SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 42
Analysis of Population and Food Growth
• Population: 83.7 million (2006) 91,077,287 (July 2007 est.) 
• Age structure: 0-14 years: 34.5% (male 16,043,257/ 
female 15,415,334) 
15-64 years: 61.3% (male 27,849,584/ 
female 28,008,293) 
65 years and over: 4.1% (male 1,631,866/ 
female 2,128,953)(2007 est.) 
• Population growth rate: 2.36% annually (highest in Asia) the 
country’s population is projected to reach 118.4M in 2025 and 
147.3M in 2050.
• Birth rate: 24.48 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 
• Death rate: 5.36 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 
• Net migration rate: -1.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population 
(2007 est.) 
• Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 
under 15 years: 1.041 male(s)/female 
5-64 years: 0.994 male(s)/female 
65 years and over: 0.767 male(s)/female 
• total population: 0.999 male(s)/female (2007 est.) 
• Population below poverty line: 32.9% (2006 est.)
Analysis of Population and Food Growth
Labor force 
40 million (2011 est.) 
Labor force - by occupation 
agriculture: 33% 
industry: 15% 
services: 52% (2010 est.) 
Unemployment rate 
7% (2011 est.) 
7.3% (2010 est.) 
Unemployment, youth ages 
15-24 
total: 17.4% 
male: 16.2% 
female: 19.3% (2009)
The essential 
element was that 
population grew 
geometrically 
while food 
increased 
arithmetically
Analysis of Population and Food Growth
• moral restraint 
According to Malthus, the only acceptable means of 
preventing a birth: postpone marriage, remaining 
chaste in the meantime. 
• Means of subsistence – Ultimate check to growth
Projected Population Growth 
Region 2011 2050 Change Percent 
World 6,987 9,587 +2,600 + 38 
High Income 1,242 1,333 + 91 + 7 
Low Income 5,745 8,254 +2,509 + 44 
East & S.E. Asia 2,183 2,308 + 125 + 6 
South Central Asia 1,795 2,574 + 779 + 43 
Sub-Saharan Africa 883 2,069 +1,186 +134 
Lat. America/Carib 596 746 + 150 + 25 
N. Africa & W. Asia 451 725 + 274 + 61 
Source: Population Reference Bureau. 2011 World Population Data Sheet.
10 Largest Countries (millions) 
2011 2050 
1. China 1,346 
2. India 1,241 
3. United States 312 
4. Indonesia 238 
5. Brazil 197 
6. Pakistan 177 
7. Nigeria 162 
8. Bangladesh 151 
9. Russia 143 
10. Japan 128 
1. India 1,692 
2. China 1,313 
3. Nigeria 433 
4. United States 423 
5. Pakistan 314 
6. Indonesia 309 
7. Bangladesh 226 
8. Brazil 223 
9. Ethiopia 174 
10. Philippines 150 
Source: Population Reference Bureau. 2011 World Population Data Sheet.
The Catholic Church : 
- encourages families to 
have as many children as 
they can raise and 
educate well 
- approves only natural 
family-planning methods 
- would not support any 
form of artificial 
contraception 
- Any form of artificial birth 
control is anti-life
The State: 
- in educating teenagers, this 
would expose them to the use 
of artificial contraceptives like 
condoms and pills 
- we will orient teenagers about 
the responsibility of not having 
children at an early age but we 
will not tell them that they are 
free to use condoms and 
contraceptives
• Government’s Response 
• Such a population policy is urgently needed to stop the 
worsening maternal and child deaths brought about by 
unplanned pregnancies in the country. 
• The United Nations Population Fund has estimated that 
more than 400,000 women put their lives at risk each year 
by having abortions, which are still illegal in the 
Philippines. 
• to curb population growth, which is a major cause of 
poverty.
Women’s Groups: 
- promote, defend and uphold the 
rights of women 
-supports artificial contraception 
and other methods 
-Supports sex education 
-Pushes for increased government 
support in improving access to 
family planning services 
-Pushes for access to modern 
contraceptives and its distribution, 
even in rural areas, as part 
of the rights of women
20% (percent )of Filipino 
women aged between 18-24 
admitted taking 
contraceptive pills 
2% (percent) used condoms. 
% percent of Filipinos 
were not using any family 
planning methods.
Substantial societal changes have improved 
Filipino women’s lives and influenced their 
family-size goals. 
Fertility has fallen considerably, and women 
want even fewer children than they typically have.
• Almost half of recent 
births were either not 
wanted at all or not 
wanted at the time. 
• At the national level, 
this situation has not 
improved over the last 
decade; in some 
regions, unplanned 
childbearing has 
increased.
• Non use of contraception and 
increasing use of traditional 
methods contribute to the high 
level of unplanned pregnancy. 
• Half of married women do not 
want a child soon, or want no 
more children, but are not using 
a modern contraceptive.
• An estimated 400,000 women from all 
regions and backgrounds have illegal 
abortions each year; approximately 
100,000 are hospitalized for related 
complications.
• Poor access to modern 
contraceptives, a 
reflection of a lack of 
social and political 
support, is a major 
obstacle to wider use. 
• Increased government 
support and resources 
are needed at all levels 
to improve access to 
family planning 
services.
Analysis of Population and Food Growth
• About 1 billion people (1 out of every 7 people in the world) 
suffer hunger. 
– 1.4 billion people live on less than $1.25 per day, 
– 2.6 billion (almost 40% of the world’s population) live on less than 
$2.00 per day. 
• Hunger is due mainly to poverty . 
– The rich in no country go hungry except in times of war, natural 
disaster or politically-imposed famine. 
• To solve the world’s hunger problem, the world poverty 
problem must be solved. 
• 70% of the extreme poor live in rural areas. 
– Most are farmers, and most are net food buyers.
Number of People Living in Extreme 
Poverty (in millions, 2005) 
Region <$1.25/day <$2.00/day 
South Asia 596 1,092 
Sub-Saharan Africa 388 556 
East Asia & Pacific 316 729 
Latin America & Carib 45 94 
E. Europe & Central Asia 17 42 
Middle East & N. Africa 11 51 
Total 1,374 2,564 
Source: World Bank. World Development Indicators 2011.
Why are people in 
the developed world 
well fed… 
... while those in 
developing countries 
are less well fed? 
One major factor: developed world has 45% 
of arable land but only 25% of population
• Low income people spend a large fraction of their 
incomes on food, so higher food prices reduce the 
purchasing power of their meager incomes.
• The 2007-2008 price spike increased number of 
people suffering hunger from 925 million to over 1 
billion and aggravated by political crises in many 
countries..
Share of Food* Expenditures in Total 
Expenditures (Percent) 
Quintile Bangladesh India Indonesia Philippines 
1st 69.3 62.0 63.3 64.6 
2nd 66.9 59.4 58.1 59.2 
3rd 63.2 56.2 54.1 54.1 
4th 58.7 50.8 49.0 47.7 
5th 45.2 36.4 37.9 35.4 
*”Food” in low income countries has much less value-added after the farm gate 
than in high income countries. Source: Asian Development Bank.
Population Growth and Urbanization 
• The Philippines is the world's 
12th most populous country, with 
a population of over 85 million as 
of 2005. 
• The Philippines has one of the 
highest population growth rates 
in the world at an average of 
2.36% observed in the last eight 
years. 
• Of the total population of 76 
million (2003), 40 million (52%) 
live in urban areas. By 2010, 
urban population is projected to 
increase to 56 million (60%).
• Metro Manila (Capital) - is now the 17th among the 
world's population urban agglomerations and will rise to the 
15th by 2015. (Philippine Population Commission) 
– at least one third of the Philippines' population concentrated in 
its four towns and 13 cities. 
– Where 2/3 of the total population reside and more than 50% of 
its 11 million population live in slums or depressed areas.
Aggregate food production has grown dramatically in past 
100 years 
Two main sources of increases in food production: 
1. Area expansion 
2. Technical progress 
Indicator of growth in food production: 
long-term trend in food prices has been downward, 
but concerns about a slowdown in food production 
have been raised.
Huge Growth in Food Consumption 
Expected from Economic Growth 
Country Population %<$1.25/day %<$2/day 
China 1,326 15.9 36.3 
India 1,140 41.6 75.6 
Indonesia 228 18.7 50.7 
Brazil 192 3.8 9.9 
Pakistan 166 22.6 61.0 
Bangladesh 160 49.6 81.3 
Nigeria 151 64.4 83.9 
Philippines 90 22.6 45.0 
Source: World Bank. World Development Indicators 2011. Population in millions.
• World food demand to grow 70-80% by 2050 
– 40% increase from world population growth – from 7.0 
to 9.6 billion – almost all in developing countries 
– 30-40% increase from broad-based economic growth in 
low income countries
Analysis of Population and Food Growth
The Land Constraint 
• There is at most 12% more arable land available 
worldwide that isn’t presently forested or subject to 
erosion or desertification, and… 
• Loss and degradation of many soils continues: 
– Urbanization & infrastructure construction 
– Nutrient mining 
– Erosion 
– Desertification 
– Natural reserves 
– Reforestation
The Land Constraint (cont’d.) 
• The area of land in farm production could be 
doubled… 
– But only by massive destruction of forests and loss of 
wildlife habitat, biodiversity and carbon sequestration 
capacity 
• The only environmentally sustainable alternative is to 
double productivity on the fertile, non-erodible soils 
already in crop production.
Croplands of the Earth 
Interpretation: The darker the shading, the larger the percent of the land under that pixel that is in crops. 
Source: Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), University of Wisconsin.
• Farmers use 70% of the 
fresh water used in the 
world. 
• With rapid urbanization, 
cities are likely to outbid 
agriculture for available 
water.
• The world’s farmers need to double food production 
using less water than today..
Climate Constraints 
Source: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
• Warming greater over land than over water and greatest at 
higher latitudes. 
• Increases spatial distribution of precipitation 
– Largest reduction in subtropics (especially on their poleward 
edges) 
– Largest increases in higher latitudes 
– Increase under monsoons 
• Increased frequency of extreme events, such as droughts and 
flooding.
• Make presently unusable soils productive 
• Increase genetic potential (of individual crops and/or 
farming system) (ditto for farm animals) 
• Achieve as much of that potential as possible by: 
– Improving nutrition of that crop 
– Increasing water availability and control 
– Reducing competition from weeds for water, nutrients and 
sunlight 
– Reducing losses from disease and insects 
• Reduce post-harvest losses
Analysis of Population and Food Growth

More Related Content

What's hot

Philippine Agriculture
Philippine AgriculturePhilippine Agriculture
Philippine AgricultureKarl Obispo
 
Tackling global food security
Tackling global food securityTackling global food security
Tackling global food securitynefertari_1984
 
The Profile of the Filipino Farmer
The Profile of the Filipino FarmerThe Profile of the Filipino Farmer
The Profile of the Filipino FarmerKarl Obispo
 
Agricultural innovation system
Agricultural innovation systemAgricultural innovation system
Agricultural innovation systemBai Koyu
 
What is sustainable agriculture ppt By Allah Dad Khan
What is sustainable agriculture ppt By Allah Dad Khan What is sustainable agriculture ppt By Allah Dad Khan
What is sustainable agriculture ppt By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
 
Research-Extension-Farmer-Market Linkage
Research-Extension-Farmer-Market LinkageResearch-Extension-Farmer-Market Linkage
Research-Extension-Farmer-Market Linkagekunguma selvan
 
Fundamentals of extension
Fundamentals of extensionFundamentals of extension
Fundamentals of extensionABUL AZAD
 
Factor affecting crop production
Factor affecting crop productionFactor affecting crop production
Factor affecting crop productionAnkush Singh
 
World hunger
World hungerWorld hunger
World hungerAlinaAG
 
Sustainable agriculture By Allah Dad Khan
Sustainable agriculture  By Allah Dad Khan Sustainable agriculture  By Allah Dad Khan
Sustainable agriculture By Allah Dad Khan Mr.Allah Dad Khan
 
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTshahzadebaujiti
 
Extension Program Evaluation
Extension Program EvaluationExtension Program Evaluation
Extension Program EvaluationDr- Heba Nour
 
The Role of Agriculture in Hunger and Poverty Reduction
The Role of Agriculture in Hunger and Poverty ReductionThe Role of Agriculture in Hunger and Poverty Reduction
The Role of Agriculture in Hunger and Poverty ReductionShenggen Fan
 
Problems and prospects of ICT in Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries developme...
Problems and prospects of ICT in Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries developme...Problems and prospects of ICT in Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries developme...
Problems and prospects of ICT in Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries developme...ARUNKUMAR R
 

What's hot (20)

Philippine Agriculture
Philippine AgriculturePhilippine Agriculture
Philippine Agriculture
 
Tackling global food security
Tackling global food securityTackling global food security
Tackling global food security
 
The Profile of the Filipino Farmer
The Profile of the Filipino FarmerThe Profile of the Filipino Farmer
The Profile of the Filipino Farmer
 
Agricultural innovation system
Agricultural innovation systemAgricultural innovation system
Agricultural innovation system
 
What is sustainable agriculture ppt By Allah Dad Khan
What is sustainable agriculture ppt By Allah Dad Khan What is sustainable agriculture ppt By Allah Dad Khan
What is sustainable agriculture ppt By Allah Dad Khan
 
Research-Extension-Farmer-Market Linkage
Research-Extension-Farmer-Market LinkageResearch-Extension-Farmer-Market Linkage
Research-Extension-Farmer-Market Linkage
 
Fundamentals of extension
Fundamentals of extensionFundamentals of extension
Fundamentals of extension
 
Factor affecting crop production
Factor affecting crop productionFactor affecting crop production
Factor affecting crop production
 
World hunger
World hungerWorld hunger
World hunger
 
Sustainable agriculture By Allah Dad Khan
Sustainable agriculture  By Allah Dad Khan Sustainable agriculture  By Allah Dad Khan
Sustainable agriculture By Allah Dad Khan
 
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
 
E-extension- C.Thatchinamoorthy Agricultural Extension
 E-extension- C.Thatchinamoorthy Agricultural Extension E-extension- C.Thatchinamoorthy Agricultural Extension
E-extension- C.Thatchinamoorthy Agricultural Extension
 
Intensive and extensive farming
Intensive and extensive farmingIntensive and extensive farming
Intensive and extensive farming
 
World hunger presentation ppt
World hunger presentation pptWorld hunger presentation ppt
World hunger presentation ppt
 
Extension Program Evaluation
Extension Program EvaluationExtension Program Evaluation
Extension Program Evaluation
 
Global Population
Global PopulationGlobal Population
Global Population
 
Hunger Presentation
Hunger PresentationHunger Presentation
Hunger Presentation
 
Agri-food systems for a sustainable food future
Agri-food systems for a sustainable food futureAgri-food systems for a sustainable food future
Agri-food systems for a sustainable food future
 
The Role of Agriculture in Hunger and Poverty Reduction
The Role of Agriculture in Hunger and Poverty ReductionThe Role of Agriculture in Hunger and Poverty Reduction
The Role of Agriculture in Hunger and Poverty Reduction
 
Problems and prospects of ICT in Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries developme...
Problems and prospects of ICT in Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries developme...Problems and prospects of ICT in Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries developme...
Problems and prospects of ICT in Agriculture, Livestock & Fisheries developme...
 

Similar to Analysis of Population and Food Growth

sustainable development goals
sustainable development goalssustainable development goals
sustainable development goalsYushi68
 
Population growth
Population growth Population growth
Population growth AryanRaj118
 
Population lesson 1 world population growth
Population lesson 1   world population growthPopulation lesson 1   world population growth
Population lesson 1 world population growthMs Geoflake
 
2015. Robert L Thompson. Essential Roles of Agricultural Technology and Inter...
2015. Robert L Thompson. Essential Roles of Agricultural Technology and Inter...2015. Robert L Thompson. Essential Roles of Agricultural Technology and Inter...
2015. Robert L Thompson. Essential Roles of Agricultural Technology and Inter...FOODCROPS
 
Population growth & its effect on environment
Population growth & its effect on environmentPopulation growth & its effect on environment
Population growth & its effect on environmentTej Kiran
 
Population and food supply
Population and food supplyPopulation and food supply
Population and food supplysreekanthskt
 
population explosion.pptx
population explosion.pptxpopulation explosion.pptx
population explosion.pptxSatish Joot
 
Global and domestic inequalities
Global and domestic inequalitiesGlobal and domestic inequalities
Global and domestic inequalitiesAndrea Neal-Malji
 
Social issues-Must See -Mittali Sethi.pptx
Social issues-Must See -Mittali Sethi.pptxSocial issues-Must See -Mittali Sethi.pptx
Social issues-Must See -Mittali Sethi.pptxAnshSingh813445
 
The Global UN Sustainable Development Goals
The Global UN Sustainable Development GoalsThe Global UN Sustainable Development Goals
The Global UN Sustainable Development GoalsEnergy for One World
 
The Global Goals for Sustainable Development
The Global Goals for Sustainable DevelopmentThe Global Goals for Sustainable Development
The Global Goals for Sustainable DevelopmentUNICEF
 
Food and Nutrition Security in Small Island Developing States
Food and Nutrition Security in Small Island Developing StatesFood and Nutrition Security in Small Island Developing States
Food and Nutrition Security in Small Island Developing StatesFAO
 

Similar to Analysis of Population and Food Growth (20)

sustainable development goals
sustainable development goalssustainable development goals
sustainable development goals
 
Population growth
Population growth Population growth
Population growth
 
Populationindia
PopulationindiaPopulationindia
Populationindia
 
Population Explosion in India
Population Explosion in IndiaPopulation Explosion in India
Population Explosion in India
 
Population lesson 1 world population growth
Population lesson 1   world population growthPopulation lesson 1   world population growth
Population lesson 1 world population growth
 
Food problems around the world
Food problems  around the worldFood problems  around the world
Food problems around the world
 
2015. Robert L Thompson. Essential Roles of Agricultural Technology and Inter...
2015. Robert L Thompson. Essential Roles of Agricultural Technology and Inter...2015. Robert L Thompson. Essential Roles of Agricultural Technology and Inter...
2015. Robert L Thompson. Essential Roles of Agricultural Technology and Inter...
 
Population growth & its effect on environment
Population growth & its effect on environmentPopulation growth & its effect on environment
Population growth & its effect on environment
 
Population and food supply
Population and food supplyPopulation and food supply
Population and food supply
 
population explosion.pptx
population explosion.pptxpopulation explosion.pptx
population explosion.pptx
 
Global and domestic inequalities
Global and domestic inequalitiesGlobal and domestic inequalities
Global and domestic inequalities
 
Global Population 2014
Global Population 2014Global Population 2014
Global Population 2014
 
Social issues-Must See -Mittali Sethi.pptx
Social issues-Must See -Mittali Sethi.pptxSocial issues-Must See -Mittali Sethi.pptx
Social issues-Must See -Mittali Sethi.pptx
 
Guyana - Panel 1 - Políticas públicas para enfrentar la malnutrición en Améri...
Guyana - Panel 1 - Políticas públicas para enfrentar la malnutrición en Améri...Guyana - Panel 1 - Políticas públicas para enfrentar la malnutrición en Améri...
Guyana - Panel 1 - Políticas públicas para enfrentar la malnutrición en Améri...
 
Sprawled City; Lesson 5.ppt
Sprawled  City; Lesson 5.pptSprawled  City; Lesson 5.ppt
Sprawled City; Lesson 5.ppt
 
The Global UN Sustainable Development Goals
The Global UN Sustainable Development GoalsThe Global UN Sustainable Development Goals
The Global UN Sustainable Development Goals
 
The Global Goals for Sustainable Development
The Global Goals for Sustainable DevelopmentThe Global Goals for Sustainable Development
The Global Goals for Sustainable Development
 
A ZERO HUNGER WORLD BY 2030
A ZERO HUNGER WORLD BY 2030A ZERO HUNGER WORLD BY 2030
A ZERO HUNGER WORLD BY 2030
 
Poverty
PovertyPoverty
Poverty
 
Food and Nutrition Security in Small Island Developing States
Food and Nutrition Security in Small Island Developing StatesFood and Nutrition Security in Small Island Developing States
Food and Nutrition Security in Small Island Developing States
 

More from Karl Obispo

Cultural and Mechanical Control of Weeds
Cultural and Mechanical Control of WeedsCultural and Mechanical Control of Weeds
Cultural and Mechanical Control of WeedsKarl Obispo
 
Cultural Control of Nematodes
Cultural Control of NematodesCultural Control of Nematodes
Cultural Control of NematodesKarl Obispo
 
Destruction of Insect Pest by Cultural and Mechanical Control
Destruction of Insect Pest by Cultural and Mechanical ControlDestruction of Insect Pest by Cultural and Mechanical Control
Destruction of Insect Pest by Cultural and Mechanical ControlKarl Obispo
 
Biological and Cultural Control of Weeds and Nematodes
Biological and Cultural Control of Weeds and NematodesBiological and Cultural Control of Weeds and Nematodes
Biological and Cultural Control of Weeds and NematodesKarl Obispo
 
Biological and Cultural Control of Weeds and Nematodes
Biological and Cultural Control of Weeds and NematodesBiological and Cultural Control of Weeds and Nematodes
Biological and Cultural Control of Weeds and NematodesKarl Obispo
 
Conservation and Augmentation of Biological Control Agent
Conservation and Augmentation of Biological Control Agent Conservation and Augmentation of Biological Control Agent
Conservation and Augmentation of Biological Control Agent Karl Obispo
 
Quail Production and Management
Quail Production and ManagementQuail Production and Management
Quail Production and ManagementKarl Obispo
 
Asian Federation of Biotechology Regional Symposium 2017
Asian Federation of Biotechology Regional Symposium 2017Asian Federation of Biotechology Regional Symposium 2017
Asian Federation of Biotechology Regional Symposium 2017Karl Obispo
 
Elasticities of Demand and Supply and Application
Elasticities of Demand and Supply and ApplicationElasticities of Demand and Supply and Application
Elasticities of Demand and Supply and ApplicationKarl Obispo
 
Marketing Livestock and Poultry Products
Marketing Livestock and Poultry ProductsMarketing Livestock and Poultry Products
Marketing Livestock and Poultry ProductsKarl Obispo
 
Meat Fabrication
Meat FabricationMeat Fabrication
Meat FabricationKarl Obispo
 
Slaughtering of Animal and Processing of their Products
Slaughtering of Animal and Processing of their ProductsSlaughtering of Animal and Processing of their Products
Slaughtering of Animal and Processing of their ProductsKarl Obispo
 
Meat Inspection Procedures
Meat Inspection ProceduresMeat Inspection Procedures
Meat Inspection ProceduresKarl Obispo
 
Lecture 7: Loss Assessment and Quality Evaluation
Lecture 7: Loss Assessment and Quality EvaluationLecture 7: Loss Assessment and Quality Evaluation
Lecture 7: Loss Assessment and Quality EvaluationKarl Obispo
 
Lecture 6: Postharvest Control of Senescence and Related Processes
Lecture 6: Postharvest Control of Senescence and Related ProcessesLecture 6: Postharvest Control of Senescence and Related Processes
Lecture 6: Postharvest Control of Senescence and Related ProcessesKarl Obispo
 

More from Karl Obispo (20)

Cultural and Mechanical Control of Weeds
Cultural and Mechanical Control of WeedsCultural and Mechanical Control of Weeds
Cultural and Mechanical Control of Weeds
 
Cultural Control of Nematodes
Cultural Control of NematodesCultural Control of Nematodes
Cultural Control of Nematodes
 
Destruction of Insect Pest by Cultural and Mechanical Control
Destruction of Insect Pest by Cultural and Mechanical ControlDestruction of Insect Pest by Cultural and Mechanical Control
Destruction of Insect Pest by Cultural and Mechanical Control
 
Biological and Cultural Control of Weeds and Nematodes
Biological and Cultural Control of Weeds and NematodesBiological and Cultural Control of Weeds and Nematodes
Biological and Cultural Control of Weeds and Nematodes
 
Biological and Cultural Control of Weeds and Nematodes
Biological and Cultural Control of Weeds and NematodesBiological and Cultural Control of Weeds and Nematodes
Biological and Cultural Control of Weeds and Nematodes
 
Conservation and Augmentation of Biological Control Agent
Conservation and Augmentation of Biological Control Agent Conservation and Augmentation of Biological Control Agent
Conservation and Augmentation of Biological Control Agent
 
Quail Production and Management
Quail Production and ManagementQuail Production and Management
Quail Production and Management
 
Asian Federation of Biotechology Regional Symposium 2017
Asian Federation of Biotechology Regional Symposium 2017Asian Federation of Biotechology Regional Symposium 2017
Asian Federation of Biotechology Regional Symposium 2017
 
Elasticities of Demand and Supply and Application
Elasticities of Demand and Supply and ApplicationElasticities of Demand and Supply and Application
Elasticities of Demand and Supply and Application
 
Cropsci
CropsciCropsci
Cropsci
 
Agma
AgmaAgma
Agma
 
Marketing Livestock and Poultry Products
Marketing Livestock and Poultry ProductsMarketing Livestock and Poultry Products
Marketing Livestock and Poultry Products
 
Meat Fabrication
Meat FabricationMeat Fabrication
Meat Fabrication
 
Meat Cuts
Meat CutsMeat Cuts
Meat Cuts
 
Slaughtering of Animal and Processing of their Products
Slaughtering of Animal and Processing of their ProductsSlaughtering of Animal and Processing of their Products
Slaughtering of Animal and Processing of their Products
 
Meat Inspection Procedures
Meat Inspection ProceduresMeat Inspection Procedures
Meat Inspection Procedures
 
Meat Processing
Meat ProcessingMeat Processing
Meat Processing
 
Seed Technology
Seed TechnologySeed Technology
Seed Technology
 
Lecture 7: Loss Assessment and Quality Evaluation
Lecture 7: Loss Assessment and Quality EvaluationLecture 7: Loss Assessment and Quality Evaluation
Lecture 7: Loss Assessment and Quality Evaluation
 
Lecture 6: Postharvest Control of Senescence and Related Processes
Lecture 6: Postharvest Control of Senescence and Related ProcessesLecture 6: Postharvest Control of Senescence and Related Processes
Lecture 6: Postharvest Control of Senescence and Related Processes
 

Recently uploaded

HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.raviapr7
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxMYDA ANGELICA SUAN
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxraviapr7
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 

Recently uploaded (20)

HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
How to Show Error_Warning Messages in Odoo 17
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quizPrelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
Prelims of Kant get Marx 2.0: a general politics quiz
 
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
Drug Information Services- DIC and Sources.
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptxPractical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
Practical Research 1: Lesson 8 Writing the Thesis Statement.pptx
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptxPatterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
Patterns of Written Texts Across Disciplines.pptx
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptxEducation and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
Education and training program in the hospital APR.pptx
 
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
UKCGE Parental Leave Discussion March 2024
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 

Analysis of Population and Food Growth

  • 2. • Population: 83.7 million (2006) 91,077,287 (July 2007 est.) • Age structure: 0-14 years: 34.5% (male 16,043,257/ female 15,415,334) 15-64 years: 61.3% (male 27,849,584/ female 28,008,293) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 1,631,866/ female 2,128,953)(2007 est.) • Population growth rate: 2.36% annually (highest in Asia) the country’s population is projected to reach 118.4M in 2025 and 147.3M in 2050.
  • 3. • Birth rate: 24.48 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) • Death rate: 5.36 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) • Net migration rate: -1.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) • Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.041 male(s)/female 5-64 years: 0.994 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.767 male(s)/female • total population: 0.999 male(s)/female (2007 est.) • Population below poverty line: 32.9% (2006 est.)
  • 5. Labor force 40 million (2011 est.) Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 33% industry: 15% services: 52% (2010 est.) Unemployment rate 7% (2011 est.) 7.3% (2010 est.) Unemployment, youth ages 15-24 total: 17.4% male: 16.2% female: 19.3% (2009)
  • 6. The essential element was that population grew geometrically while food increased arithmetically
  • 8. • moral restraint According to Malthus, the only acceptable means of preventing a birth: postpone marriage, remaining chaste in the meantime. • Means of subsistence – Ultimate check to growth
  • 9. Projected Population Growth Region 2011 2050 Change Percent World 6,987 9,587 +2,600 + 38 High Income 1,242 1,333 + 91 + 7 Low Income 5,745 8,254 +2,509 + 44 East & S.E. Asia 2,183 2,308 + 125 + 6 South Central Asia 1,795 2,574 + 779 + 43 Sub-Saharan Africa 883 2,069 +1,186 +134 Lat. America/Carib 596 746 + 150 + 25 N. Africa & W. Asia 451 725 + 274 + 61 Source: Population Reference Bureau. 2011 World Population Data Sheet.
  • 10. 10 Largest Countries (millions) 2011 2050 1. China 1,346 2. India 1,241 3. United States 312 4. Indonesia 238 5. Brazil 197 6. Pakistan 177 7. Nigeria 162 8. Bangladesh 151 9. Russia 143 10. Japan 128 1. India 1,692 2. China 1,313 3. Nigeria 433 4. United States 423 5. Pakistan 314 6. Indonesia 309 7. Bangladesh 226 8. Brazil 223 9. Ethiopia 174 10. Philippines 150 Source: Population Reference Bureau. 2011 World Population Data Sheet.
  • 11. The Catholic Church : - encourages families to have as many children as they can raise and educate well - approves only natural family-planning methods - would not support any form of artificial contraception - Any form of artificial birth control is anti-life
  • 12. The State: - in educating teenagers, this would expose them to the use of artificial contraceptives like condoms and pills - we will orient teenagers about the responsibility of not having children at an early age but we will not tell them that they are free to use condoms and contraceptives
  • 13. • Government’s Response • Such a population policy is urgently needed to stop the worsening maternal and child deaths brought about by unplanned pregnancies in the country. • The United Nations Population Fund has estimated that more than 400,000 women put their lives at risk each year by having abortions, which are still illegal in the Philippines. • to curb population growth, which is a major cause of poverty.
  • 14. Women’s Groups: - promote, defend and uphold the rights of women -supports artificial contraception and other methods -Supports sex education -Pushes for increased government support in improving access to family planning services -Pushes for access to modern contraceptives and its distribution, even in rural areas, as part of the rights of women
  • 15. 20% (percent )of Filipino women aged between 18-24 admitted taking contraceptive pills 2% (percent) used condoms. % percent of Filipinos were not using any family planning methods.
  • 16. Substantial societal changes have improved Filipino women’s lives and influenced their family-size goals. Fertility has fallen considerably, and women want even fewer children than they typically have.
  • 17. • Almost half of recent births were either not wanted at all or not wanted at the time. • At the national level, this situation has not improved over the last decade; in some regions, unplanned childbearing has increased.
  • 18. • Non use of contraception and increasing use of traditional methods contribute to the high level of unplanned pregnancy. • Half of married women do not want a child soon, or want no more children, but are not using a modern contraceptive.
  • 19. • An estimated 400,000 women from all regions and backgrounds have illegal abortions each year; approximately 100,000 are hospitalized for related complications.
  • 20. • Poor access to modern contraceptives, a reflection of a lack of social and political support, is a major obstacle to wider use. • Increased government support and resources are needed at all levels to improve access to family planning services.
  • 22. • About 1 billion people (1 out of every 7 people in the world) suffer hunger. – 1.4 billion people live on less than $1.25 per day, – 2.6 billion (almost 40% of the world’s population) live on less than $2.00 per day. • Hunger is due mainly to poverty . – The rich in no country go hungry except in times of war, natural disaster or politically-imposed famine. • To solve the world’s hunger problem, the world poverty problem must be solved. • 70% of the extreme poor live in rural areas. – Most are farmers, and most are net food buyers.
  • 23. Number of People Living in Extreme Poverty (in millions, 2005) Region <$1.25/day <$2.00/day South Asia 596 1,092 Sub-Saharan Africa 388 556 East Asia & Pacific 316 729 Latin America & Carib 45 94 E. Europe & Central Asia 17 42 Middle East & N. Africa 11 51 Total 1,374 2,564 Source: World Bank. World Development Indicators 2011.
  • 24. Why are people in the developed world well fed… ... while those in developing countries are less well fed? One major factor: developed world has 45% of arable land but only 25% of population
  • 25. • Low income people spend a large fraction of their incomes on food, so higher food prices reduce the purchasing power of their meager incomes.
  • 26. • The 2007-2008 price spike increased number of people suffering hunger from 925 million to over 1 billion and aggravated by political crises in many countries..
  • 27. Share of Food* Expenditures in Total Expenditures (Percent) Quintile Bangladesh India Indonesia Philippines 1st 69.3 62.0 63.3 64.6 2nd 66.9 59.4 58.1 59.2 3rd 63.2 56.2 54.1 54.1 4th 58.7 50.8 49.0 47.7 5th 45.2 36.4 37.9 35.4 *”Food” in low income countries has much less value-added after the farm gate than in high income countries. Source: Asian Development Bank.
  • 28. Population Growth and Urbanization • The Philippines is the world's 12th most populous country, with a population of over 85 million as of 2005. • The Philippines has one of the highest population growth rates in the world at an average of 2.36% observed in the last eight years. • Of the total population of 76 million (2003), 40 million (52%) live in urban areas. By 2010, urban population is projected to increase to 56 million (60%).
  • 29. • Metro Manila (Capital) - is now the 17th among the world's population urban agglomerations and will rise to the 15th by 2015. (Philippine Population Commission) – at least one third of the Philippines' population concentrated in its four towns and 13 cities. – Where 2/3 of the total population reside and more than 50% of its 11 million population live in slums or depressed areas.
  • 30. Aggregate food production has grown dramatically in past 100 years Two main sources of increases in food production: 1. Area expansion 2. Technical progress Indicator of growth in food production: long-term trend in food prices has been downward, but concerns about a slowdown in food production have been raised.
  • 31. Huge Growth in Food Consumption Expected from Economic Growth Country Population %<$1.25/day %<$2/day China 1,326 15.9 36.3 India 1,140 41.6 75.6 Indonesia 228 18.7 50.7 Brazil 192 3.8 9.9 Pakistan 166 22.6 61.0 Bangladesh 160 49.6 81.3 Nigeria 151 64.4 83.9 Philippines 90 22.6 45.0 Source: World Bank. World Development Indicators 2011. Population in millions.
  • 32. • World food demand to grow 70-80% by 2050 – 40% increase from world population growth – from 7.0 to 9.6 billion – almost all in developing countries – 30-40% increase from broad-based economic growth in low income countries
  • 34. The Land Constraint • There is at most 12% more arable land available worldwide that isn’t presently forested or subject to erosion or desertification, and… • Loss and degradation of many soils continues: – Urbanization & infrastructure construction – Nutrient mining – Erosion – Desertification – Natural reserves – Reforestation
  • 35. The Land Constraint (cont’d.) • The area of land in farm production could be doubled… – But only by massive destruction of forests and loss of wildlife habitat, biodiversity and carbon sequestration capacity • The only environmentally sustainable alternative is to double productivity on the fertile, non-erodible soils already in crop production.
  • 36. Croplands of the Earth Interpretation: The darker the shading, the larger the percent of the land under that pixel that is in crops. Source: Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), University of Wisconsin.
  • 37. • Farmers use 70% of the fresh water used in the world. • With rapid urbanization, cities are likely to outbid agriculture for available water.
  • 38. • The world’s farmers need to double food production using less water than today..
  • 39. Climate Constraints Source: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
  • 40. • Warming greater over land than over water and greatest at higher latitudes. • Increases spatial distribution of precipitation – Largest reduction in subtropics (especially on their poleward edges) – Largest increases in higher latitudes – Increase under monsoons • Increased frequency of extreme events, such as droughts and flooding.
  • 41. • Make presently unusable soils productive • Increase genetic potential (of individual crops and/or farming system) (ditto for farm animals) • Achieve as much of that potential as possible by: – Improving nutrition of that crop – Increasing water availability and control – Reducing competition from weeds for water, nutrients and sunlight – Reducing losses from disease and insects • Reduce post-harvest losses