3
South Korea
I taly
Japan
Germany
Spain
Canada
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Sweden
Australia
France
United States
Source: PRB, 2005 World Population Data Sheet.

15. Studying Population
Effects of Population Decline:
Deflation
Rise in the standard of living
Population aging
Small impact on the environment
Political power?

16. Studying Population
Europe is the only world region projected to decline in
population by 2050.
457
326
778
549
728
1,941
668
885
North America
Latin America/
Caribbean
Europe
Asia 5,385
3,875
Africa
2050
2005
Millions

17. Global Village
If the world were a village of 1000 people, it would include:
– 584 Asians
– 124 Africans
– 95 Eastern and Western Europeans
– 84 Latin Americans
– 55 former Soviets
– 52 North Americans
– 6 Australians and New Zealanders

18. Global Village
The people of the village would speak:
– 165 Mandarin
– 86 English
– 83 Hindu/Urdi
– 64 Spanish
– 58 Russian
– 37 Arabic
– and the remaining villagers would speak a variety of 200
other languages

19. Global Village
• The religion practiced by the villagers would be:
– 329 Christians (among them 187 Catholics, 84 Protestants, and
31 Orthodox)
– 178 Muslims
– 167 "Non religious"
– 60 Buddhists
– 45 Atheists
– 32 Hindus
– 3 Jews
– and 86 of other religions

20. Global Village
Financially speaking in this 1000 person community
– 200 people receive 75 percent of the income
– Another 200 receive only 2 percent of the income.
– Only 70 people of the 1000 own an automobile (although some
of the 70 own more than one car).
– About one-third have access to clean, safe drinking water.

21. Global Village
• Looking at the social structure of the village, there are:
– 5 soldiers
– 7 teachers
– 1 doctor
– 3 refugees driven from home by war or drought
– and half of the adults are illiterate

22. Global Village
• The village has a total yearly budget, public and private, of over $3
million - $3,000 per person if it is distributed evenly.
• Of the total $3 000 000:
– $181,000 goes to weapons and warfare
– $159,000 to education
– $132,000 to health care

23. Global Village
Nuclear Power in the Village:
The village has buried beneath it enough explosive power in
nuclear weapons to blow itself to smithereens many times over.
These weapons are under the control of just 100 of the people.
The other 900 are watching them with deep anxiety, wondering
whether they can learn to get along together; and if they do,
whether they might set off the weapons anyway through
inattention or technical bungling; and if they ever decide to
dismantle the weapons, where in the world village will they
dispose of the radioactive materials of which the weapons are
made?