Amanda Knox Summary

Amanda Knox Summary
AMANDA KNOX: AN EXAMINATION OF JUSTICE COMPARING
U.S. VS. THE ITALIAN STRUCTURE OF THE COURTS SYSTEMS, AND THE USE OF
EVIDENCE FOR CONVICTION
November 2, 2007, was a very sad day due to the murder of Meredith Kercher. This is the day
Amanda Knox and Raffaele Sollecito lives were forever changed. This murder took place in Italy
and through this case the Criminal and Justice Systems were found to be very different from country
to country. This case specifically brought light how the United States and Italy are different when it
comes to finding justice for committing a murder. These differences consist of an examination of
justice, structure of the court systems and the use of evidence for conviction.
The Italian Justice System is an inquisitorial system (Huziker, 2016). In an inquisitorial system, the
court is involved in the investigation (Huziker, 2016). The judge and the prosecutor work together in
investigating the case (Huziker, 2016). This is interesting because, the judge also decides whether
the accused is innocent or guilty (Huziker, 2016). Before the trial starts and due to the inquisitorial
system used, the judge has a preconceived notion as to which way they want to favor (Huziker,
2016). The Italian court is set up with three judges and six "lay assessors of facts" (Krings, 2015).
There is no oath taken for the defendant when they take the stand (Huziker, 2016). When it comes to
the Amanda Knox case, the main topic was on innocents or guilty (Linth, 2013).
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The Theory Of Goal Attainment
In 1981 Imogene King introduced her mid–range Theory of Goal Attainment (this theory has also
been referred to as the theory of goal achievement (Johnson and Webber, 2010)). This theory is
based on the grand theory called the Conceptual System, also created by King (Frey et al: 2002). To
understand the more focused mid–range theory it is important to first quickly understand the
conceptual system.
The conceptual system was created using systems analysis and systems theory literature (Johnson
and Webber, 2010). It was originally referred to as a conceptual framework, but King changed the
terminology in 1997 to Conceptual System (Frey et al, 2002). The conceptual system focused on
decision making in nursing. It is organized around three systems; Personal Systems which pertain to
the individual, Interpersonal Systems which pertain to small groups, and Social Systems which
pertain to the society as a whole. King saw these three interacting systems as part of the larger
decision making process of human beings (Frey et al, 2002).
The Theory of Goal Attainment is a middle range theory derived from King's Conceptual System.
The Theory of Goal Attainment focuses on the interactions between the personal, interpersonal, and
social systems. Frey et al (2002) describes the central concepts of the theory as "perception,
communication, interaction, transaction, self, role, growth and development, stressors/stress, time,
and space." Four specific concepts within the theory; perception,

Constitutional And Universal Culture Administer A Distinct...
Liberal constitutional and universal culture administer a distinct picture of the litigation system. The
two tell us that litigation centralizes around the courtroom, and that, in the Australian court system,
along with the United Kingdom and United States, trials are regularly structured on an adversarial
model.
The Adversarial trial assigns particular and separate functions to the participants in the trial,
especially the judge, the parties and the lawyers. The conclusion is that, when each party accomplish
his or her designated function, then fair and impartial decisions will be achieved. In the structure of
a trial which we have developed in this country, the judge determines the points at matter raised by
the parties, but does not ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The concept of this is that it is the judge's duty to maintain the equilibrium of the trial and between
the parties. Although I strongly believe that our law system is exceedingly fair, there are
circumstances in which a fair trial is difficult to achieve, for example when one of the parties
represents themselves in court such as in the case 'Dietrich v R'. This causes problems, due to the
fact that, in the majority of cases, an accused who decides to go to court unrepresented is highly
disadvantaged. This is because, in general, the accused has inadequate awareness of the legal system
and lack the expertise and skill to deal with their case in the same way a lawyer would be able to. In
circumstances like these, a judge is prompted to lead the accused through the trial in order to ensure
that an appropriate defence is given to the jury. This can cause serious problems within the
courtroom for many reasons. Firstly, by the judge lending a 'helping hand' to the unrepresented, this
provides an unfair advantage. Secondly, a trial judge and a defence attorney have two extremely
contrasting roles and any attempt by a trial judge to execute an attorney's role will only result in
problems being caused.
It is usually acknowledged that a person has the right to self representation in civil or criminal
affairs. Legal professionals have a persuasive ability over the depiction of defendants in court. Each
litigant is responsible for commencing and

Adversarial System Vs Inquisitorial System
The adversarial system is seen to create fewer truths than it performs justice, and fewer truths than
performs the inquisitorial system. The adversarial system is portrayed by a neutral choice producer
who assesses conflicting performances by opponents to a disagreement, assesses the values of those
performances, and reduces a decision that issues a positive result to one party and a consistent
negative result to the other. Adversarial system consists of decisional accuracy, procedural justice
and the pursuit of truth and fairness (Sevier, 2014). An adversarial, accusatorial system is like a
competition in which the prosecution is opposed against the defense. The adversarial, accusatorial
system is frequently compared with inquisitorial systems ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
There are three situations in which Failure or omission to act is only criminal which are "(1) when
there is a statute that creates a legal duty to act, (2) when there is a contract that creates a legal duty
to act, or (3) when there is a special relationship between the parties that creates a legal duty to act."
The mens rea is the specific mental state of the defendant at the time of the crime; a guilty mind.
There are two types of mens rea that are recognized which are general intent and specific intent.
There are four different types of knowing, purposeful, reckless and negligent. The concurrence of an
illegal act and a culpable mental state offers the third essential feature of crime, for those crimes that
involve mens rea. Concurrence commands that the act and the mental state happen together in order
for a crime to take place. Concurrence and culpable mental state should be linked and they should
transpire in the appropriate order, mens rea followed by the act. The mens rea is the one that sets the
act into motion. The perpetrator should shape the focused to murder, before captivating the action
that caused in the death of another individual for there to be purposeful or intentional murder. There
must be a connecting association between the

Australi The Great Ocean Road Serving As A Vital...
The picturesque qualities across the Surf Coast has been home to unique communities drawing in
tourism for many years. The Great Ocean Road gave way to settlement and tourism along the
rugged coastline; The Great Ocean Road serving as a vital interstate travel and scenic route.
Comprising of pristine beaches, coastal and rural environments; the locality recognises the need to
maintain and enhance Jan Juc – Torquay green spaces and beaches (Figure 1 & 2).
Figure 1 (left), Jan Juc Surf beach, (source, Plan Book Travel, accessed 10 September 2016)
Figure 2 (right) Torquay Victoria (source, Australia Tour Guide, accessed 10 September 2016)
The Jan Juc – Torquay region is experiencing growth greater than the Victorian average (SurfCoast,
2012). The vision to house a diverse range of dwelling types and accommodate for a broad
demographic gives rise to the concern of overdevelopment without significant consideration given
to open space and natural system requirements. The localities natural environment is the core of the
town 's assets and it is vital to manage development in a manner that ensures key natural assets are
protected (SurfCoast, 2012).
The consideration of 'Open Space' and' Natural Systems' in the Spring Creek Structure Plan will
pave the road for a healthy, active and vibrant community within the Jan Juc locality. With reference
to the aforementioned vision and keeping in line with " Sustainable Futures Plan 2040" (SurfCoast,
2016), it is important to recognise

Inquisitorial and Adversary System
Supporters of the adversary system believe it is the best justice system in the world to balance the
rights of the individuals against the community's expectations that people who break society's laws
will be punished. There are many strengths of the adversary system. Party control is the first
strength of the system. The parties are in control of their own destinies. That is, they must prepare
and present their own cases and accept the responsibility for the consequences. This is an extension
of the basic democratic principle. Truth and conflicting interests is another strength. By giving the
parties control over their own affairs, it is more likely that 'great truths will energy from the
powerful conflicting arguments'. Equality ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This right was introduced centuries ago in medieval England to protect uneducated peasants from
incriminating themselves when accused of crimes by the Lord of the manor. It is difficult to defend
the rule with a universally literate and educated populace. Many observers contend that defendants
should be forced to give evidence so that the judge or jury can make up their own observations of
the defendant's version of events. Accessibility is another possible reform. Significant reforms need
to be considered to make the court system more accessible to ordinary people. They could include
increasing legal aid funding, allowing acquitted persons to recover their legal and court costs from
the state and setting stricter guidelines and limits on legal costs. The jury is seen as the ultimate
protection of the people against potentially oppressive power of the state. Randomly selected jurors
are actively involved in the administration of justice after an agent of the state has made a criminal
allegation against an individual. The reasons for a jury verdict are intentionally kept secret by law
and because this is done here is very little public scrutiny of the effectiveness of the jury system.
The reason I believe that juries should be compelled to give reasons for their verdicts is that a person
who is about to lose their freedoms from a jury conviction should be entitles to know the reason to
be sure the verdict was based on law and sound logic. An accused person could have

Essay on law: leaving behind the inquisitorial system
Leaving behind the Inquisitorial System
29/11/2012
In the modern world, competition is the bond that holds society together. Every person can relate to
it whether that competition is within a sport, video game, or a court hearing. The Canadian legal
structure operates on the adversarial system. Neil Brooks defines an adversarial system as one in
"which the parties and not the judge have the primary responsibility for defining the issues in
dispute and for carrying the dispute forward through the system" (Brooks, The judge and the
Adversary system.p.341–353). Within the adversarial system the judge has less of a role. He's
passive due to his lack of participation in the fact–finding. Its opposing system is the ... Show more
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The second aspect of party–autonomy is that the parties have the responsibility for defining their
dispute (Brooks, The judge and the Adversary system.p.341–353). The judge will not insist an
anterior dispute that might further the case. For instance, if the offender is charged with
recklessness, but he should be charged for manslaughter then the judge will not insist the victim
change the dispute. Party–autonomy reflects the laissez–faire philosophy, in a sense which it is free
from government control. The second branch is party–prosecution. Within this premise the parties
are able to choose the manner they wish to present their case (Brooks, The judge and the Adversary
system.p.341–353). There are two big assumptions associated with party–prosecution. Firstly, the
legitimacy with adjudication is enhanced if it's used within the adversarial system, and secondly, the
more accurate fact–finding would take place since the parties would be operating on motivation
(Brooks, The judge and the Adversary system.p.341–353). Both principles are legitimate because it's
in line with the liberal idea that every individual should be left alone to operate on his own accord
(Brooks, The judge and the Adversary system.p.341–353). The inquisitorial system differs from
adversarial in 5 different ways.
The

Pros And Cons Of Australia's Adversarial System
In the 21st Century many things have been called into question. Among those things is the
adversarial system that Australia's Rule of Law system follows. The argument stands that the
adversarial system is too aggressive in its approach to the legal system. Would Australia benefit
more from the adversarial system changing into the inquisitorial system or would it be more
beneficial to create a hybrid of the two. This essay will aim to discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of both the current system of adversarial and the more European system of
inquisitorial. Highlighting why it is important to begin moving away from a traditional adversarial
system drawing evidence from the Family court of Australia, the Netherlands and Nigeria's current
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Moving from system to another in such a drastic way would not benefit society, but as it is coming
more and more plainly to see the adversarial system is no longer working to stand in several courts
and importantly the victim/survivor. Taking a stance similar to the one the Family Court of Australia
has taken could be extremely beneficial for the victim/survivor as it has shown to bring pressure of
the parents and children in Family Court disputes. Another example of the inquisitorial system slow
but needed integration in Australia law is the Victorian Coroner's Court. These integrations show a
great start in approving our existing law practices. The inquisitorial system would allow the Rule of
Law to thrive in Australia. With victims/survivors having more of control of their trails a better
system of evidence sharing it would see the say 'the whole truth and nothing but the truth' actually
be corrected rather than the truth as is needed to best serve their

Personal Statement On Decision And Risk Management
that I am really eager to take a learn about, and it is a class on decision and risk management. With
that class I am hoping to gain the critical thinking process needed to make big decisions financially
and to lead my future employees and co–workers wisely when those decisions need to be made. I
know that to be a good engineer I will have to stay up to date on current events and advancements in
the world of technology, and I believe that the classes outlined in the academic plan of study will
truly be a benefit to me in acquiring the necessary skills that this job will require. Although I have
researched the topic of my career choice in systems engineering extensively, I still have so many
questions about it. I am eager to know how long it will take for me to "climb the ladder" and work
my way up through each job before I could potentially become something like a project manager. I
have decided to reach out to some people in this career that can better inform me on questions like
this, because I want to fully know what it is that I am getting into.
I know that to be a successful engineer, I will have to learn much more than just academic topics,
and I am prepared to do so. I know I must learn attention to detail, I must learn to make sense of
hard and complex problems, I must learn to be a team player while leading along side of my co–
workers, and I must learn to form the excellent technical knowledge to figure out solutions to
problems. A little mishap or error can ruin

The Crime Of The Criminal Justice System
The criminal justice system in England and Wales is made up of multiple agencies which all have
different responsibilities, however they share the main objective of maintaining and enforcing the
rule of law. The International Bar Association (2005) describes the Rule of Law as 'the foundation of
a civilized society' with a society's formal response to crime being the responsibility of the criminal
justice system 'more specifically in terms of a series of decisions and actions being taken by a
number of agencies' (Criminal Justice). Law enforcement, courts, the penal system, and crime
prevention are the four key agencies that make up the criminal justice system.
The criminal justice system is intricate, in addition to the officials and ... Show more content on
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Through such mediums as the media, political debates and official statements the public is made
aware and so is able to form opinions and ideas about the way the criminal justice system, and the
agencies involved, function and its effectiveness. When looking at other countries clear differences
can be seen in the structures and practices in place; such things as the 'contents' of the law, the
various sentences enforced by the courts, and countries citizens perspectives of crime and
punishment.
In England and Wales adversarial justice is the main principle used in the criminal justice system.
The adversarial system is not designed to establish the truth about an incident, that responsibility is
placed onto law enforcement agencies and prosecutors. Once having identified a suspect it is their
responsibility to gather enough evidence to convince a court of their guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
An already stated above, the purpose of an adversarial system of justice is not to get to the truth, the
first barrier to a conviction is the lack of evidence. Once law enforcement has a suspect and has
collected all the evidence possible the case is put to the CPS who will then have to decide whether it
is likely a trial shall result in prosecution, and also whether it is in the public interest to proceed.
Once a decision has been

Strengths And Weaknesses Of The Adversarial System
The adversarial and inquisitorial trial systems are the two most widely used in the world, both
operating in similar but different ways. The adversarial system is a system based on the notion of
two adversaries battling in an arena before an impartial third party, with the emphasis on winning.
There are five main elements of the adversarial system; the role of the judge, the role of the parties,
the role of legal representation, burden and standard of proof and the rules of evidence of procedure.
The inquisitorial system is a method of legal practice in which the judge endeavours to discover
facts while simultaneously representing the interests of the state in a trial. In this system, the judge is
primarily responsible for resolving the case by searching for evidence and questioning the witnesses
as opposed to the adversarial system in which the judge is a passive recipient. In this essay I will
discuss the strengths and weaknesses of both trial systems, look into a case study of each and then
conclude with which system I think is best.
There are many strengths to the adversarial trial system. Each party is empowered to discover the
truth, acting out of self–interest to present the best case and win and are also in control of their own
case, which gives individuals access to the legal system. The basic democratic right to defend
oneself is upheld and the law of the land binds prosecution and defence equally. Each side gets equal
access to exactly the same evidence and

Myth Of The Ant Queen Analysis
Establishing nonhierarchical roles within a system is often debated as an efficient method for
internal innovation and stability. In Steve Johnson's essay "Myth of the Ant Queen," Johnson
describes a phenomena known as emergent behavior, "large patterns of uncoordinated local actions"
which is prevalent in systems with nonhierarchial roles (199). The concept of emergent behavior is a
useful, however inaccurate, means of categorizing a system's structure; a self–organizing system
must have some origin or initial degree of coordination or organization in order to properly function.
Furthermore, Cathy Davidson's essay "Project Classroom Makeover," challenges the current
educational paradigm with an administrative and societal call–to–action through the iPod
experiment. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, Davidson's educational experiments cannot be understood as examples of Johnson's ideas
of emergent behavior because of educators' and not the students', abilities to maintain and regulate
the self–preserving educational paradigm. However, her ideas will also fail to eliminate hierarchial
roles in the classroom...
A system's self–organizing facade oftentimes disguises its ulterior motive of self–preservation as a
form of emergent behavior. In Johnson's essay, he observes an ant colony that appears to think and
function in a nonhierarchial, self–organizing format to serve their queen ant. However, the colony
functions in a genetically–coordinated fashion, "Their genes instruct them to protect their mother,
the

The Impact Of The Internet Of Things
With the click of a button or a tap on a screen, you can discover profound knowledge, it navigates
you to where you need to go, or it even tells you miscellaneous things such as which place to go to
get the best pumpkin spice latte. The Internet of things has significantly impacted everyday lives and
continues to develop throughout generations. It refers to pertinent things such as the ever–growing
networks of everyday physical objects, and other internet–enabled systems and devices which
process and analyze large and fast–moving data set along each other. To sum it up, the internet of
things is a fast growing network of materials where everything is synced and can collect as well as
exchange data using sensors that are embedded in devices. Although individuals believe that the
Internet of Things (IoT) consequently, will strip every one of privacy and security, the internet of
things ought to be utilized in society as it positively transforms the way you live and relate to our
environment to make it more productive and useful for us.
The concept of the internet of things abbreviated as IoT was introduced as early as the late 90's by
Kevin Ashton, the Executive Director of Auto–ID Labs and a professor at Massachusetts Institute of
Technology. Now, "the Internet of things is already a disruptive technology capable of determining
fundamental changes that are happening in everyday life, and it is considered the fourth industrial
revolution." (Hucanu) The Internet of Things (IoT)

Adversarial vs. Inquisitorial Justice Systems
The objective of an adversarial system and an inquisitorial system is similar, but the path to justice
is very different. The terms adversarial and inquisitorial are used to describe types of justice systems
in which represent common law and civil law respectively. The adversarial system is a legal system
where two parties' positions are represented before an unbiased judge or a jury who attempt to
determine the truth behind the case. In an inquisitorial system, a judge contributes to the preparation
of evidence along with how the different parties are to present their case at the trial. The judge plays
the role of finding the truth and all the evidence that either proves the innocence or guilt of the
accused. The adversarial system is clearly the more impartial and accurate way to determine the
truth within a case.
The adversarial system has many great aspects which makes it the desirable system. In an
adversarial system, the police and defence are responsible for gathering evidence, and an evaluation
of that evidence is done by an unbiased judge. Judges play a role like a referee at a sporting event
and the prosecutor and defence counsel are the athletes. They watch the game and blow the whistle
when they see unfair gameplay. Canada and the United States have an adversarial justice system.
This depicts how first world countries use an adversarial system over an inquisitorial system
because they recognize that it is superior in that it is a fairer justice system. In an

Scheduling Manufacturing Operations
ABSTRACT
Without true finite capacity scheduling, any implementation for manufacturing execution, whether it
is ERP, SCM, or MES, cannot realize the goal of enterprise efficiency and agility. All aspects of OM
for manufacturing execution fall behind the lead of FCS, which is the bridge between planning and
execution. Real tangible return on assets rests with FCS.
INTRODUCTION
Integrating a diverse collection of resources to accomplish a goal is an issue that has faced
humankind since the first city arose and food and services needed to be provided to the populace.
The modern challenge for operations management (OM) is the speed and volume that data is
presented to OM systems. This explosion of data holds the promise of efficiency ... Show more
WHAT WAS OLD IS NEW AGAIN
As mentioned in the introduction, operations management has been, and remains, one of the greatest
organizational challenges throughout history. OM arises from the need to coordinate diverse
resources to meet the needs of a complex system. The concept of the plan–execute–control model, a
"discovery" made by analysts in the late 1990's, appears in the historical records of systems
management, one of the earliest mentions circa 4th century BC in China. One of the more versatile
models in modern systems management appeared in 1977 as a result of a joint effort between Dr J.S.
Lawson of the Naval Electronic Systems Command and Dr. Paul Moore of the Naval Postgraduate
School. Figure 2 shows the Lawson–Moore model, adapted by the author for general resource
management.
SENSE is the collection of raw data or other collateral information about the observed environment.
PROCESS takes the data through the inference hierarchy, integrating data within the context of the
tasks required of the managed resources. The situation as best can be determined with the resources
is then compared to the DESIRED STATE. The DESIRED STATE is the result of planning, which
drives the allocation of resources to tasks. The plan exists in generalities, except for enterprises
where goals are achieved with simple tasks assigned to few or

Advantages Of Adversarial Legal System
The origin of the Adversarial Legal System is somewhat unknown. The system has been around
quite a while, and approaches to handle criminal proceedings by using a different method compared
to the Inquisitorial Legal System. Before discussing the effectiveness/advantages of the Adversarial
Legal System, it is a good idea to understand the system. The Adversarial Legal System began in
England with common law. Most countries with common law tend to follow the Adversarial Legal
System, while other countries based on civil law like France and the Netherlands follow the
Inquisitorial Legal System (). The main difference between the two systems is the role of the Judge.
In an Inquisitorial Legal System, the judge is more involved with the case; but in the Adversarial
Legal System the judge's role gets reduced to a neutral third party. The judge is mainly there to hear
the case presented by the prosecutor and defense attorney. In Canada, our legal system is based
around common law, resulting in our Adversarial Legal System. This system is incredibly effective
and features many advantages when compared to its counterpart the Inquisitorial System. The key
elements which allow the Adversarial System to be effective are the role of the judge, fair
opportunity for both defendant and prosecutor to present their case while their rights being
protected, and the introduction of restorative justice.
The role of the judge in an Adversarial System is its greatest strength when compared to the

King Conceptual System Theory
An Overview of the Conservation Model and the Conceptual System Theory Everything in life has a
purpose for their existence, and each human being is valued for their strength, knowledge, power but
a lack of capability for interacting with their surroundings can bring many obstacles in their way in
other for the meaningful and desirable goals to be reached. King's Theory of Goal Attainment bring
a great concentration on the accomplishments of certain life goals and this can only happen if the
nurse and the patient has the capacity to communicate and work together, and only then these life
goals can be achieved (George, 2011).
Levine's model encourages the use of adaptation and maintains integrity, energy through the process
of conservation. This is can be done with the help of nursing care and nursing involvements. With
encouraging conservation, a nurse can assist in promoting the person's well– being (George, 2011).
Kings Conceptual System Theory King had many believe based on his Conceptual System Theory,
he believes that each person views and interprets the world as an entire being in making transactions
with individuals and things in their surroundings. He also believes that the exchange or interaction
represents a life situation in which the interpreter and what is being interpreted unexpectedly
experiences and in which the individual enters the situation as a dynamic partaker and is
individually changed in the process of these

What Are The Elastic And Electromagnetic Properties...
As shown in examples 1–3, the elastic and electromagnetic properties inverted in the individual
inversion have a significant difference in the model structures, and this may be caused by the
accuracy of the initial models, the parameter contrast between the target objects and surroundings,
the choice of inverted frequencies or the arrangement of the acquisition system. Interpreting the
structure of the study areas through these individual inversion results is difficult. However, the
explanation becomes easier when combining these results with the joint inversion. In the joint
inversion, all the parameter models resemble each other, and the boundaries of anomalies are
constructed clearly. All the parameters are used to construct the final ... Show more content on
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4.3 Error comparison
The errors of the inverted models were calculated to quantitatively compare the accuracy of
individual and joint inversions. The errors within the P–wave velocity and permittivity model are
basically unchanged in the individual and joint inversions, whereas the error within the conductivity
model in the joint inversion is less than that in the individual inversion. As shown in the Example 1,
the structures of P–wave velocity and permittivity model are slightly altered in the joint inversion.
Therefore, the errors in these two models also changed slightly. However, the structure and
parameter values of the conductivity model are significantly altered in the joint inversion in a way to
significantly improve the error of this model. In this joint FWI procedure, the cross–gradient terms
are controlled by small weighting factors and cannot dominate the optimization of parameters.
Therefore, the structure of each model will change towards those of other models, if the enforced
structural constraint is beneficial for the optimization process. In contrast, the effect of structural
constraint will decrease during iteration, if it hinders the

Dorothy Johnson's Theory Of The Behavioral System Model
The behavioral system model is a model developed by Dorothy Johnson. This theory was influenced
by Florence Nightingale's book titled notes on nursing and was developed using work of behavioral
scientists in many disciplines such as psychology, sociology, and ethnology. This theory explains
that nurse's specific contribution to patient welfare is to foster an "efficient and effective behavioral
functioning in the person, before, during, and after an illness.
The theory sees a person as a system in which its parts interrelate with each other to form a whole to
perform its functions. These interrelated and interdependent parts are called subsystem which is
analyzed and described in term of structural and functional requirement. There are seven subsystems
– attachment, attachment–affiliation, aggressive–protective, dependency, ingestive, eliminative, and
sexual with each of them interrelated with the others and its environment for three functional
requirements – protection, nurturance, and stimulation. The four structural elements of the
subsystem include the following: drive (the ultimate cause of behavior), set (a tendency or
predisposition to act in a certain way), choice (behavior to use in a certain situation) and action
(behavior of an individual). These requirements must be met through a person's efforts or with the
outside assistance of the nurse to maintain the integrity of the behavioral system.
Also, the model made some assumptions for a better understanding of the

The Inquisitorial and Adversarial Systems of Justice
In the 6th century, the trial or ordeal began, later in the 11th century the common law developed in
England and the Normans evaded England. The common law system was brought over to Australia
in the year 1788. The courts of Equity were developed due to the common law courts are 'unjust'.
These courts introduced fairness into our common law system.
The Inquisitorial and Adversarial systems are systems used to serve justice to the community. Both
systems have the same jobs of determining if the accused is guilty or innocent but have different
ways of concluding to the truth.
In the inquisitorial system the judge is the central evidence gatherer and directs the trial to get to the
truth, he then questions the witness and examines evidence of a case in private and comes to a
decision. The judge plays the detective law and fact finder role that looks into facts and evidence.
No burden of proof is necessary and no jury is used in the inquisitorial system instead a panel of
judges to decide on a case. This is better than having a jury because they are qualified and
experienced in this field. The jury may not have legal background knowledge and wouldn't be able
to make the right decision as the other panel of judges would. The Inquisitorial system is much
faster, more efficient and also a less expensive process than the adversarial system.
The ACT Legal Aid Commission has suggested that Australia's legal system adopt aspects of the
European "inquisitorial'' court process and

The Is Flawed And Does Not Promote Truth Finding
Though there are positive aspects of the adversarial system, scholars argue that as it is practiced
today, the system is deeply flawed and does not promote truth finding. According to Keith Findley
(2012), Clinical Professor at the University of Wisconsin Law School, and Co–Director of the
Wisconsin Innocence Project, the criminal court system as of today seeks justice but does not seek
the truth. Findley asserts that the adversarial system disproportionally benefits the prosecution over
the defense (2012). This is due to the fact that though the prosecution and defense are supposed to
be equal, they are not. It is a fact that prosecutors are funded by the state and are able to gain access
to evidence and resources unlike criminal defense attorneys. In high profile cases it is known that
the Prosecutor's Office appoint their most skilled attorney to the case while it is known that indigent
defendants aren't able to afford highly experienced attorneys. As a result, the truth is not uncovered
or the goal. Along with this, in the case involving normal proceedings indigent defendants are often
given public defenders as legal representation. According to Ray Finkelstein (2011), a former Judge,
the Public Defenders Association is heavily burned with cases and they do not have the same
resource and funds as the Prosecutors Office. Therefore, public defenders are often over worked and
have a high volume of clients that they have to represent with little resources to assist in the

Structural Family Therapy: A Case Study
I. Introduction
II. Structural Family Therapy
a. Component parts of structural family therapy (Gehart, 2014)
i. Role of symptom in the family 131
1. Family as ineffectual challenger of system
a. Family unit is impassive, does not test symptomatic member in order to continue entangled or
disconnected structure in the family.
2. Family as Shaper of individual's symptoms
a. Individuals within the family have their understandings and behaviors formed by the family
structure. ii. Subsystems 131
1. There are multiple subsystems that happen in the family system
a. Couple
b. Parental
c. Sibling
d. Individuals
2. Influential subsystems outside of the family
a. Gender lines
b. Hobbies
c. Interests
d. Personalities
3. Important things to look at when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Child oriented (Caners, 2000)
1. Children and adolescents are the core components in structural family theory. Since the beginning
this model grew from working with children who had psychosomatic and behavioral issues. For this
reason, working with individuals and couples there is no model specifically for them, just that there
are the same basic concepts as with families just with special considerations. iv. Feminist analysis
(Hadfield, 2000)
1. Power differences between sexes and the hierarchy from male to female are noticeable in
structural family therapy model. The ideal power structure in a family structure with two
heterosexual parents has the male holding the uppermost power and position in the family.
Furthermore, this model does not take in to account stereotypes and norms within the society the
family system is a part of.
2. It is said that women are seen as needing to take an expressive role where men are to take an
executive role in order for the family system to remain stable.
v. Cultural awareness (Hadfield, 2000)

1. When working with families from other cultures the therapist has to be careful when using
concepts that are involved with structural family therapy. For instance, when observing boundaries
the therapist needs to remember that in some cultures these boundaries can be less distinct between
family members and

The Elements Of The Adversarial Trial System
Adversarial Trial System
Australian courts use the adversary system of trial when resolving disputes. It is a system based on
the notion of two adversaries battling in an arena before an impartial third party, with the emphasis
on winning.
Elements of the adversarial system
The role of the judge
The role of the parties
The role of legal Representation
Burden and standard of proof
Rules of evidence and procedure
Role of the judge
Acts as an umpire. Is independent and impartial.
Make sure both parties follow the rules of evidence and procedure.
Deem whether or not the evidence is admissible or inadmissible.
Ensures both parties have equal time to present their cases.
Responsible for instructing the jury regarding the application of law.
Determines verdict and hands down sanctions if there is no jury.
They have a passive role. They have legal knowledge and expertise but they are there to fairly
oversee and adjudicate the trial.
Role of the parties
Parties have complete control over the preparation/presentation of their case.
Parties decide which arguments they will present , which points of law should be considered and
which witnesses to call.
In criminal law, the initiating party is the prosecution. The accused has an opportunity to plead
guilty or not and then present their account.
In civil law, initiation party is the plaintiff and they can choose which court will hear their case and
if there is a jury.
Parties have an active role in the system.
Role of legal

Structural Family Theory Literature Rev Essays
Structural Family Theory Literature Review
Structural family theory is a technique employed by social scientists that offers perspectives and
tactics that strengthen and examine the familial unit (Walsh, 2014). Developed by Salvador
Minuchin, structural family theory looks at the unspoken rules within a family and how they affect
the organization of the unit. It is the job of the social worker to accurately identify the patterns,
presented rules, and their effect on the family. Structural family theory encompasses many concepts;
a few of them being, subsystems, boundaries, and rules. Subsystems refers to the functional, normal
interactions and alliances between two or more members within a family system (Walsh, ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is important that there be a clear parent–child role distinction during the divorce process for the
adolescent. Secondly, "adaptability refers to a dimension of family flexibility in which the extremes
are characterized by chaos and rigidity (Abelsohn, 1991)." According to the authors, it is important
that the parents create a new family structure similar to the preexisting structure to eliminate culture
shock or discourage adaptability. Though this may not be an option, it is important to the
adolescent's adjustment health that the transition from one family structure be as seamless as
possible. Lastly, "generational hierarchy implies that the family is a hierarchical, 'non–democratic'
organization (Adelsohn, 1991)." Along with these three factors, the authors identified that
adolescents who underwent therapy post–separation were better adjusted than those who did not
receive treatment.
Utilizing Structural Family Therapy and Systems Theory in the Business World Similar to a family
unit, businesses operate and function off of a balance of subsystems, rules, and authority. All
organizations, at their foundation, mirror the structure and culture of a family system. Relative to the
business world, the

IC Solution: Business Analysis
IC Solution is known as being an advanced technology company through which inmates have access
to phone services, which enables inmates to be able to communicate with friends and family. It is an
excellent communication service which gives solutions to prisoners. The service allows for them to
book release when they need to do so. IC Solution offers numerous services to prisoners like
creating an account, leaving voice messages, video chatting and purchasing different phone services.
If you are an inmate here are several ways through which you can save on your phone bill. An
inmate can make a phone call through a third party who offers prepaid calling account to prisoners.
IC Solution is the dominant company which deals with such services.

hearings is to further the transparency course as espoused...
hearings is to further the transparency course as espoused by the sixth amendment of the
constitution. However, the open criminal proceedings are at the discretion of the judge because there
are some trials that touch on national security or where minors are involved. During this
deliberation, the judge is informed by the first amendment of freedom of press and speech, but these
rights must be weighed according to prevailing circumstances. In such cases, the judge will issue
order barring the media from either full or partial coverage of proceedings (Waye & Marcus, 2004).
The media can access criminal justice proceedings any time from the case files as long as the
information is not classified evidence, which in many cases sways public ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Additionally, the Italian system is rather lax on DNA evidence. A defendant can be positively
identified yet, depending on the arguments by the attorney, an acquittal can be secure. In contrast,
the U.S. criminal procedures take evidence of DNA very seriously, and can form a strong basis of
exculpatory evidence against any defendant. Furthermore, in the Italian criminal procedure, the
court assumes that the motive of the defendant rather protected is not left open for speculation. This
is unlike the U.S. criminal procedure where, despite strong evidence linking a defendant to a crime
scene, the motive is a vast issue of deliberation (Mirabella, 2012). The Amanda Knox trial's public
coverage and broadcast has often been criticized by American legal minds for lack of fairness,
because there were allegations that the live commentators by experts could tilt the course of justice
(Nadeau, 2010). In the U.S. criminal procedure, the jury swears not to be influenced by the public
debates. In fact, the U.S. courts can issue an injunction to the media on the limits of their coverage
and debates (Duggan, 1995). Some legal experts have always expressed dissatisfaction with Italian
criminal procedure use to reform other international laws (Mirabella, 2012). Overall, the Italian
criminal procedures consist of three main stages. These are the investigations,

Explain the key differences between adversarial and inquisitorial systems of justice. Provide an
evaluation of whether either system is more "just" than the other
I will be explaining the key differences between the adversarial and the inquisitorial system of
justice and also provide an evaluation of whether either system is more "just" than the other.
"The adversarial system (or adversary system) of law is the system of law that relies on the contest
between each advocate representing his or her party's positions." This also "involves an impartial
person or group of people, usually a jury or judge." Adversarial System. 2014. [ONLINE] Available
at: http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Adversarial_system.html [Accessed 05
November ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In an adversarial system the judge also is not biased and the criminals are protected in terms of
misusing their powers. In this system the defendant is not guilty until proved, which is fair within
just. It is probable to examine the power of arguments to help determine the truth in an adversarial
system. This system presents arguments for the case and critically questions the arguments of the
adversary through the process of witnesses. The truth is eventually figured out in the adversarial
system because the desire to win the contest will ensure that the truth comes to an end.
Adversarial and Inquisitorial Legal Systems. 2014.
http://chatt.hdsb.ca/~mossutom/law/Handouts/Unit%203–Handout–
Adversarial%20and%20Inquisitorial%20Legal%20Systems.htm [Accessed 18 November 2014]
References:
Adversarial System. 2014. [ONLINE] Available at:
http://www.princeton.edu/~achaney/tmve/wiki100k/docs/Adversarial_system.html [Accessed 05
November 2014].
Inquisitorial System. 2014. [ONLINE] Available at: http://law.jrank.org/pages/7663/Inquisitorial–
System.html [Accessed 09 November 2014].
Adversarial and Inquisitorial Legal Systems. 2014.
http://chatt.hdsb.ca/~mossutom/law/Handouts/Unit%203–Handout–
Adversarial%20and%20Inquisitorial%20Legal%20Systems.htm [Accessed 18 November 2014]
Difference between adversarial and inquisitorial system. 2014. [ONLINE]
http://mercantilelaws.blogspot.co.uk/2012/07/difference–between–adversarial–and.html [Accessed
18 November

Advantages Of Adversarial Legal System
The origin of the adversarial legal system is very blurry and vague, but the system has been around
quite a while and approaches to handle criminal proceeding in a totally opposite method, compared
to the inquisitorial legal system. Before discussing the effectiveness and the advantages of a
adversarial legal system, it is a good idea to understand the system. Adversarial legal system began
in England with common law, and most countries with common law usually tend to follow the
adversarial legal system but some countries based on civil law like France, and the Netherlands
follow the inquisitorial legal system (). The main difference between the two systems is the role of
judge, in an inquisitorial legal system the judge is more involves with the case but in the adversarial
legal system the judge's role gets reduced to a neutral third party only to just hear the case, presented
by the prosecutor and defense attorney. In Canada our legal system is based around common law
and hence resulting in our adversarial legal system, the system is incredibly effective and features
many advantages when compared to its counterpart the inquisitorial system. The key elements
which allow the adversarial system to be effective are the role judge, fair opportunity for both
defendant and prosecutor to present their case while their rights being protected, and finally the
introduction of the restorative justice.
The Role of the judge in an adversarial system is its greatest strength when

Systems Model And Its Components Essay
Introduction Key performance indicators are utilized for the purpose of measuring the success of the
organizational outcomes. An organization can use key performance indicators measurements to
evaluate areas, such as employee performance, employment turnover rates, or profit levels. The
purpose of this paper is to identify a systems model and its components, offer information about
how systems model provides a comparison of different organizations, discuss the Baldrige and AQIP
programs, confer the difference between improving key performance indicators and system
processes, and pinpoint the difference between a study of organizational key performance indicators
and a study of organizational processes.
A Systems Model and Its Components A system model is a model of a system broken down into
subsystems. These subsystems make up a whole organizational system; thus, they allow
improvement in various areas ensuring that the organization is functioning according to its goals.
Components that make up an organizational system in a corporation that rely upon excellent
customer service to measure growth include, evaluating the corporation through its workers and
feedback from customers. The stakeholder is the corporation and the stakeholder group is the
workers. The process is customer service. customer. An overlapping relationship is the result of this
system. The corporation cannot thrive without workers and workers cannot thrive without delivering
excellent customer

Family Pet Sdlc
Family Pets
No company can achieve full potentials without some form of planning. Companies of high worth
and value have effective and efficient planning in place to create harmony by aligning functions. In
addition, planning can reduce confusing and fraustion throughout an organizations by providing
benchmarks from achievable milestones. One fracture of planning for companies is events. Some
events are conferences, seminars, parties. The events allows companies to grow and develop for
many different reasons and purposes. The events require some organization of the announcement of
the events. After events have been planned and announced, a follow–up system must be in place to
evaluate success. The following paper is an essay that defines ... Show more content on
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Diagram 1 displays three possible reason or purpose for an event to be an objective within the
system of "Love." The purpose are for health, sales, and facility needs that and objective would
analysed and design before a scope and goal is established. The component of health as an objective
is broken down into a modularity of health, which is a scope aim at medication, nutrition, and
grooming to improve stock or system function. In addition, boundaries are form with components in
the system "Love." Boundaries are defined as all the component contained for the system limits,
which separate the system from other system. The boundaries influence the system. The system
"Love" can be separated from the system payroll because of the purpose in the system's function to
the system's environment. The purpose of "Love" forms boundaries based on standards, scope,
environment, and resources. In other words, it is the point of interface with a system that develops
into boundaries. The interface is the point at which a system meets its environment or where
subsystems meet each others. However, the objectives to the system "Love" can be changes within
the component of that function to the system or outside of that function to the system because the
interface of objectives is operations and input process. For example,

Explain The Adversarial Approach To Court Proceedings
1. I believe the adversarial approach to court proceedings tends to render a just determination in
most cases. However, I also believe the adversarial approach has faults within the system. The
adversarial system offers many safeguards to ensure that justice is fair. Lawyers are allowed to have
a decision in the jury process at both civil and criminal proceedings. Yet, the civil matters can only
have a jury in Superior Court for specific types of claims. Selection of the jury helps the advocates
ensure that their clients receive the highest fairness of justice. Advocates do their best to ensure that
all jury members are impartial to their clients matter.
Although judges and advocates do their best to ensure the jury is impartial, there are instances when
the jury feels more attached to one client. Generally speaking, if the case before the jury involved a
man assaulting a young girl and the jury was predominantly women, the jury may decide in favour
of the young girl before hearing all aspects of the matter. This creates bias within the justice system.
Relying on peers of a society is not always the best option. Jurors may not understand that they are
only to look at facts of the case and not outstanding matters. There have been famous Canadian
cases, David Milgaard and Steven Truscott, where the jury decided wrong on a matter and the men
went to prison for decades. Are there other cases where people have been found guilty who are not
guilty? This has to be the biggest

Unit20248 Assignment 1
COIT20248: Information Systems Analysis and Design
Term2, 2015
Assignment 1 – Systems Development
Lecturer: Akella Gopi
Tutor: Kayesh
Prepared by:
Darshitkumar Patel s0275395
Contents
1.Introduction 2
2.Approach to Systems Development 2
3. Systems Requirements 3
4. Project Cost Benefit Analysis 5
5. Project Schedule 7
6. System Information Requirement Investigation Techniques 9
7.Reflections and Conclusions 11
8.References 12
1.Introduction
The aim of this system analysis report is to provide an automated Book information system which
has proper information in a relevant style; to which they show on their current system and to present
the proper information for an intended automated information system.
There are 5 major tasks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As there are many approaches for development for a medium sized company like Broadway
bookshop, SDLC (System development life cycle) is preferably the best method should to be
adapted development.
The systems development life cycle is a conceptual model which is used in project management that
is explains the stages one by one development project, from starting to complete the application.
In general SDLC Methodology following these steps to make an automated bookshop system:
1) The existing system which is manually so it is been evaluated. Even all the Deficiencies are

identified. It is done by interview with the users of system and by consulting with them.
2) And it is defined the new requirement for the system even the deficiencies are addressed with
specific proposal for improvement.
3) Then proposed system is been designed. Plans are prepared concerning with the physical
construction, hardware, operating systems, and

Explain The Key Features Of The Inquisitorial System
The adversary system is the legal system adopted by Australia, Britain, the United States, and New
Zealand. Where two advocates represent their parties' positions before an impartial person or group
of people, usually a jury or judge, who attempt to determine the truth of the case.[ 'Adversarial
System' Wikipedia ] The inquisitorial system is the legal system used in most nations in Europe,
Africa, Asia, and South America. A system of trial where the court is actively involved. While the
two legal systems are are different, they also have some of the same features.
The adversary system has five main features; two autonomous parties, an independent judge, strict
rules of evidence and procedure, jury, and the right to appeal. Two autonomous ... Show more
In the adversary there are 8 advantages and disadvantages, The adversary system advantages are; the
judge is an independent and impartial party from the executive or legislative. Both parties are
allowed to present their own cases, and are treated as equals ensuring the basic right of individuals,
and the right to equal opportunity's are confirmed. Each party is also allowed to cross–examine the
other parties evidence, to confirm the accuracy of the evidence. Accused persons are judged solely
on the evidence presented at the trial. This determines that evidence such as a past conviction, is
inadmissible. This advantage preserves the principle of treating a person as being innocent until
proven guilty. Equally, this protects the civil rights of the individual, as the adversary system is
structured to permit ten guilty men go free rather than convict one innocent man. Another advantage
that the adversary system has is that the accused has the right to be tried by their peers. The doctrine
of precedent ensures people are treated consistently, and justly. The last advantage is that all parties
have the right to appeal to the Appellate court. Consistently there are also eight disadvantages, that
match the advantages. Firstly, the judge is not completely independent as they are appointed by the
Executive. When individuals are left to present their own case the trial becomes slow,

Personal Reflection
While reading Systems Thinking, The Systems View of Life and Learning as a Way of Leading, I
felt as if I was experiencing many contradictory things at once. I felt as if i was in the past and the
future, i was growing and shrinking, peering into a microscope and peering through a telescope all at
the same time. I was taken on a journey through the micro and macro while weaving simultaneously
through my own internal and external mental models of the world. This immersive reading
experience sparked a strong desire in me to seek new perspectives and try to understand what others
internal and external mental models look like, what they mean and what they feel like. The concepts
and theories presented in the readings have helped me to solidify some of my own thought processes
and ways of thinking about the world so I can put them into action and apply new practices into my
community work and in turn create change. I do know one thing for sure, I want my contributions to
be positive and go towards the common good. The readings reminded about how interconnected
everything and everyone is and how fragile life can be. The readings have reinforced my desire to
do good, be creative, think of others more than myself, but to not lose touch with self.
The readings have prompted me to infer that in order to be a compassionate and effective
community leader I must put the following practices into action; stay connected and current, think
like a scientist, adapt, and practice patience.

Inquisitorial System Vs United States Criminal Justice System
The United State Criminal Justice System is entirely different from the French. France system is and
inquisitorial system where part of the court is actively involved in investigating the facts. In the U.S
a judge is essentially a referee in court proceedings, compared to the French system were the judge
is known as the inquisitor who establishes the truth and justice. Judges question witnesses,
interrogate suspects as well as order searches for other investigations. In France they do have the
means of the 5th amendment like the U.S, but you can be compelled to give evidence. French
system is based off of Roman law, which allows the judge to have higher power in order to control
investigations and prosecutions. In the U.S juries are particularly

POS 543: A Comparative Analysis
The purpose of this paper is to summarize, assess, and synthesize nine chapters across two primary
texts listed as the required reading for the third week of POS 543. First, I'll focus on the central
themes discussed in the readings related to open systems, structures, and organizational
environments. Second, I will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the various contributions of
relevant organizational theories and concepts to open systems, structures, and organizational
environments. The required reading for week three continued building on earlier schools of thought
on organizational environments and systems with particular emphasis on open systems. Although
the central themes to this collection of readings concentrate on open ... Show more content on
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Blau and Scott (2016) devised a set of qualities they argued delineated a formal organization from a
truly informal organization. They quickly confirmed that social organizations would not conform to
the characteristics of a formal organization. Formal organizations emerge when there is "an explicit
purpose to achieve certain goals" (Blau and Scott, 2016, p. 175). Size and complexity as well as the
existence of an administrative structure help to portray a formal organization. Other factors that
characterize a formal organization include the intensity of the bureaucracy and hierarchy within the
organization. Of note, Blau and Scott indicated that "formal organizations are man–made" (2016, p.
177) unlike social or informal organizations. Unexpectedly, they confirm that "informal
organizations arise in every formal one" (Blau and Scott, 2016, p. 175). The formal organization is
"the organization", not the informal one that exists within; however, it is vital to understand the
nature of the informal organization and attached social relations and unofficial norms (Blau and
Scott,

I definitely support the adversarial system. The modern adversary system reflects the conviction that
everyone is entitled to a day in court before a free, impartial, and independent judge and jury.
Adversary theory holds that requiring each side to develop and to present its own proofs and
arguments is the surest way to uncover the information that will enable the judge or jury to resolve
the conflict. In an adversary system, the judge or jury is a neutral and passive fact finder,
dispassionately examining the evidence presented by the parties with the objective of resolving the
dispute between them. Moreover, the adversarial system allows both parties to present witnesses and
evidence to support their positions, where they can cross examine ... Show more content on
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An inquisitorial system is a legal system where the court is actively involved in proof taking by
investigating the facts of the case. It is opposed to an adversarial system where the role of the court
is primarily that of an impartial referee between the prosecution and the defense. The investigative
role is done by an inquisitorial Judge. One of the main concerns of those against the inquisitorial
system is that it is not immune to bias. The court could issue judgement in favor of one side simply
because they were paid to, or because of a preference. As a result, the risk of bias is (arguably)
greater in an inquisitorial system than it would ever be in an adversarial system. The adversarial
system offers more advantages in favor of the accused, as there are strict rules placed upon
observing criminal procedure, where any evidence can be excluded from the trial if it is obtained
through unscrupulous means, therefore giving the accused some degree of protection, preventing an
abuse of police power in order to gain a conviction. Moreover, the police, the prosecution and the
judge in the adversarial system do not expect the accused to help them build their case against them;
they also give the accused the right to remain silent, a luxury that is only theoretically afforded to
those accused under an inquisitorial system of law. Overall, the inquisitorial system is deeply flawed
and

Personal Statement Of Purpose By Mr. Thomas H. Huxley
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE 'The known is finite, the unknown infinite; intellectually we stand on
an islet in the midst of an illimitable ocean of inexplicability. Our business in every generation is to
reclaim a little more land', these are the lines aptly said by Mr. Thomas H. Huxley. The unyielding
quest for boundless knowledge has been my motivating and driving force throughout my career
pursuit. It's the same quest that prompted me for higher studies. The dedication to finding solutions
and a thirst for creating new tools to benefit humanity has molded me into a seeker of advanced
knowledge. I commence this statement with a bit of my personality which has a direct bearing on
my academic pursuits. I have always felt a strong need for achievement, which has been the
motivating force behind whatever I have achieved in my academic career. My consistently
outstanding academic record ever since my school years has resulted in numerous prizes and
certificates of merit. My strengths have been my quantitative and analytical abilities which instilled
in me a special interest for mathematics and physics. I had always been intrigued by science and
used to spend a lot of time learning and knowing it. This fascination for science and keen interest in
the ever–growing world of technology motivated me to take up engineering studies for my
undergraduate and graduate study. I have always been in awe of the organized complexity of life's
machinery which

Today, in society the act of justice primarily has two different types of legal systems. The first
system is understood as the adversary system; which is most notably used in the United States. The
adversary system is understood as having or acquiring legal representation (i.e. the prosecutor and
the defense) to dispute, analyze, and defend their opposing sides during a trial period. Additionally,
this type of system is successfully accomplished through the evaluation of both parties' evidence by
a third impartial and independent party (i.e. the judge and the jury). The adversarial system also
helps ensures the protection of citizens' constitutional rights. Examples of this are shown through its
requirement of warrants–which protect against unlawful search and seizure– and the right to remain
silent–which provides the opportunity for the accuser to refrain from self–incrimination. ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The inquisitorial system, mostly used in European countries, is a system that takes a "hands–on"
approach to help solve its issues of crimes and illegality. Unlike the American system of justice, the
inquisitorial approach allows the police to work with the court and prosecutor to discover solve the
crime. Therefore, there are no neutral parties who help decide the fate of the accuser. Additionally,
since European countries do no share the same constitutional right as America, their legal system
does not follow the same regulations as the United States. For instance, warrants, freedom of
speech, right to representation, and more are not regarded as citizen rights in an inquisitorial system.
Even though, these two systems have some shared similarities (e.g. police have the right to
investigate, detain, and arrest) the ways in which they seek justice are very polarizing. As a result, if
we were to start a legal system from scratch we would stick with America's adversary

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