2. • Population: 83.7 million (2006) 91,077,287 (July 2007 est.)
• Age structure: 0-14 years: 34.5% (male 16,043,257/
female 15,415,334)
15-64 years: 61.3% (male 27,849,584/
female 28,008,293)
65 years and over: 4.1% (male 1,631,866/
female 2,128,953)(2007 est.)
• Population growth rate: 2.36% annually (highest in Asia) the
country’s population is projected to reach 118.4M in 2025 and
147.3M in 2050.
3. • Birth rate: 24.48 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
• Death rate: 5.36 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
• Net migration rate: -1.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population
(2007 est.)
• Sex ratio: at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.041 male(s)/female
5-64 years: 0.994 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.767 male(s)/female
• total population: 0.999 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
• Population below poverty line: 32.9% (2006 est.)
5. Labor force
40 million (2011 est.)
Labor force - by occupation
agriculture: 33%
industry: 15%
services: 52% (2010 est.)
Unemployment rate
7% (2011 est.)
7.3% (2010 est.)
Unemployment, youth ages
15-24
total: 17.4%
male: 16.2%
female: 19.3% (2009)
6. The essential
element was that
population grew
geometrically
while food
increased
arithmetically
8. • moral restraint
According to Malthus, the only acceptable means of
preventing a birth: postpone marriage, remaining
chaste in the meantime.
• Means of subsistence – Ultimate check to growth
9. Projected Population Growth
Region 2011 2050 Change Percent
World 6,987 9,587 +2,600 + 38
High Income 1,242 1,333 + 91 + 7
Low Income 5,745 8,254 +2,509 + 44
East & S.E. Asia 2,183 2,308 + 125 + 6
South Central Asia 1,795 2,574 + 779 + 43
Sub-Saharan Africa 883 2,069 +1,186 +134
Lat. America/Carib 596 746 + 150 + 25
N. Africa & W. Asia 451 725 + 274 + 61
Source: Population Reference Bureau. 2011 World Population Data Sheet.
10. 10 Largest Countries (millions)
2011 2050
1. China 1,346
2. India 1,241
3. United States 312
4. Indonesia 238
5. Brazil 197
6. Pakistan 177
7. Nigeria 162
8. Bangladesh 151
9. Russia 143
10. Japan 128
1. India 1,692
2. China 1,313
3. Nigeria 433
4. United States 423
5. Pakistan 314
6. Indonesia 309
7. Bangladesh 226
8. Brazil 223
9. Ethiopia 174
10. Philippines 150
Source: Population Reference Bureau. 2011 World Population Data Sheet.
11. The Catholic Church :
- encourages families to
have as many children as
they can raise and
educate well
- approves only natural
family-planning methods
- would not support any
form of artificial
contraception
- Any form of artificial birth
control is anti-life
12. The State:
- in educating teenagers, this
would expose them to the use
of artificial contraceptives like
condoms and pills
- we will orient teenagers about
the responsibility of not having
children at an early age but we
will not tell them that they are
free to use condoms and
contraceptives
13. • Government’s Response
• Such a population policy is urgently needed to stop the
worsening maternal and child deaths brought about by
unplanned pregnancies in the country.
• The United Nations Population Fund has estimated that
more than 400,000 women put their lives at risk each year
by having abortions, which are still illegal in the
Philippines.
• to curb population growth, which is a major cause of
poverty.
14. Women’s Groups:
- promote, defend and uphold the
rights of women
-supports artificial contraception
and other methods
-Supports sex education
-Pushes for increased government
support in improving access to
family planning services
-Pushes for access to modern
contraceptives and its distribution,
even in rural areas, as part
of the rights of women
15. 20% (percent )of Filipino
women aged between 18-24
admitted taking
contraceptive pills
2% (percent) used condoms.
% percent of Filipinos
were not using any family
planning methods.
16. Substantial societal changes have improved
Filipino women’s lives and influenced their
family-size goals.
Fertility has fallen considerably, and women
want even fewer children than they typically have.
17. • Almost half of recent
births were either not
wanted at all or not
wanted at the time.
• At the national level,
this situation has not
improved over the last
decade; in some
regions, unplanned
childbearing has
increased.
18. • Non use of contraception and
increasing use of traditional
methods contribute to the high
level of unplanned pregnancy.
• Half of married women do not
want a child soon, or want no
more children, but are not using
a modern contraceptive.
19. • An estimated 400,000 women from all
regions and backgrounds have illegal
abortions each year; approximately
100,000 are hospitalized for related
complications.
20. • Poor access to modern
contraceptives, a
reflection of a lack of
social and political
support, is a major
obstacle to wider use.
• Increased government
support and resources
are needed at all levels
to improve access to
family planning
services.
22. • About 1 billion people (1 out of every 7 people in the world)
suffer hunger.
– 1.4 billion people live on less than $1.25 per day,
– 2.6 billion (almost 40% of the world’s population) live on less than
$2.00 per day.
• Hunger is due mainly to poverty .
– The rich in no country go hungry except in times of war, natural
disaster or politically-imposed famine.
• To solve the world’s hunger problem, the world poverty
problem must be solved.
• 70% of the extreme poor live in rural areas.
– Most are farmers, and most are net food buyers.
23. Number of People Living in Extreme
Poverty (in millions, 2005)
Region <$1.25/day <$2.00/day
South Asia 596 1,092
Sub-Saharan Africa 388 556
East Asia & Pacific 316 729
Latin America & Carib 45 94
E. Europe & Central Asia 17 42
Middle East & N. Africa 11 51
Total 1,374 2,564
Source: World Bank. World Development Indicators 2011.
24. Why are people in
the developed world
well fed…
... while those in
developing countries
are less well fed?
One major factor: developed world has 45%
of arable land but only 25% of population
25. • Low income people spend a large fraction of their
incomes on food, so higher food prices reduce the
purchasing power of their meager incomes.
26. • The 2007-2008 price spike increased number of
people suffering hunger from 925 million to over 1
billion and aggravated by political crises in many
countries..
27. Share of Food* Expenditures in Total
Expenditures (Percent)
Quintile Bangladesh India Indonesia Philippines
1st 69.3 62.0 63.3 64.6
2nd 66.9 59.4 58.1 59.2
3rd 63.2 56.2 54.1 54.1
4th 58.7 50.8 49.0 47.7
5th 45.2 36.4 37.9 35.4
*”Food” in low income countries has much less value-added after the farm gate
than in high income countries. Source: Asian Development Bank.
28. Population Growth and Urbanization
• The Philippines is the world's
12th most populous country, with
a population of over 85 million as
of 2005.
• The Philippines has one of the
highest population growth rates
in the world at an average of
2.36% observed in the last eight
years.
• Of the total population of 76
million (2003), 40 million (52%)
live in urban areas. By 2010,
urban population is projected to
increase to 56 million (60%).
29. • Metro Manila (Capital) - is now the 17th among the
world's population urban agglomerations and will rise to the
15th by 2015. (Philippine Population Commission)
– at least one third of the Philippines' population concentrated in
its four towns and 13 cities.
– Where 2/3 of the total population reside and more than 50% of
its 11 million population live in slums or depressed areas.
30. Aggregate food production has grown dramatically in past
100 years
Two main sources of increases in food production:
1. Area expansion
2. Technical progress
Indicator of growth in food production:
long-term trend in food prices has been downward,
but concerns about a slowdown in food production
have been raised.
31. Huge Growth in Food Consumption
Expected from Economic Growth
Country Population %<$1.25/day %<$2/day
China 1,326 15.9 36.3
India 1,140 41.6 75.6
Indonesia 228 18.7 50.7
Brazil 192 3.8 9.9
Pakistan 166 22.6 61.0
Bangladesh 160 49.6 81.3
Nigeria 151 64.4 83.9
Philippines 90 22.6 45.0
Source: World Bank. World Development Indicators 2011. Population in millions.
32. • World food demand to grow 70-80% by 2050
– 40% increase from world population growth – from 7.0
to 9.6 billion – almost all in developing countries
– 30-40% increase from broad-based economic growth in
low income countries
34. The Land Constraint
• There is at most 12% more arable land available
worldwide that isn’t presently forested or subject to
erosion or desertification, and…
• Loss and degradation of many soils continues:
– Urbanization & infrastructure construction
– Nutrient mining
– Erosion
– Desertification
– Natural reserves
– Reforestation
35. The Land Constraint (cont’d.)
• The area of land in farm production could be
doubled…
– But only by massive destruction of forests and loss of
wildlife habitat, biodiversity and carbon sequestration
capacity
• The only environmentally sustainable alternative is to
double productivity on the fertile, non-erodible soils
already in crop production.
36. Croplands of the Earth
Interpretation: The darker the shading, the larger the percent of the land under that pixel that is in crops.
Source: Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), University of Wisconsin.
37. • Farmers use 70% of the
fresh water used in the
world.
• With rapid urbanization,
cities are likely to outbid
agriculture for available
water.
38. • The world’s farmers need to double food production
using less water than today..
40. • Warming greater over land than over water and greatest at
higher latitudes.
• Increases spatial distribution of precipitation
– Largest reduction in subtropics (especially on their poleward
edges)
– Largest increases in higher latitudes
– Increase under monsoons
• Increased frequency of extreme events, such as droughts and
flooding.
41. • Make presently unusable soils productive
• Increase genetic potential (of individual crops and/or
farming system) (ditto for farm animals)
• Achieve as much of that potential as possible by:
– Improving nutrition of that crop
– Increasing water availability and control
– Reducing competition from weeds for water, nutrients and
sunlight
– Reducing losses from disease and insects
• Reduce post-harvest losses