1. RNA is an acronym for ribonucleic acid. Explain what infor.pdf

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1. RNA is an acronym for ribonucleic acid. Explain what information is conveyed by this term. In particular, ribo, nucleic and 2. What can we assume about the differences between RNA and DNA from the acronyms? 3 which substance wil emulsify the plasma membrane of a cell: hydrophile, hydrophobic, or amphipathic substance? traditionaly a part alv hydrolyzed extreet of colagen from animal sources which teanslucent and esienli ally tasteless. An what group of macromolecules does gelatin belong in? seatin be flavored by adding fruit uices the cooinr Eelatin. However, if ene adds papava the mi in cold In papaya placed in bolini and sequently plunged water (elanchi can be used ng in getati does not affect solidification. the papaya contain th affect th nt gelatin and that can be by heating the frut?(Hint: ook \"rs on the inactivated Solution 1. RNA stands for Ribo Nucleic acid. Nucleic acids are composed of three components. These are nitrogen bases, phosphate and the sugar. DNA and RNA are the two nucleic acids found in living cells. RNA tells us that it contains Ribose sugar, which is different from the one present in DNA. 2. RNA and DNA tells us the basic difference of sugar molecules in these two nucleic acids. RNA contains ribose sugar, whereas DNA contains deoxyribose sugar. 3. Plasma membrane is amphipathic in nature. Its inner part is hydrophobic and outer part is hydrophilic. Thus amphipathic substances will emulsify the plasma membrane..

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1-The final shape of a protein is very important to its function. When proteins undergo an irreversible change in shape called ________________ they ________________ perform their usual functions. naturation/can naturation/cannot denaturation/can denaturation/cannot dehydration reaction/cannot 2-Which group of lipids will contain hydrophilic heads that face outwards and hydrophobic tails that face inwards that will form a barrier? phospholipids steroids triglycerides saturated acids trans-fatty acids 3-DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein, but not for sugars or lipids. This is because only proteins are involved in living metabolic reactions. sugars and lipids code for their own replication. sugars and lipids are ever present in the living environment and are not used in living structures. other hereditary molecules code for sugars and lipids. proteins are the main structural and functional components of cells. 4-Which statement about the cellular nucleic acids DNA and RNA is incorrect? DNA is double-stranded, and RNA is single-stranded. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, and in RNA the sugar is ribose. DNA has a helix shape; RNA does not. RNA and DNA have the same four nitrogen-containing bases. Both DNA and RNA are polymers of nucleotides. 5-All carbohydrate molecules contain amino acids. contain nitrogen and phosphate. are organic acids. are composed of atoms of C, H, and the functional group -OH. are composed of atoms of C, H, O, and N. 6-Two molecules of glucose combine to form a disaccharide molecule during a(n) ________ reaction. dehydration hydrolysis hydrogen bond ionic bond inert 7-One carbon atom can form covalent bonds with up to ___ other atoms to form an organic molecule. 2 3 4 6 8 8-Enzymes are organic compounds classified as nucleic acids. carbohydrates. lipids. steroids. proteins. 9-Organic molecules always contain carbon. always contain hydrogen. always contain carbon and hydrogen. are found only in organisms, hence their name. are always food molecules. 10-The water strider is an insect that skates across the water without sinking. The tips of its feet must be coated with molecules that are ions. hydrophilic. hydrophobic. basic. acidic. 11-Nucleic acids are polymers of amino acids. nucleotides. glycerol. monosaccharides. fatty acids. 12-DNA codes for the sequence of amino acids in the primary structure of a protein, but not for sugars or lipids. This is because only proteins are involved in living metabolic reactions. sugars and lipids code for their own replication. sugars and lipids are ever present in the living environment and are not used in living structures. other hereditary molecules code for sugars and lipids. proteins are the main structural and functional components of cells. 13-The moon lacks life and varies dramatically in temperature. If we could keep a layer of water spread on the surface of the m ...

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Lactate dehydrogenase converts lactate into pyruvate and has a very important role in carbohydrate metabolism. LDH activity depends on its isozymes and their activities change under pathological conditions. The increase in LDH activity suggests the increased anaerobic conditionsunder the influence of methylparathion to meet the energy demand when the aerobic oxidation is lowered. Following the treatment of methyl parathion there was a differential percentage in increase or decrease of different isozymes in the fish Labeo rohita. There were three distinct bands during the 96h of treatment almost parallel to LDH5 band of human serum suggesting liver damage. This was also confirmed by histopathological studies.

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LOS At the time of her death on September 4, 2015, Alicia held the following assets. Bonds of Emerald Tool Corporation Stock in Drab Corporation Insurance policy (face amount of $400,000) Fair Market Value $ 900,000 1,100,000 on the life of her father, Mitch Traditional IRAs *Cash surrender value. 80,000* 300,000 Alicia was also the life tenant of a trust (fair market value of $2 million) created by her late husband Bert. (The executor of Bert\'s estate had made a QTIP election.) In October, Alicia\'s estate received an interest payment of $11,500 ($6,000 accrued before September 4, 2015) paid by Emerald and a cash dividend of $9,000 from Drab. The Drab dividend was declared on August 19 and was payable to date of re- cord shareholders on September 3, 2015. Although Mitch survives Alicia, she is the designated beneficiary of the policy. The IRAs are distributed to Alicia\'s children. What amount is included in Alicia\'s gross estate? Solution Alicia’s Gross Estate:- Bonds of Emrald Tool Corporation - 900,000 Interest on Emrald Tool Bonds – 11,500…………..(accrued interest is to be included ) Stock in Drab Corporation - 1,100,000 Cash Dividend – 9,000 Insurance Policy – 80,000 ……….( Cash surrender value) Traditional IRA – 300,000 Value of Trust – 2,000,000 Thus, Total asset – 4,400,500.

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Match the following terms with the definitions given below Terms Given a. Heap b. Memory leak c. Inaccessible object d. Dangling pointer e. Destructor f. Dynamic data Definitions given i. The loss of available space that occurs when dynamic data is not deallocation properly. ii. The area of memory used for allocation and deallocation of dynamic data. iii. An object that has been allocated but has no pointer pointing to it. iv. Variables created with the new operation. v. A pointer that points to a dellocated object. vi. A member function invoked when an object goes out of scope. Solution Heap - The area of memory used for allocation and deallocation of dynamic data. Memory leak - The loss of available space that occurs when dynamic data is not deallocation properly. Inaccessible object - An object that has been allocated but has no pointer pointing to it. Dangling pointer - A pointer that points to a dellocated object. Destructor - vi. A member function invoked when an object goes out of scope. Dynamic data - Variables created with the new operation..

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Let us roll a die twice. The number from the first throw is denoted by X1 and the number from the second throw is denoted by X2. Let us define a new variable Y by Y(x1+x2-5)^2. * Make a table that shows all cases of Y with their probabilities. * What is the expectation value of Y, i.e. E[Y]? * Obtain the variance of Y, V[Y]. Solution Let us roll a die twice. The number from the first throw is denoted by X1 and the number from the second throw is denoted by X2. Let us define a new variable Y by Y(x1+x2-5)^2. * Make a table that shows all cases of Y with their probabilities. * What is the expectation value of Y, i.e. E[Y]? * Obtain the variance of Y, V[Y]. We can use the following: Sum of two die Probability 2 1/36 3 2/36 = 1/18 4 3/36 = 1/12 5 4/36 = 1/9 6 5/36 7 6/36 = 1/6 8 5/36 9 4/36 = 1/9 10 3/36 = 1/12 11 2/36 = 1/18 12 1/36 Total 36/36 sum of dice y p y^2 y*p y^2*p 2 9 1/36 81 0.25 2.25 3 4 1/18 16 0.222222 0.888889 4 1 1/12 1 0.083333 0.083333 5 0 1/9 0 0 0 6 1 5/36 1 0.138889 0.138889 7 4 1/6 16 0.666667 2.666667 8 9 5/36 81 1.25 11.25 9 16 1/9 256 1.777778 28.44444 10 25 1/12 625 2.083333 52.08333 11 36 1/18 1296 2 72 12 49 1/36 2401 1.361111 66.69444 sums: 1 9.833333 236.5 To get the y column, subtract 5 from the sum column and then square. The second column and the third column of this table show the possible values of y and their probabilities. E(Y) and V(Y) are calculated using the sums in the last row of this table. E(Y) = 9.8333 Sum of two die Probability 2 1/36 3 2/36 = 1/18 4 3/36 = 1/12 5 4/36 = 1/9 6 5/36 7 6/36 = 1/6 8 5/36 9 4/36 = 1/9 10 3/36 = 1/12 11 2/36 = 1/18 12 1/36 Total 36/36.

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Choose a deployment platform that allows for the implementation of SOA. Describe the architectural layers that are included in the platform and analyze the flexibility of the platform for supporting different types of services. Determine whether this platform supports loose coupling or if it is strongly implementation dependent. Choose a deployment platform that allows for the implementation of SOA. Describe the architectural layers that are included in the platform and analyze the flexibility of the platform for supporting different types of services. Determine whether this platform supports loose coupling or if it is strongly implementation dependent. Solution Service-oriented architectures (SOA) are based on the software services, which are high-level software components that include web services like (Rest , Soap). Implementation of an SOA requires tools and run-time infrastructure software. This is collectively referred to as a service- oriented architecture implementation framework or (SOAIF). Application development and deployment : In the traditional software development process, translating the requirements into working distributed systems is time-consuming and difficult, requiring several stages of manual development and then its deployment. This complex, error-friendlytask can be effectively done using a higher-level, component-based SOAIF. The SOAIF incorporates tools that let processes that are developed, using standards such as Business Process Execution Language (BPEL), can be easily translated into distributed, high-level services, which are easy to develop, manipulate, and debug and hence more effecient . These services are easily composed of implementation- level data flows without the user or developer having to track complex middleware concepts, such as topics or queues. Further, the implementation-level services can run on any machine across the network due to the built-in dynamic deployment support SOAIF provides. Architectural Layers Enterprise service bus :core infrastructure of an SOAIF is typically provided by an enterprise service bus (ESB), which points out the challenges in composing, deploying, and managing distributed, service-based enterprise applications. The ESB incorporates systems connectivity using web services, Java EE, .NET Framework, and other standards also ESB also do not provide any guaranty of loose coupling to meet evolving Service-oriented needs . Implementing ESB to meet SOA requirements require the addition of extra functionality to compose for business Services and provide secure Service interactions. Business process management : Business process management (BPM) considers systems and IT assets as activities or tasks that participate in well-coordinated and centrally organised Business processes. Traditionally, the challenge of BPM is that while it is possible to construct any processes that achieve integration goals, enterprises typically use BPM tools only at the time of designing , modeling.

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A thrown lump of clay hits a block in mid air and sticks to it. what.pdf

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Answer die following questions with short answers: Explain the difference between stream ciphers and block cipher. Explain the difference between passive and active attacks. Describe the difference between authentication and non-repudiation Explain the difference between a MAC and message digest. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of public-key cryptography over symmetric-key cryptogra Why is CBC mode considered preferable to ECB mode? Solution a) stream cipher and block cipher differ in whitch the plain text is encoded and decoded. the basic difference is how the logic used for the encryption and decryption. the idea of block cipher is partition the plain text into relatively larger blocks and further each block will be encoded. and same key is used for both encryption and decryption.example DES,IDEA the idea of stream cipher is plain text is encrypted and transfered bit by bit.but key property of stream cipher is different key is generated for each block or bit.example -ISAAC,FISH b) passive attack is indirect attack.the attacked host is completely unaware about the attack. hence it is called passive attack like some body listens the packet transformation or observing the host in network. active attack is direct attack.its nothing but the attacked one gets aware of the attack. like somebody listens the id and password and stop the services(denial of service) or logic bomb. both are harmful. c) authentication and non repudiation are two different things. authentication verifies the who you are(user-id).where the non-repudiation verifies the what you did(messages). authentication is done through a central instance where non repudiation can done by anyone d) message digest is a hash of a message.its output of a cryptographic hash function appilied to input data it refered to as message. mac is a piece of information that proves the integrity of a message. message digest is take only single input and produces a message digest(aka hash) if the message change it produce different hash code. mac (message authentication code) is take input and security code to check the integrity of message. HMAC is one of this kind. e) advantage of public key cryptography over the symmetric key cryptography is increased security and convenience. and no need of key distribution(transmitted to anyone).and it provide digital signatures that cannot be repudiated. the disadvantage of public key cryptography over symmetric cryptography is speed.they are many symmetic key methods runs faster than the public key cryptography. f) the reason why cbc is considered better than ecb has nothing to do with situations involving an attacker with partial cipher text. problem with ECB is that it leaks the information like when two blocks have same plain text then the corresponding cipher blocks also be same where in case of the CBC it randomly independent of plain text to produce the cipher text..

Answer die following questions with short answers Explain the d.pdf

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