Evidence-Reasoning Questions

Evidence-Reasoning Questions
Claim–Evidence–Reasoning Statement
Topic of Focus
DRIVING QUESTION: How can synthetic materials be used with minimal impact on the Earth?
CLAIM: A statement that answers the driving question.
We can use plastic bags with minimal impact on the Earth by reducing use, reusing, and recycling
the bags.
EVIDENCE: Scientific data that supports the claim. The data needs to be appropriate and sufficient
to support the claim. (minimum of 2 internet sources, 1 print source, 1 other source) not
biodegradable wind carries it all over dangerous for sea life porpoises are the most common victim,
they eat sea nettles and jellyfish, mistake the plastic bag for food takes hundreds of years to break
down estimated that one bag has the potential to unintentionally kill one ... Show more content on
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Hazards or benefits for disposal of waste:
Only 1% of them are recycled.
How does your solution still allow manufacturing of necessary materials? or support discontinued
manufacturing of synthetic material?
Cloth bags will be made more, and plastic bags will be made less. All bags should be recycled.
What data supports your idea for reduction of any harmful or potentially harmful byproduct or
waste? – http://www.healthguidance.org/entry/14901/1/The–Effects–of–Plastic–Bags–on–
Environment.html http://keepnoblesvillebeautiful.org/pdf/litplastic.pdf
Identify what information (research or data) is still needed & make a list for further research
We need to find a good infographic poster making program, and we need to contact grocery stores
to ask if we can put up posters ther. All of our research is done.
REASONING: A justification that links the claim and evidence and includes appropriate and
sufficient scientific principles to defend the claim and evidence.
Explain the REASONING behind your technique or product.
It will reduce the amount of wildlife dead, reduce production of air pollution, and slow the growth
of

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Research Paper On Plastic Pollution
Joshua Oldenkamp
Dr.Arturo Vega
October 30,2017
Policy Analysis Paper:
Introduction:
While taking one of my SMC courses at St.Mary's University, my professor began a discussion on
plastics pollution and the effects it has on the environment. My professor began to talk more and
more about this uncharted territory known as plastic pollution I never knew plastic was so harmful
and what it is doing to our environment.What I knew then does not compare to what I know now.
Everything that I have included in this research paper stems from what I have learned and the
policies we have in the United States, the state of Texas, and the city of San Antonio.
Issue Definition:
Here I identified the who what when and how and the main issue ... Show more content on
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The Solution: would be to either provide incentivized programs and or tax on plastic, or leave
everything the way it is.
I will attempt to analyze our current use of programs to prevent further plastic pollution the San
Antonio area, and whether or not we stay with the status quo, implement buyback programs or tax
people who want plastic bags.
The defining issue at hand is the increasing plastic presence, the pollution it brings along with, the
disposal we provide, or do not provide. Plastic is going to be one of the leading issues in the next
few years, right next to climate change.
Background: Plastic is made up of carbon, this is a man–made product which is specifically from
oil. There were other creations before the discovery of plastic, in 1923 it was the Macintosh and
rubber, then in 1839 the company Goodyear combined rubber and sulfur creating moldable stable
substance, this process is known as vulcanization. In the 1850's though 1870's there was the ivory
trade and billiard balls, and in 1909 the create of modern plastics, Bakelite. Then in 1930 we created
the thermoplastic.
There are 7 different type of plastics, polyethylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate,
polyvinyl chloride, polytetrafluorethylene, polyvinylidene, and polypropylene. Polyethylene, is the
more commonly found plastic, this is our plastic bags, soda and water bottles, plastic films and their
cases, and garbage bags. Polystyrene, in

Bag Tax In America
To whom it may concern, Since the 1960s, polyethylene bags has been a catalyst for the American
economy and have directly effected employment opportunities in the United States. In recent years,
the plastic bag industry created over 25,000 new jobs. However, it has made headlines due to the
detrimental effects it has on the environment. With such risks, critics claim that it is crucial to
control this activity through a bag tax. In this letter I will inform you about the damage this law
presents and a possible solution to this issue. The implementation of a bag tax will put many out of
work and devastate many businesses in America. For instance, the National Center for Policy
Analysis reported that the 10 cent tax on plastic bags in Los Angeles forced a ten ... Show more
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Along with the economic complications, a bag tax will make conditions for the working much more
difficult. The reason I say that is because a family who cannot afford groceries will have to pay
more, thus making their living conditions worse. The United States Department of Agriculture
reported that there are 17.5 million families in the United States that are food insecure. This means
that they have difficulties finding a direct source of food. So with the implementation of a bag tax
these families will have to compete with increasing food prices and a tax that will make their next
meal unaffordable. In conclusion, the integration of a bag tax will make the accessibility to food
difficult for working class Americans. The last and final reason as to why application of a bag tax is
unnecessary is because it aims to combat pollution, but it fails to do so. The Environment Protection
Agency reported that plastic bags account for only 0.03% of the United States' total waste. This
means that the law will not decrease littering. This is prevalent in areas such as Washington D.C.
where the recent bag tax did not combat

Making Of Eco Friendly Flowers Through Recycling Of...
J 'Nae Wong
Professor Finck
English 1102 – A12
March 10, 2017
Project: Making of Eco–friendly Flowers through Recycling of Disposable Plastic Cups
Essay
In line with the current trends of climate change, there is great need to protect the environment we
live in. Some of the actions we take towards environmental protection may have a plan to safeguard
the environment whereas others might do so automatically even if our intentions were to achieve
something else. What does this mean? The answer is simple; some of the projects we embark on
follow the concept of Collins and Scott, where nature participates in its evolution without our direct
intervention. In my project, I intend to make decorative flowers from disposable plastic cups, which
I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In my project, I intend to make several flowers of different shapes and sizes from the plastic cups
with the aim of taking them to the market for sale. The task will be very easy considering that the
labor will be cheap and the equipments needed for successful execution will just be ordinary tools
found around our houses. The jobless, younger generation will form part of my working team and
together, I believe we will be able to collect huge piles of plastic cups from household solid wastes
and make a considerable number of decorative flowers for sale. While carrying out the project, I
look forward to liaise with other concerned individuals, groups, or organizations that will facilitate
its growth and ensure that any good objective, planned or unplanned for the project, is attainable at
the end of the day. For example, I will expect to work with environmental movements and groups
that will ensure segregation of the plastics takes place from other wastes and availed accordingly at
my working station. According to Rich (120), waste segregation is an important element of waste
management and the management of plastic wastes is a very difficult process considering the fact
that plastics do not decompose like the biodegradable wastes. In addition, I will anticipate working
with persons from other fields such as entrepreneurs, marketers, and so forth. Collaborating with

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Domestic Waste: Become A...
Executive Summary:
Waste has become a global problem. It has become very necessary to address this problem, so that
energy problems can be solved. 50 million tonnes of domestic waste is produced every year, and this
is a health hazard. Domestic waste is nothing but paper, kitchen waste, and plastic.
Plastic is the common term for a wide range of synthetic or semi–synthetic materials used for a huge
and growing range of applications. We can find plastic in most of the items that we use today, such
as our clothes, utensils, toys, bottles etc.
It is a known fact the plastic is a non–biodegradable item. Non–biodegradable means that it cannot
be decomposed by natural processes. As a result, plastic products persist and hence harm the
environment. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
into the atmosphere.
ADVANTAGES OF RECYCLING PLASTIC:
Protects Environment: The most important benefit of recycling is that it helps in protecting the
environment in a balanced manner. For example, by using recycled paper, we can reduce
deforestation to an extent. A number of other natural resources can be reused this way.
Reduces Energy Consumption: A large amount of energy is consumed by processing raw materials
at the time of manufacture. Recycling helps to minimize energy consumption, which is crucial for
massive production, such as mining or refining. This also makes the production process very cost–
effective for manufacturers.
Reduces Pollution: Industrial waste today is the main source of all types of pollution. Recycling of
plastic helps to cut down pollution levels considerably, as these materials are re–used.
Reduces Global Warming: Recycling helps to alleviate global warming and its ill effects. Recycling
ensure that the burning process is minimized and any waste is re–generated as a useful product with
minimal harmful impact on the

Disadvantages Of Plastic Recycling
Another approach to plastic recycling is to actively collect plastic from a large region, and to either
recycle or resell the scrap. Vikoz Enterprises Inc. sends collection and transport vehicles to plants
and areas across the U.S. and Canada. Because of their active effort to collect plastic, Vikoz is the
largest plastic recycler in the U.S. and Canada (12)
Biggest types of recycled plastic
There are 7 standard recycling codes for plastic, shown with a triangular 'chasing arrow' symbol
with a number inside as pictured in figure 2, in the appendix. The first plastic is PET/PETE,
Polyethylene Terephthalate. PET is used in most water and soda bottles and also in some packaging.
PET is susceptible to leaching and bacterial growth, so it should not be reused, but it is easily be
recycled.
High–Density Polyethylene, HDPE, is a stiff plastic that is often used to make products such as milk
jugs, oil bottles, toys, and plastic bags. HDPE is also very durable, and often used for outdoor
furniture and other products that require weather resistance and durability. HDPE is a very safe
plastic, and is easily recycled for secondary uses or reused.
PVC or Polyvinyl Chloride is a soft flexible plastic that is used for pipes, computer cable sheaths,
children and pet toys and packaging. PVC is also resistant to outdoor exposer and is used to make
numerous outdoor products. Only about 1% of PVC is recycled. PVC leaches numerous toxins
during its lifetime, and therefore should not be reused. Additionally, burning PVC releases many
hazardous chemicals including chlorine, which is deadly.
Low–Density Polyethylene, LDPE, is commonly used to make packaging, bottles and grocery bags.
LDPE is generally safe to reuse, but it is not commonly recycled. Few places recycle LDPE, and
recycled LDPE is used for secondary uses, such as plastic lumber, landscaping boards, and floor
tiles.
Polypropylene, PP, is a lightweight plastic that is both tough and heat resistant. PP is used for food
packaging, disposable diapers, bottle caps, and packing tape. PP is safe to reuse, and is recycled in
some areas. Currently, only 3% of PP is recycled, but more programs are beginning to accept PP
products.
Polystyrene, PS, is a lightweight material

Literature Review Of Plastic Pollution
A World Made of Plastic and Paper
Literature Review
Nadine Garir
34–5052
Media Design
Group 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: Literature ReviewIntroduction......................................................... 04
Research Question............................................................. 05
Factors Influencing The Problem
Plastic Industry.................................................................. 06
Plastic Pollution.................................................................. 06
Plastic Impact on Animals.................................................................... 08
Plastic Impact on Humans.................................................................... 09
Replacement of Plastic.................................................................... 11
Deforestation.................................................................... 12
Paper Industry.................................................................... 0
Paper Usage Impact on The Environment.................................................................... 0
Deforestation Impact on Humans.................................................................... 0
Replacement of Paper.................................................................... 0
Previous Attempts.................................................................... 0
Personal Reflection.................................................................... 0
Conclusion of Chapter One.................................................................... 0
CHAPTER TWO: BibliographyBibliography......................................................... 0
Introduction Research Question
How to efficiently minimize the usage of plastic and paper?
This research question aims to think deeper on the circumstances of the overuse of plastic and paper,
and what could happen more to the animals/birds, our environment, and our bodies if consumers
keep on using plastic and paper products. This research question should be asked to raise awareness
to users and most importantly designers, so they consider using other eco friendly material in

designing their products. Factors Influencing The Problem
Plastic Industry Plastic is made of monomers, a

Environmental Effects Of Plastics Essay
ng produced at alarming rates recently and according to (Jenna Jambeck) over 275 million metric
tons of plastic was created in 2010 and 12.7 million tons entered the ocean. Effects on people,
environment, animals, where does it go? There are 7 types of plastic according to Mercola; "Plastic
#1: Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is things like water bottles and condiment containers, this
plastic is listed as safe but can leach chemicals during production. Plastic #2: High–Density
Polyethylene (HDPE) is used for milk, juice, and shampoo bottles, these are considered as a low
level of toxicity. Plastic #3: Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) these plastics are used for plastic wrap,
plastic toys, some medication containers. PVC is considered semi–toxic and releases hormonal
toxins that can alter someone's hormones. Plastic #4: Low–Density Polyethylene (LDPE), used for
bags, milk cartons, and garbage bags it is very low toxicity. Plastic #5: Polypropylene (PP), is used
for yogurt and similar containers and is found to release some toxins.Plastic #6: Polystyrene (PS)",
this is styrofoam and is very bad it can release styrene which can damage the nervous system and is
linked to cancer. Temperature also plays a role because when styrofoam is at a low temperature less
is leaked and when at a high temperature more is leaked. Plastic #7: any other plastic or
combination of plastics this one is dangerous because you don't know what is in it and what
chemicals you could be coming in contact

Case Study Of Wei Lee Polythene
Wei Lee Polythene started its humble beginning long year ago to establish a great name in providing
outstanding plastic products in the market and our company is well known in providing excellent
products that satisfies the customer's requirements. Our company has a wide range of plastic
products such as Clear LDPE Bags, Clear HDPE Bags, Clear, Zipper Bags, Clear Polypropylene
Bags, Amide & Silicon Oil Free Bags, Anti – Static Bags and Garbage & Grocery Bags. Wei Lee
Polythene makes sure that every details and design of our products are precise and no damage, we
guarantee that all of our products are tested and safe to use. We provide business in different
industries which are in needs of plastic products like supermarkets, commercial, industrial, ... Show
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These HDPE Plastic Bags which we provide are lightweight and easy to use for packing and storing
of objects. Our Clear HDPE Bags which is designed with a high tensile strength to ensure the
quality of the plastic and to guarantee that this HDPE Bags is not easy to worn out and break. We
offer this Transparent HDPE Bags that are safe to use, it doesn't contain any harmful substances that
can affect the health or contaminate any food and products. We offer varieties of Clear Zipper Bag
that are durable and usable in a wide range of applications and it is made from the finest plastic
material for the assurance of its quality. Our Zipper Bags will help you to store your valuable
materials without the necessity of providing bigger space and also provide well organize and clean
storage for your materials. This Clear Zipper Bag which Wei Lee Polythene offers are very
convenient to use, it is lightweight, handy and durable, and will surely secure anything and
everything that will be put on

Local Control Research Paper
Claudia DeSantiago 0154743 Who Has Control Spring 2017 Government 2306–73434 May 1, 2017
United States fought England to gain its liberty from the ruling of the King that was living in
England and had no idea how the new world was coming around. A democratic government was
formed with so it gives the opportunity to us to choose and have a representative in the wonderful
world on the congressional body we all know and love. Even with all the balance and checks
government has there are still some confusion and the constitution leaves a lot of open gaps for
change and accommodation in many areas of government. Texas has state government and then
local control from cities also comes in to play.
Local control, has become beneficial in a sense. For instance, having education managed by the
people of the city who deal on the daily basis with it, is a great way to describe a form of local
control. The congressmen are more likely not to have a degree on education, therefor their input,
with all respect is not high priority or as valuable. 1 "The concept of local control is grounded in a
philosophy of government premised on the belief that the individuals and institutions closest to the
students and most knowledgeable about a school–and most invested in the welfare and success of its
educators, students, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
What is decided in our times, will affect the society our children's will live in. Local government is
closer to home, we can attend city council meeting and try to make our cities and education for our
children better, but if our involvement is not there, then our voice is not heard. As local government
is more accessible, state always can have the final say so, if they decide to get involved, that is why
it is important to know how to contact our representatives for support or to attempt to redirect their

Persuasive Essay On Plastic Bag Recycling
Plastic bag recycling would bring great benefits to our planet earth, but it takes the support of
citizens to promote this. A town "Gulftowne" (Jones 1) is being persistantly serious about making it
mandatory to have shoppers use reusable bags in place of plastic and or paper bags. First of all, by
using "reusable shopping bags" (Jones 1) it would majorly help by avoiding some of the littering
and threaten of wildlife. Second of all, the "Cutting down trees to make paper greatly dimishes our
forests" (Jones 2). However, "Gulftowne rely on tourists to make a living." (Jones 7) and did not
think beyond the grocery stores when considering this proposterous ordinance. In addition to this,
the price and maintence needed to keep up with reusable bas would have to be taken into
consideration as well. According to Jones ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, what about the small business? Such as a gift shop. Tourists buy small items like
figurines that don't require a reusable bags or will these be in all sizes?. "Many vacation purchases
fit into bags no larger than an envelope." (Jones 8) Therefore, considering to make this ordinance
mandatory would make abosolutely no sense. While the canvas man–made reusable bags are
excellent idea to comply and provide great care of our environment, other major factors would have
be taken into consideration. The fact that "Eventually the purchase of resusable bags is more cost–
effective." (Jones 4) It would also be taken an extra cost for those that own small business. To
conclude, "If this ordinance goes into effect" (Jones 11) Gulftwne better have all their set of rules
and regulation in order. Also, have into prespective on how they will also provide these reusable
bags to those that are not able to afford them and with time, to also be able to replace at little to no

How to Go Green While in College Essay
Millions of young adults leave to go to college every year. Many responsibilities come with living
without one's parents for the first time. One responsibility is taking care of the Earth. Since there are
no parents in college to tell one to recycle, buy organic items, unplug appliances when they are not
being used, and many more, many college students forget to do these simple things. Students go to
college to start a new life for them, going green is a great way to do that. When a car breaks down,
one can buy another. We cannot but another planet Earth, so everyone must do their part to take care
of it. There are several ways to take care of the Earth, each are equally important. Recycling can be
done is many different ways. Paper is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When living in a dorm, one has unlimited amounts of hot water. This can make is very easy for one
to take long showers. Just because one has this privilege, does not mean one should take advantage
of it. A good way to time one's shower is to listen to a CD. After a certain track, one can turn off the
water. This help save thousands of gallons a year.
Aluminum is also very easy to recycle. Aluminum is the most recycled item in The United States,
but we need to do more (Earth 911).Americans use more than 80,000,000,000 aluminum cans a year
(Earth 911). Recycling just one can, saves enough energy to run a television for three hours (Earth
911)! There is also no limit as to how many times aluminum can be recycled (Earth 911). Recycling
one pound of steel can power a sixty–watt light bulb for over a day (U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency). It only takes about sixty days for aluminum cans to be recycled and back on store shelves
(Earth 911). If not recycled, it takes an aluminum can over 500 years to decompose (Earth 911).
Another great way to recycle is to recycle plastic bags. California, New York, Rhode Island, and
Delaware; five cities– Tucson, Chicago, New York City, San Juan Capistrano, California and Red
Bank, New Jersey; and five counties in New York – Albany, Nassau, Rockland, Suffolk and
Westchester have mandatory plastic bag recycling laws (Earth 911). San Francisco and San Jose
have

A Report On India 's ' The Garden Where Plastic Bags '
On a visit to India a while back I came upon a fenced empty field that was practically buried in
flimsy white throwaway plastic bags, the kind you carry your purchases home in from the store. The
locals joked that this was "the garden where plastic bags grew."
But when I returned to India last month, I was pleasantly surprised to find that now when you shop
in New Delhi, no store will give you a plastic bag for your purchases. They're illegal there, as well
as in many other Indian cities and states.
That puts India well ahead of most of the world when it comes to this particular ecological issue.
Most everywhere in the U.S., for instance, the throwaway plastic bag remains the ubiquitous way
people haul their stuff home from the local store. But those bags never biodegrade into anything that
nature can use again.
Worse, the vast majority of such single–use plastic items never get recycled, and even "degradable"
plastics may not degrade all that well. On top of that, product life–cycle assessments, which are on
the verge of becoming more commonly available and used in the marketplace, do not include either
litter or biodegradability as factors.
The news on some once–promising plastic alternatives is not so encouraging. A review published
last month in Environmental Science and Technology by a group of scientists – one at the polymer
science division of the Indian Institute of Technology – finds that "degradable The news on once–
promising plastic alternatives is not so

Waste Product Is A Wide World Concern Which Needs To Be
Waste product is a wide world concern which needs to be solved so as to aid resources and energy
problems. Recycling is the process of turning waste products into a new substance. Plastics
comprises of limited resources like petroleum products. Many countries are coming up with
advancement in technology to use in plastic recycling. The easy technique that industries are using
is that they are using the plastic materials as their raw material in production. Similarly, the
government has created awareness on essential of thermal recycling in that plastics are used as
source of energy so that there is petroleum conservation. This paper talks about recycling of plastics,
types of plastics that are recycled, polymers in recycled plastics and ... Show more content on
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However, these plastic bottles are recycled into car batteries and yarn ropes as well as reusable
shopping bags.
Foam Packaging
Foam packaging is made up of almost 95 % of air. The foam packaging protects TV when they are
being transported from one place to another (Brydson 1995). However, these foam packages are not
thrown away after use, instead they are recycled into insulation together with the picture frame.
Polymers in the recycled plastics
Plastic Bottles
Plastic bottles contains a polyester known as Polythene terephthalate( Azapagic et al.2003).The
polythene terephthalate is used in making the plastic bottles since it has a strong ability to create a
gas barrier so that oxygen get into the drink and spoil it.
Plastic bags, shampoo bottles and milk jugs
Plastic bags as well as shampoo containers are made up of high density polyethylene (HDPE). The
HDPE is used in making the plastic bag and shampoo containers since it has long virtuality and
unbranched polymer chains which make it more dense as well as very crystalline hence stronger
(Nicholson 1997). The HDPE is stiff, strong, tough as well as resistant to moisture.
Plastic wraps
Plastic wraps comprises of low density polyethylene(LDPE). The LDPE polymers have a crucial
chain branching comprising extended side restraints hence being less density as well as less
crystalline. As a result, the polymer is more thin as well as flexible.
The plastic bottle caps
The plastic bottle caps contain polypropylene (PP)

Persuasive Speech On Recycling
The world is full of people using everyday products made from plastics or styrofoam, from simple
things like cups, forks and spoons to expensive electronics such as printers, phones, and TV's.
"About 300 million tons of plastic is produced globally each year"(Raising Awareness of Plastic
Waste) and "more than 14 million tonnes of polystyrene(styrofoam) are produced every year around
the world"(Now and forever: The Styrofoam dilemma). With these high amounts being produced
each year it is easy to see why our oceans are now filled with these materials which end up
damaging our earths ecosystem, marine life, and wild life. Out of the 300 million tons of plastic
produced "only about 10 percent of that is recycled"(Raising Awareness of Plastic Waste) and out of
the 14 million tons of styrofoam produced only "56 million pounds of styrofoam are recycled"(EPS
(Styrofoam) Facts, Figures and Statistics) This means that the majority of plastics and styrofoam
end up in landfills or our oceans changing our world for the worst one non–recycled item at a time.
After reviewing two different Ted Talks, one about recycling plastic by Mike Biddle and one about
recycling styrofoam by Ashton Cofer it has become more apparent to me that recycling plastics is
extremely important and Mike Biddle has the solution. What is Ted Talks? Ted Talks is a nonprofit
devoted to spreading ideas, usually in the form of short, powerful talks (18 minutes or less). TED
was established in 1984 as a conference

Controversy Over The Use Of Plastic Bags
"A single plastic bag can kill over one–hundred dolphins. Plastic bags are often eaten by marine life.
The plastic will starve and kill the animals. This litter may not decompose for one–thousand years
and will continue to find more victims..." written by an anonymous person. Recently, there has been
controversy as a consequence of the decision the government has made to charge a fee to whoever
receives plastic bags or ban them completely in certain US stores. People disagree and believe that
we shouldn't spend money on plastic bags and that it is futile. The alternative side states a plastic
bag fee will aid our struggling environment and the U.S's economy. The quote clearly demonstrates
how destructive plastic bags are, it is affecting the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As I stated, plastic bags harm the environment tremendously and we should do anything we can to
decrease its usage. The opposing side may say that alternatives I have given such as reusable bags,
provide additional harm to the environment than plastic bags because of they are produced.
However, the effect of plastic bags massively outweighs that of reusable bags because reusable bags
are being utilized consistently and they're not thrown out so they aren't harming any animals. Plastic
bags are mostly being thrown out, and that harms the environment way more. To provide evidence
on the significant aid the plastic bag ban or fee has brought, the Upfront magazine article "Should
There Be a Fee on Plastic Bags?" indicates , "It's hard to believe that a small charge could have such
a big impact on protecting our environment. But according to research, the fee has already proven
its effectiveness in reducing plastic or paper bag use in..Washington D.C, Los Angeles, Germany
and England. Some experts predict that a 5–cent fee will lead to a 60–90 percent reduction in the
use of plastic bags in NYC." This piece of evidence brings awareness to the massive assistance
plastic bag fees have brought and will continue to bring to the US and potentially the entire world.
The fee has made a

Causes And Consequences Of Global Warming
The Global Issue
Over the years, the increasing concern over how and where our planet is going to be in the next
couple of decades, has been a significant debate to many. With the steady increase of fossil fuels
being released into our atmosphere, and the high cost that our planet is having to pay in order to
support and to sustain such an exponentially growing population, are we still surprised over the
consequences? Connecting everyone from one side of the world to the other, Global Warming is a
global problem that includes everybody regardless of where you live in the world or how much
money you possess. It has also become a demanding task that requires the participation of every
human being, since everyone can ultimately still decrease their carbon footprint on the world.
Global warming " is the observed overall statistical increase in the average temperature of the
Earth's atmosphere and oceans over the years, " (Miller, 2006). Being one of the most important
issues facing the world today, this subject has become life or death for our planet. With the average
temperature increasing dramatically every year, consequences such as the greenhouse effect, which
is the outcome of large amounts of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere by human civilizations, has
largely impacted ecosystems ranging all the way from the ocean and marine life to even the most
complex organisms, human beings. Acting as a positive feedback loop, a lot of the things that we
do, whether it's opening up a refrigerator that contain CFC's or even just getting a plastic bag from a
grocery store, are contributing to the weakening of our ozone layer, and to the steady increase of
greenhouse gases being released into the air. Plastic is probably one of the most detrimental
materials that has ever been manufactured. With the world now using approximately six hundred
billion pounds of plastic, plastic has become the familiar cheap material that we all know and come
across multiple times a day. Materials like the plastic bag, zip lock bag, and plastic water bottles,
have all been manufactured to be single use items that are used and thrown away over and over
again. "Yet unlike paper litter, when plastic bags get into the environment, they

Plastic Pollution Essay
With the ceaseless consumption of plastics, problems arise affecting the current state of the planet
along with the existing life that depends on it, negatively impacting the future to come. As Leighton
Kille and Rachael Stephens state in their Journalist's Resource article "Plastics, Human Health and
Environmental Impacts: The Road Ahead," the readily usable products made of plastic create a
hazard to people and the environment. Plastics, found in many products and made simple to dispose
of, contain harmful chemicals that can endanger the human body as well as any animals that may
encounter it. From Kille and Stephens's research, the impacts of plastics are understood to be an
expanding threat to the world. Acknowledging the influence of plastic in the modern world and
plastic's menace on society, I believe in the change of cities' recycling processes, encouragement of
the refusal of purchasing single–use plastic products, and the education on the dangers of plastics on
human health and the environment. The world that we live in has run on plastic consumption, which
continues to increase as we support the companies that manufacture these items by buying their
products. Millennials of the UTA community, the people that can make a difference in the world,
will be the ones greatly impacted by the growing production of manufactured plastic goods. Simple,
yet greatly influential, differences in an individual's life can better the world of tomorrow by finding
alternatives to

The Factors Of Air Resistance And Frictivity
Air resistance is the frictional force that an object has on air. Friction is resistance of an object's
surface. The amount of air resistance an object has is reflected on the speed of the object that has
been dropped. Weight does not affect how fast an object falls. A plastic bag weighs about 5.5 grams.
A piece of printer paper weighs about 4.5 grams. A handkerchief weighs about 3 ounces per square
yard. Gravity drops all objects in the same was regardless of their mass or build structure
(kidsdiscover.com). Gravity is the force pulling down an object that comes in the way. Acceleration
is the change of speed or direction. The amount of mass something has is its weight which
determines the amount of a downward gravity force it experiences. A falling object will continue to
accelerate until air resistance force becomes more to balance the force that's bringing the object
(physicsclassroom.com). Isaac Newton's 1st law of motion; an object has to stay in place unless it
comes in contact with another object which causes force or a push for the objects to start to move.
An object at rest stays in place unless a force is brought to it. 2nd law; force equals mass times
acceleration (F=ma). 3rd law; every action has the same opposite reaction towards the first action.
Generally increasing temperature lowers the density and viscosity, so it decreases the air resistance
(Qoura.com). Handkerchiefs can be made out of any materials such as cotton, cotton–synthetic
blend, synthetic

Analysis OfOur Oceans Are Turning Into Plastic, Are You,...
Plastic isn't known to be a substance made for consumption, but you may be eating it every day. In
"Our Oceans Are Turning into Plastic...Are You?" the author Susan Casey is informing us how bad
plastic is polluting our oceans. Susan Casey is the author of a New York Times best seller, "The
Devils Teeth", helped publish Into Thin Air and The Perfect Storm, and is the editor and chief of
Oprah Winfrey's Magazine "O". She argues that these pollutants are doing damage in multiple
facets, such as affecting food chains, disrupts organism reproduction, and directly cause the things
we consume to be harmful to us. The author found many creative ways to appeal to all three
persuasive appeals which are Logos, Pathos, and Ethos. Although the article was great at the end she
added things that weren't needed and seemed to just be there as filler. To set up the stage for her
credibility she tells a short story of the person who she gets most of her information from. The
person's name is Charles Moore he was a boat captain who decided to take a different route that he
usually takes, and he found a huge area of circling garbage in the ocean and this led to him changing
occupations and creating Marine Research Foundation. She further explains his credentials and
those who work for his foundations credibility. Her extensive explanation of Moore and what people
who work for him is an effective form of Ethos. Although the beginning may seem long and
stretched out longer than it had to be its not, she had to approach this topic this way because she is
an accomplished writer but not in this field so she with this specific topic isn't a credible source, so
she found one. Along with Ethos she threw both Pathos and Logos back to back when she tells us
how seeing dead birds wash ashore is more prevalent than is used to be, discussing pictures of our
trash cutting up animals, then showing a picture of a turtle who is deformed because of a plastic
ring. After this she has a chart that shows how much plastic production has increased over the years
and another one that shows only 3% of plastic is recycled. That was an effective choice of timing
and placement because most people when they see graphs they don't even try to read them but

Proposition 65 Business Analysis
More than 150 California towns and counties have bag ban ordinances, a number that has grown in
2016. Proposition 65 should be passed because the profit made from the paper bag fee will go
towards environmental projects, environmental projects are important because it affects everyone
and has to be solved at one point and why wait until it gets serious to the point that our taxes might
increase. It is specifically on how it wants the paper bag fee to be spent on environmental projects
instead of it being pocket money for the retail/grocery store. If voters vote no on the proposition,
then they are agreeing to give grocery and retail stores $300 million in profits. The following is a
simple description on the process of prop 65 "Requires stores ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, the same author states the following "They say it's a play to confuse voters so they
simply vote "no" on both plastic bag measures, thus defeating the statewide ban passed by the
legislature." It's true many of the public aren't fully aware of what the proposition is truly about. It
can lead up to not passing the proposition. The author has the point some people can get confused,
but having two propositions that are connected to each other might confuse people. But at the end
they realize the connection between the

Recycling Plastic Recycling
Plastic Bags: Replace, Reuse or Recycle
Micheal Boor
Arizona State University, ENG 102
Plastic Bags: Replace, Reuse or Recycle
Plastic bags are an everyday part of our lives, we use them without thought and often discard them
in the trash once they are no longer needed. If you looked in your kitchen in the pantry or under the
kitchen sink; you would probably find a significant number of plastic bags stored there. We rarely
stop to think about what the proper way to dispose of a plastic bag would be or if there is a proper
way to achieve this. Just take a moment to reflect about how much plastic based products are a vital
part of our everyday lives. Then ask yourselves, what we as a community, can do to explore
methods for the disposal of plastics bags. One option that comes to mind includes contacting your
local county representatives to ask about increased recycling or proper disposal opportunities for
plastic bags. If recycling plastic bags in your local area is too cost prohibitive, then perhaps there
should be a discussion on alternative options the plastic bag.
Many people take for granted that plastic bags are recyclable when they are not a commonly
acceptable recyclable material. For instance, in Fairfax County, Virginia which is a part of the
Washington D.C. Metropolitan area and has a current population of over 1 million people, there are
currently no recycling facilities within the county that accept plastic bags for processing. Consider
for a moment how

Back in the 1800s most waste that ships carried were...
Back in the 1800s most waste that ships carried were dumped in our oceans without much thought.
The difference from then to now is that the dump 200 years ago was biodegradable dump now about
14.4 million tons of our waste is plastic which is not always biodegradable according to the EPA and
that number is rapidly increasing every year. Our oceans are massively being affected and so are we
in ways unimaginable like the fact that our fish are ingesting chemicals that is in the plastics in the
sea and we are being fed these toxic chemicals. Maybe if citizens have a better understanding of
what is going on in our oceans they'll decide to do something about it. Plastic pollution is the
biggest threat in our oceans as it takes up about 90% of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another major health risk that occurs when our oceans are being polluted is that the seafood
becomes contaminated with chemicals. Chemicals are beginning to move up the food chain and
soon into our plates. Research and studies show that plastic is absorbed by animals when it floats in
waters and when these innocent fish and marine life ingest these foods it is endangering the marine
ecosystem as a whole. Now that we know how it is affecting us how does it reach our oceans to start
with? Some of it does come from ships that are sailing by but 80% of it comes from land. Most
storm drains have a common end point which is into our oceans. And lets say Johnny is waking
down the street and eating a lollipop and he litters the wrapper. Next thing you know it rains and
that wrapper is swept away with the water and into the storm drain. That drain leads into our ocean
and that plastic wrapper is going to be floating for a very long time. These systems are all a cycle
but the problem is the cycle is a one way street and that trash you threw onto the street will never
come back to the street but will stay in our oceans killing marine life. We can't only blame the
consumers for the things occurring in our world. If less plastic packaging were used and more paper
or glass packaging were used it would really benefit the world. Looking at plastic water bottles
many say that they are recycled or reusable but they aren't always

Environmental Effects Of Plastic Pollution
Plastic pollution is all over this world. People purchase plastic almost everyday, even if someone
does not realize they are purchasing this synthetic product, most of the time the item's packaging is
made of plastic. Even cleaning products and clothes contain plastic. When plastic was man–made
the only thought was the benefits it can create, the deficits were not thought of. Humans and animals
are being physically harmed by hazardous chemicals inside plastic and sadly, fifty percent of plastic
is hazardous. The environment as well is being affected with pollution because of the amount of
resources that are taken and used. Many authors have researched the effects of the plastic we use
daily. ZHigui He's article "Pollution characteristics and health risk assessment of volatile organic
compounds emitted from different plastic solid waste recycling workshops" researches the various
volatile compounds found in different recycling shops that lead to health risks. Charles Talsness'
article is explaining the health risks of the components found in plastic on humans and animals.
Along with the article written by Chelsea Rochman, assistant professor, that classifies plastic waste
as hazardous as well and W.C. Li's article focuses on the effects of the plastic waste in the marine
environment. All the while, Robert LeBlanc has found many statistics on all negative aspects inside
his article "Plastic Recycling Facts and Figures". All of these articles connect in the agreement of
plastic

Why We Should Be A Fee On Plastic Bags
There should be a fee on plastic bags
Why should we have to continue to litter or use plastic so that we can just toss them out when we
don't need them any more? That is why I think there should be a fee. When we litter, as shown in the
video those small things are winding up in the lakes and oceans and killing wildlife. Also I believe
that befor you get a chance to litter and hurt wildlife you should pay the price not them. We should
stop because plastic is not biodegradable so it will be around for a while if it ends up in a body of
water. If there they stay and float in the water than it is a better chance of it to pose a threat for other
water animals. There should be a fee on plastic bags because plastic is not biodegradable, every
square mile of the ocean has 46,000 pieces of plastic, and they have external cost.
One important reason that there should be a fee on plastic bags are that they are biodegradable and
that means that they are not going away anytime soon. According to creeklife.com 46,000 pieces of
plastic are floating in any body of water. So that means that 23,000 animals are in danger. What i'm
saying here is that if all of these people want to stop animal brutality then there is another way and it
is that we should pay a price to contribute. And the money can go to an animal fundraiser. Now,
some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As I found on a website called Greentumble.com the text states¨ most recycling faclities do not have
the captivity to recycle plastic bags and there for do not accsept them. As a result the accualy
recycling rate is 5%¨ . So with the evidence shown above I have disproven the fact that recycling
could would help anything. If trying to recycle does not help than what is the point of not trying to
save the environment, If it will not do anything that we should make a stand and and put a fee on
plastic

How Does A High Density Polyethylene Brick Differ From A...
Abstract:
Every year millions of tons of plastic are dumped around the world. Every year hundreds of
thousands of people lose their homes due to fires or natural disasters. 1.6 billion people in the world
are homeless and have nowhere to call home but by using my idea of using/melting plastic (high–
density polyethylene) and comparing it to standard building materials that make houses , it will
enable hundreds of thousands of people to have a place that they call home and it will create jobs as
well.
Investigative question:
How does a high density polyethylene brick differ from a clay bricks in different tests for
construction?
Hypothesis:
The high density polyethylene brick is more resistant to the construction tests than a ... Show more
The hdpe brick was the better of the two bricks and is a possible substitute for construction in place
of a normal clay brick.
Discussion:
The experiment could have gone wrong by burning the plastic in the oven or making a different
shaped brick with different dimensions. My results are accurate because I have

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Recycling Plastic
Introduction
Plastic in its various forms is the most useful but cheap invention that mankind has ever made .
Having widespread applications from industries to minute household stuff, its utility cannot be
expressed in a few sentences.
But, at the same time, plastics possess a property which makes nature quite vulnerable to their
misuse. This property namely is NON–BIODEGRADABILITY. By closely observing the structure
of plastic, we come to know that plastic is made of extremely strong carbon–carbon bonds, which
cannot be easily broken down into small units by any natural processes. This property of non–
biodegradability poses a serious threat to the environment.
So what is the solution to this problem? This problem has a simple, yet effective ... Show more
* It has a better Particle compression ratio of 3/1 to 5/1.[6]
* Most importantly, this works on the principle of continuous compressions, wherein plastics are not
physically damaged due to plastic's less deformable nature. This can be explained with the data [6]
that fracture point in the stress strain graph for plastic material such as Polypropylene may be as
high as 80 Mpa, whereas that of organic material such as wood is 40 Mpa. Other organic things are
easier to break. So, if we apply a stress between these two critical pressures we can break the
organic matter keeping the plastic intact. The exact value should be optimised experimentally.
(a) (b)
Fig.(a ) Animation and (b) Details of Jaw Crusher[2]
Only organic wastes entering the jaw crusher are crushed into finer particles. Plastics remain intact.
This will help in better biodegradation of the organic wastes as it will increase the surface area of
the particles so that microbes can attack the organic wastes easily.
Biodegradation of organic wastes
Different microorganisms transform the organic compounds into simpler compounds ultimately
releasing CO2, CH4, water as the main products, reducing the volume and weight of the organic
wastes and increasing proportion of plastic in waste, making the separation of plastic

Recycling Essay
Recycling
During the early 1970s, as communities across the United States saw their landfills filling up,
attention turned to alternative methods of garbage disposal, such as incineration and recycling.
While incineration proved to be a thorny issue due to its toxic ash byproduct, recycling was
embraced by Americans as an effective way to offset rising garbage production rates.
Today, demand for recycled products is beginning to match supply, and the percentage of waste
going into landfills and incinerators is decreasing steadily. In 1970, when Americans produced 121
million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW), three–quarters went directly into landfills, one–fifth
was incinerated, and less ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many if not most of the products we use on a daily basis are made of recyclable materials, including
glass, aluminum, paper, steel, plastic, scrap tires and used oil. And the demand for goods made from
recycled products, despite a lot of ups and downs during the 1980s, has never been higher thanks to
a combination of well–conceived industrial/commercial applications and much needed government
purchasing mandates. Indeed, the existence of markets for recyclables has contributed significantly
to recycling's success as a waste disposal alternative.
What makes recycling especially unique is its implementation by local people for local people. In
regards to MSW management, the federal government is relatively hands–off, and state
governments have focused more of their attention on landfill and incineration options. As a result,
local communities have come together to initiate recycling efforts; the percolation of their
enthusiasm has led to the widespread acceptance and even encouragement of recycling at both the
state and federal levels.
With recovered materials demanding higher market prices and curbside collection and commercial
recovery on the rise, it is not unrealistic for Americans to expect to see nationwide recycling rates of
thirty–five to fifty percent by the turn of

Vinyl Synthesis Essay
The patterns of printed vinyl are printed using a paper top coat put directly on a thin vinyl surface
and then covered with several layers of clear vinyl or urethane to create a protective wear layer. This
type of vinyl is a more affordable option compared to inlaid vinyl but it is less durable. The patterns
of inlaid vinyl floors are pass through a process that put tiny vinyl granules on the backing, forcing
them up to the wear surface. This creates heavier and extremely durable floor. This is because vinyl
is applied throughout the entire thickness of the flooring. Vinyl is available in a few different styles,
including sheet vinyl, solid vinyl tiles, and luxury vinyl tiles. Sheet vinyl generally comes in 6' or
12' wide rolls. Solid vinyl

A List Of Main Competitors Essay
A List of Main Competitors
Plastic Revolutions, Inc.(PRI) is headquartered in Reidsville, North Carolina and operates primarily
on the east coast. The company recycles various grades and forms of plastic scrap and post–
consumer plastic, but their focus is on High Density Polyethylene(HPDE). After a basic Google
search, we found a few local competitors including Reily Recovery Systems, Inc., located in Haw
River, North Carolina and New Life Plastic Recycling, Inc., located in Burlington, North Carolina
and various other companies along the east coast. To confirm which companies were main
competitors, we contacted Ed Handy, General Manager at Plastic Revolutions, Inc. He confirmed
that KW Plastics, headquartered in Troy, Alabama and Envision Plastics, also located in Reidsville,
North Carolina, were their main competitors (E. Handy, personal communication, October 14,
2016).
PRI's Strengths Compared to the Competition
Plastic Revolutions, Inc is "one of only two companies in the region that can process high molecular
weight HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) and produces extremely clean HDPE flakes and pellets
(PRI, Challenge Instructions)."
Plastic Revolutions is also one of the only domestic recycling firms to hold the ISO 9001
Registration. The ISO 9001 is a standard based on quality management principles including strong
customer focus, attention of top management, and a process of continual improvement ("ISO 9000
Quality Management," 2016). These principles ensure

Plastics Have Hazardous Influence on Human Health
Plastics have hazardous influences on human health. It takes huge amounts of chemicals and fossil
energizes to produce plastics. The type of plastics that we frequently use, contains a chemical called
Bisphenol–A "known as BPA" and other types of chemicals (Ellsbury, 2012). BPA can interferes
with human body and modifies hormones, which has been proven to be dangerous to human health.
In addition, various types of serious health problems have been strongly related to BPA (Lights,
2012). For instance, certain types of cancer, impaired immune function, early onset of puberty,
obesity, diabetes, and hyperactivity (Adverse Health Effects of Plastics, n.d.). Research has shown
that BPA enters human body through exposure to plastics, such as plastic bottles. Moreover, risks of
these bottles increase even more if they expose to high temperatures, because the plastic will secrete
its harmful chemicals into drinks (Lights, 2012). Plastics harm animals and consequence the death
of them. Thousands of wild animals and sea animals are dying because of the plastic pollutant. In
addition, once the animals swallow the plastic, it will not pass by the animals' gut so it stucks, and
that leads to a slow and excruciating death. Moreover, as plastics need more than lifetime to
decompose, after the animal dies and decays, the plastic will be freed back again to the environment
to keep killing other animals (Ark, n.d.). In the marine environment, plastic bags are the most
frequently mistaken

Plastic Uses : The Dangers Of Plastics Pollution
Plastic bags tend to disrupt the environment in a significant but humans are mainly to blame for this.
We as humans do not see the destruction that we caused to the environment every time we toss
plastic bags onto the bare streets. The plastic bags that we throw away and are not being recycled
tend to end up in the oceans or landfills where poor animals happen to eat them. Charging ten cents
for plastic bags to decrease CO2 emissions and environmental waste can in fact help the planet by
helping stop pollution in the ocean, increasing landfill magnitude and also by diminishing plastic
bags production.
To begin with, water is a major aspect for all living organisms. Nearly about 96.5 percent of all
earth's water is from in the ocean. With water being every important to all organisms, we as humans
is our duty to keep the environment of the ocean clean but that is not the case. Approximately
46,000 pieces of plastic are found throughout every square mile of the ocean. In addition to the
ocean almost completely covered in plastic, practically 100,000 marine animals are killed each year
by plastic bag pollution. Ocean Plastics Pollution stated that, "Plastics pollution has a direct and
deadly effect on wildlife. Thousands of seabirds and sea turtles, seals and other marine mammals are
killed each year after ingesting plastic or getting entangled in it." With having to pay ten cents for
every plastic bag we use, we can indeed help reduce pollution in the oceans and have a clean water
supply not only for the animals but for humans too.
By charging ten cents for plastic bags can effectively increase landfill magnitude, due to the fact that
many humans won't want to purchase the bags. This can also decrease the usage of plastic bags
which will then successfully create more space in landfills. According to Greener Ideals, they state
that one ton of recycled plastic can save up to thirty cubic yards of landfill space. Plastic bags are
viewed as a wasteful utilization in society due to the fact that there isn't many uses for them.
Nevertheless, plastic bags can have a negative impact in landfills as it replaces space that can be
used for other major wastes since many of these plastic bags aren't

Clean Water Act Argument Essay
Furthermore, the Shore Protection Act is applicable to the transportation of municipal and
commercial waste in coastal waters aiming to minimize debris from being deposited into coastal
waters from inadequate waste handling procedures by waste transporting vessels (Laws That
Protect). The Center for Biodiversity had petitioned the EPA to begin regulating plastics as a
pollutant under The Clean Water Act– a crucial first step in reducing the amount of plastic. The
Clean Water Act is the nation's strongest law protecting water quality. Recognition of plastic
pollution under the clean water act enables states to develop water–quality standards to finally begin
curbing the amount of plastic dumped in the oceans.
Yet despite all these efforts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Serving as the number one source of our plastic use, companies opt for plastic containers because
it's easy, feasible, and convenient. Food packaging alone makes up for 30–40% of landfills with
much of that plastic being carried into the oceans. Going off of this, a new concept that's quickly
becoming popular are package free grocery stores. These cost– effective grocery stores have
everything you could possible need in bulk form and consumers bring glass or reusable containers,
or cloth bags and fill them with the food they need. First popping up in cities like Berlin, Vienna,
and Barcelona, many are finding this a more sustainable and eco–friendly option resulting in these
sort of grocery stores quickly spreading across the ocean, with the first one in the United States
expected to open in Brooklyn, New York. Business operators are extremely optimistic that this
could serve a very impactful solution to getting rid of unnecessary plastic. (Che Jenny).
In conclusion, it should have been learned that the issue of plastic pollution has become ruinous.
The cost of repair and the inconvenience of lifestyle changes cannot compare to the frightful future
this planet is headed. At current rates, hazards are not just inflicted on Earth's oceans but individual
human health and the other creatures that rightly inhabit this land. With this concern

Effects Of Plastic Pollution
Thousands of plastic factories are producing tons of plastic goods which are popularly used by the
people because of their ease, cheapness and convenience. Due to non–biodegradable nature they
cause hazardous negative impact on the environment. Disposal of plastic waste which are major
cause of environment pollution becomes carcinogenic to human, birth defects, impaired immunity,
endocrine disruption, development and reproductive effect. In addition to dumping of plastic
material into marine, a large number of species are known to be harmed or killed which could
jeopardize their survival, especially since many are already endangered by other forms of
anthropogenic activities. Marine animals are mostly affected through entanglement ... Show more
With sea turtles, they can mistake a plastic bag for a jellyfish and try to consume it and will lead to a
blockade in the gut and to internal death. When seabirds ingest plastic, it reduces the storage volume
of the stomach and make them eat less, which will result in starvation. Another major biotic factor
in marine life that is getting affected by plastic pollution is Zooplankton. Zooplankton are
heterotrophic planktons that are consumed by marine organisms. Since Zooplanktons' are starting to
contain toxins from plastic, they will affect the other organisms who consume them in the food
chain and in which will also affect the humans who eats marine organisms. Not only does plastic
cause damage to the ocean, but it can also damage groundwater sources. Many regions are already
facing issues with, but water sources everywhere are in danger because of plastic pollution. Plastic
toxins in dumps and from litter can seep into the groundwater, which people drink every day. Coats
1
Due to the use of chemical additives during plastic production, plastics have potentially harmful
effects that could prove to be carcinogenic or promote endocrine disruption.
Some of the additives are used as phthalate plasticizers and brominated flame retardants.
Through

Disadvantages Of Recycling Plastic
In the world today, plastic bags are used just about everywhere. This is due to their convenience,
low cost, and durability. Additionally, plastic bags can be found just about everywhere, in ditches, in
cornfields, and in the Rappahannock River. It results in a number of environmental problems for
animals, as it also does for humans. For this reason, communities should start recycling plastic bags
as much as possible and keep them out of harm's way. It is possible to change the plastic bags
impact. New rules and regulations should be set to prevent the environmental problems. Although
plastic bags cause many problems, they are not as worse as the popular alternative, paper bags, or
cotton bags. Cotton made bags would need to be washed in hot ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If the government banned plastic bags for good, then the result would be an increase in paper bags.
This would result in even more environmental disadvantages. Both bags consume about the same
amount of energy, but in different ways. Paper bags cause a greater amount of water pollution and
they also cause trees to be removed. Trees are essential because they need to be present to absorb
carbon dioxide in the air. Paper bags also emit much more air pollution throughout their production.
Plastic bags are made from petroleum which in the end becomes more dangerous for wildlife
consumption, because of the element being worse for animals rather than paper. This is the only
main issue for plastic bags, which can be prevented. According to Lilianfield, paper emits 80
percent more greenhouse gases, it uses three times the amount of water it takes to make plastic bags,
and paper bags generate 80 percent more solid waste (Source F). Just because disadvantages come
with a product or service, does not mean that the public should quickly change to a different one,
without analyzing how much worse a product is. Paper bags are just as bad for the community as
plastic

Advantages Of Recycling Plastic
Science Fair Research Paper
Zachariah Alzubi and Yosef Ismael
Best Methods of Recycling Plastics
Recycling has grown rapidly over these past few decades. Almost every single household in
America has a recycling bin. You can find recycling bins anywhere like in your school or at a
dumpster nearby and I'm sure there are plenty at home. You can almost recycle anything from glass,
to Styrofoam, and especially plastic. There are many things around your house that are probably
made of plastic, if you're just drinking a water bottle and you finish it toss it in the recycling bin
instead of wasting it in the garbage. You never know, you might end up using that same water bottle
again in the future. Recycling plastics doesn't only benefit the wellbeing of earth itself it also
benefits consumers so they can have a wide range of products made from plastic recycling like the
utensils you eat with or any kitchen gadgets or even your dinner table at home. Recycling plastic
began in 1972 in Conshohocken, Pa. They had the first mill to accept residential plastics and began
their operations there. Then in the 1980s many U.S citizens began curbside collection programs in
which they recycled plastics and other materials that could be recycled. In 1984 is where recycling
really started to expand they had topped over 100 million pounds in recycled plastic for the first
time in US history and from their they continued to expand and the number in recycled plastic
increased and is still increasing

A Brief Note On Nature 's Deadliest Predator
Nature's Deadliest Predator
"Plastic is forever... and a lot cheaper than diamonds" (Meikle 9). When plastics were first
discovered they were called the material of 1,000 uses. This first, very primitive plastic was called
Bakelite, discovered in 1907 (Knight 5). Although plastic today can be chemically analyzed very
well, when first discovered there was very little information known about the benefits and downfalls
of this material. Plastics have many unique characteristics that make them extremely desirable as an
applicable material. They are better known in the world of chemistry as polymers, poly meaning
many and mers meaning parts. In order for a substance to be classified as a polymer, a compound
must be made up of many of these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Polymers come in two distinctly different chemical make ups, thermoplastics, which can be
reheated, reworked, and recycled, and thermosets, which once cured are completely locked into
place and and cannot be recycled ("The Basics"). What makes these polymers so environmentally
unfriendly is that they will not biodegrade. The long chains of covalent bonds makes the compounds
so strong that they will only undergo a process called photodegradation. This photodegradation
means that over time the polymers will simply break into smaller and smaller pieces, never
completely going away ("The Basics"). These small pieces containing chemical toxins gravely
endanger wildlife who confuse these pellets for food. Plastics are still relatively new materials, their
potential not fully reached. The question is how will the use of so many non reusable plastics in a
person's everyday life affect the economy and environment in the long run?
Plastic is one of the worlds most prominent resources and therefore it is a staple in not only in the
United States economy, but in other economies around the world. To begin with, the plastics
industry and manufacturing alone accounts for over nine hundred thousand jobs domestically.
Meaning that of the 64.2% of the United States workforce, about one in every two hundred people is
employed by the plastics industry ("Economic").

The Negative Impacts Of Plastic Uses And Plastics
A Cuvier's beaked whale was put down after finding four kilograms of plastic bags in every part of
its stomach. The internal damage caused by the bags included an inflamed stomach and intestinal
walls ("Plastic Bags Found"). Tragically, this is not the only story of plastic bags harming wildlife.
Another story like this occurred less than two months later. Wildlife is suffering daily because
plastic bags are interfering with their habitat. Because they are harmful to the environment, plastic
bags should be banned. Plastic bags cannot be recycled, so they end up decomposing in landfills for
hundreds of years. A great alternative is reusable bags that can also be recycled. The plastic bag's
single use does not outweigh the negative impact that they have on the environment and wildlife.
Every year, Americans use 70 to 100 million plastic bags according to Patricia Smith. To put it into
perspective, each family in America uses an average of 1,700 plastic bags a year. Each of these
plastic bags is used once, and then unfortunately, tossed into the trash. From the trash, the plastic
bags eventually end up in a landfill, where it takes hundreds of years to decompose. Otherwise,
plastic bags end up as litter. Littered plastic bags are everywhere, from corn fields to the ocean.
Animals all over the world often mistake these plastic bags as food. They consume the bags and die
from complications as a result. Recycling plastic bags is not an option either. Plastic bags are one of
the

Essay On Plastic Recycling
a significant increase in the cost recycling the plastic, and the resulting product will have lower
market value due to lower quality.
Recycling plastic generally is more energy efficient than creating new plastic. Over 1000 gallons of
gasoline is saved by recycling one ton of plastic. The liquefaction of polyolefins actually produces
new oil stock that are used in other manufacturing, as well as several marketable byproducts such as
diesel fuel, burnable fuel, and HCL.
Plastic recycling becomes more profitable as the cost of oil rises. In the 1970's, fears of limited oil
supplies led to a significand demand for plastic recycling. In California and some other locations,
the government requires recycling, and provides access to constant streams of plastic that allow for
more plastic recycling plants to run continuously. In crowded areas, such as japan, limited access to
natural resources leads to high value of recycled plastic products produced locally.
Research and development
A company called Ak Inovex is developing a new process of recycling plastics that does not use
water to clean the plastic. The process also uses less electricity, and creates a higher quality product.
The new process is used to recycle Styrofoam, polystyrene and ABS, which are often sent to
landfills instead of being recycled. The new method of recycling utilizes chemical solvents and
special devices that cool the plastic forming plastic beads. Over 90 percent of plastic types can be
recycled with

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